US3652965A - Resilient magnetic coupling - Google Patents

Resilient magnetic coupling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3652965A
US3652965A US863812A US3652965DA US3652965A US 3652965 A US3652965 A US 3652965A US 863812 A US863812 A US 863812A US 3652965D A US3652965D A US 3652965DA US 3652965 A US3652965 A US 3652965A
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
coupling
particles
armature
solenoid
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US863812A
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English (en)
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Frederick G Krebs
Samuel A Redman
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NCR Voyix Corp
National Cash Register Co
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NCR Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00—Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/26—Means for operating hammers to effect impression
    • B41J9/38—Electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An elastic coupling made from moldable curable material having both magnetic permeability and desirable mechanical properties, including resilience, flexure tolerance, and large-area contact with metallic members, is disclosed. Application of the coupling in a bonded junction between lightweight fastacting fatigue-stress-susceptible members which are connected between acceleratable masses in a magnetic-solenoidexcited data-processing peripheral is shown.
  • the invention further pertains to resilient couplings between accelerated and highly loaded structure members which are portions ofa magnetic circuit.
  • the invention further pertains to a structure and a method for resilient attachment of a solenoid armature to the solenoid-driven load member in a high-speed printer mechanism.
  • a particular family of resilient materials having magnetic particle impregnation is used for providing a unique coupling and joining together of structural members which are also part ofa magnetic circuit.
  • the present invention discloses the use of an impregnated hardenable viscous material as a resilient coupling medium between two portions of a magnetic circuit.
  • the invention relates to the structure resulting from use of the resilient magnetic coupling as well as to the method of fabricating the coupling.
  • the invention provides a flexible coupling which reduces the total moving mass required in a solenoid magnetic circuit by permitting part of the required magnetic flux to flow in structure members which are already present in the mechanism for structural purposes but are physically separated from the magnetic circuit by the resilient coupling. Long operating life is provided for structural members that connect a load mass to the mass of a magnetic exciting apparatus, because of the flexible couplings ability to limit acceleration-induced degradation in the structural members.
  • the invention discloses composition of one material for the flexible coupling and fabrication techniques for the coupling which are based on use of this material.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing is an overall view of a solenoid and load constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawing is a cutaway view of an electrical solenoid which employs a resilient coupling of the type disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A of the drawing is an end view of the armature portion of the solenoid shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing shows the important parts of a highspeed impact printing mechanism which utilizes the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The parts shown in FIG. 1 are identified as an impact printing hammer 28; a pair of cantilever flexure springs 31 used to mount the printing hammer 28; a cantilever spring stop member 33; a hammer penetration control stop member 44; a hammer return spring member 29; a hammer backstop and position-locating assembly 24; a hammer backstop engaging spring 19; a hammer-actuating impact arm (or solenoid armature arm or hammer-actuating member) 17; an impact arm impacting face member 22; and an exciting solenoid assembly or device 54, which includes as members a solenoid yoke portion or yoke member 11, having mounted upon it electrical windings 13 and 91, a pivot 43, and a movable solenoid armature member 86.
  • an exciting solenoid assembly or device 54 which includes as members a solenoid yoke portion or yoke member 11, having mounted upon it electrical windings 13 and 91, a pivot 43
  • FIGS. 2 and 2A of the drawing show a detailed and cutaway view of the exciting solenoid assembly 54 of FIG. 1.
  • both the solenoid armature arm 17 and the solenoid yoke portion 11 are shown cut away at a point close to the pivot 43.
  • Other details of the solenoid assembly 54 are described in later portions of this specification in connection with disclosing details of the invention.
  • the solenoid yoke portion 11 is shown to be large in physical size and massive in construction; since this member of the mechanism is stationarily mounted on the printer frame, the necessity of a large mass here for conducting the magnetic flux developed by the windings l3 and 91 is no limitation on the mechanisms operating speed.
  • the solenoid armature member 86 in FIGS. 1, 2, and 2A is also large in size and massive in construction, since it too must conduct the magnetic flux generated by the windings 13 and 91 during operation of the mechanism.
  • the armature member 86 is a movable part of the mechanism and must be accelerated and decelerated during each cycle of printer operation and is a mass located relatively far from the axis of rotation at the pivot 43, the armatures contribution to the moment of inertia of the printing mechanism movable members is significant. In order that the annature 86 contribute as little mass and moment of inertia to the printing mechanism as possible, it is desirable to minimize the amount of material which it contains. In the following paragraphs, the factors which limit this minimizing of armature material are discussed, and an improved technique for minimizing armature mass is disclosed.
  • the solenoid armature arm 17, which delivers kinetic energy from the solenoid armature 86 to the printing mechanism, is relatively thin and, in the portion between the pivot 43 and the hammer 28, almost spindly in appearance.
  • This construction is, of course, an extension of the effort to remove mass and inertia from the printing mechanism.
  • Curtailment of the amount of material employed in the portion of the solenoid armature arm 17 between the pivot 43 and the point of contact with the hammer 28 is especially important, since the distance between these two points is relatively large, and the moment of inertia contribution of any mass located so far out on the arm is thereby made large. (The moment of inertia ofa mass is proportional to the square of its distance from the axis of rotation.)
  • solenoid armature arms such as 17 in the FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiment of a high-speed printer, are the frequent site for material fatigue limitations to be encountered in printing mechanism design. Since the mechanism designer must provide for long operating life of the mechanism members despite the possibility of fatigue failure in mechanism materials, he is usually faced with the alternatives of 1) increasing the amount of material in the armature arm, an election which increases the unproductive mass which must be accelerated and decelerated during each operating cycle and which thereby either increases the energy-dissipating requirements of the printer or increases the time of a printer-operating cycle, or (2) decreasing the stress induced into the armature arm of a given size and weight, so that fatigue failure does not occur within the desired operating life. Decreasing stress induced into the armature arm has, in the past, entailed decreasing the operating speed and the operating energy level of the printer.
  • the solenoid armature arm 17 in the FIG. 1 embodiment of a printing mechanism was susceptible to catastrophic mechanical failure from a fatigue fracture developing after a few million operations.
  • this fracture commences in the corner region wherein the solenoid armature arm 17 and the mass of the solenoid armature member 86 are joined into a single assembly in conventional mechanism designs.
  • the use of fillets is effective to move the point of commencement for this failure away from the extreme corner between the members 17 and 86; however, failure invariably commences somewhere in the region associated with the corner even when the best conceivable fillet design is employed.
  • the resilient coupling between members may be tailored to have sufficient rigidity for efficient transmission of the relatively large motion induced by exciting the solenoid assembly 54, yet have sufficient flexibility to yield under the high-magnitude forces induced by impact acceleration and deceleration of the two masses.
  • the relatively large mass of the solenoid armature member 86 joins with the resilience in the arm 17 to oscillate at some natural frequency upon sudden change of their velocity by an impact; this oscillation produces rapid flexing of the arm 17 at each impact event, whether the impact occurs at the solenoid end of the arm 17 or at its hammer end.
  • the resilient coupling present in the system and used to connect a large part of the inertia load to the system, the energy represented by this oscillatory motion can be dissipated without undue flexing ofthe arm 17.
  • the arm 17 With the resilient coupling between the armature member 86 and the arm 17, flexibility of the arm 17 is maintained throughout its length without diminishment, by attachment of the rigid massive armature member 86; hence, the arm 17 is capable of gradual deflection under load without encountering a region of abrupt change from no deflection to substantial deflection. This gradual deflection under load can be easily maintained within the elastic limit of the material of the arm 17 with good design practice, so that failure tendency near the point of abrupt change of rigidity is eliminated.
  • the isolation of the resilient coupling material 88 reduces the effective structural entity from a composite structure having both the arm 17 and the armature member 86 as components to simply the individual parts, arm and armature.
  • Another advantage to be gained from the resilient coupling between the armature 86 and the armature arm 17 in the FIGS. 1 and 2 printing mechanism lies in the lack of perfect resilience in the coupling material 88; since the coupling material, when exercised through a stretch-and-rebound cycle during operation of the printing mechanism, does not return to the mechanism all of the energy which it absorbs, an energy-dissipating device is made available for utilization in the printing mechanism. This energy-dissipating device is effective in curtailing the duration and the severity of the previously mentioned impact-induced oscillations in the armaturearmature-arm pair 86-17.
  • Yet another advantage to be gained from the resilient coupling between the armature 86 and the armature arm 17 lies in the ability of the resilient coupling material 88 to transmit large forces into the fragile armature arm 17 without inducing stress concentrations into the armature arm at the point of attachment between the armature and the armature arm. Transmission of large forces into a small area of the arm 17 has also been found to be destructive to the material used in the arm 17.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawing shows a cutaway view of the technique employed to accomplish the resilient coupling of the two members 17 and 86.
  • FIG. 2A shows an end view of the armature structure shown in FIG. 2 and especially shows in detail the slot which is cut into the armature member 86 for arm attachment purposes;
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the configuration of the members within the slot.
  • the line 96 represents a cutting away of the armature member 86, so that the interior construction of the resilient coupling may be observed.
  • the material 88 comprises elastic resilient media used to join the two parts 17 and 86. This material is in turn cut away by the line 95 to reveal the solenoid armature arm 17 as it exists inside the elastic coupling.
  • the dotted line 98 shows the normal extent of the solenoid armature member 86 onto the solenoid armature arm 17.
  • the resilient coupling material 88 completely surrounds the solenoid armature arm 17 and provides the sole means for force transmittal from the solenoid armature member 86 to the armature arm 17; in the configuration of FIGS. 1 and 2, force is transmitted through the resilient coupling primarily by shear stresses in the coupling.
  • interfaces at 104 and 105 are composed of the bonding cement.
  • a bonding cement such as Thixon AM-2, manufactured by Dayton Chemical Laboratories, Incorporated, West Alexandria, Ohio, United States of America has been found suitable for this purpose in the present embodiment. Thixon is a trademark of the foregoing company.
  • thermal bonding cement it has been found desirable to wait at least 2 hours but not more than 48 hours to perform the molding operation. in order that the cement solvent have adequate time to dissipate while yet insuring usage of active bonding cement.
  • the moldable material or resilient coupling material 88 used in the above fabricating process in the FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiment of the invention may be an acrylonitrile butadiene rubber or, as it is more commonly referred to, a nitryl rubber NBR polymer; this particular material is curable to the state of a hard rubber, having hardness measure near on the Shore A Durometer scale. When the material contains the dispersed oxide filler, as described below, it has a hardness near on the Shore A scale, or about 40 on the Shore D scale.
  • a nitryl rubber material found satisfactory for the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings is designated I-Iycar NBR Polymer by its manufacture, B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company. Hycar is a trademark of the foregoing company.
  • the curved arrow lines 87 designates a portion of the circular path which is followed by the magnetic flux induced into the solenoid by the electrical windings l3 and 91; the curved arrow lines 87 designate the part of this circular path which lies within the yoke portion 11.
  • the complete circular path followed by the flux from the windings l3 and 91 embraces the curved arrow part 87, the two air gaps 93, and the armature 86. Flux is minimized in the yoke portion containing the pivot 43 by polarizing the windings l3 and 91 to have a North magnetic pole at the top of one winding and at the bottom of the other winding. (If both windings had a North magnetic pole at their top, the resulting flux would flow in the yoke portion containing the pivot 43.)
  • the region 102 is the smallest cross-sectional area which must be threaded by the flux flowing along the described circular path, it acts as a limitation upon the quantity of flux which can flow in the circular path.
  • This flux limitation can be significant in determining the maximum force generatable by the coils 13 and 9] of the solenoid assembly 54; and in turn determining the maximum closure force and operating speed of the overall printer hammer assembly.
  • Several alternatives may be pursued in order that this flux limitation be circumvented.
  • One such alternative would involve the use of an armature member which provides a larger cross-sectional area at 102; such an armature member would be greater in overall height and would have greatly increased mass over the FIG. 2 armature member, however. Since fast operation of the printer mechanism dictates that the solenoid assembly 54 have the lowest possible moving mass, it is desirable to avoid this larger armature solution to the restricted region 102 in favor ofa solution which utilizes iron material already present in the mechanism for structural purposes.
  • a better solution to the quantity of flux limitation at 102 is to permit magnetic flux to flow into the armature arm 17, so that a path shunting the region 102 is afforded by iron material which is already part of the solenoid assembly.
  • the armature arm 17 In order to accomplish this and permit the armature arm 17 to be an actual and effective part of the magnetic path, it is necessary that a low reluctance flux path through the arm 17 be generated and that this new fiux path have a total reluctance comparable to that of the primary path through the restricted region 102.
  • One way in which magnetic properties may be achieved within the resilient coupling is through dispersing magnetically conductive particles in the otherwise nonmagnetic resilient material.
  • iron oxide particles have been found satisfactory.
  • an iron oxide which consists of particles of Fe O magnetic oxide has been found particularly satisfactory for this use.
  • the magnetic retentivity and coercive force properties of Fe O iron oxide provide desirable operating characteristics for the magnetic circuit.
  • other embodiments of a printer and other applications ofthe resilient magnetic coupling could make use of the differing magnetic properties of other oxides of iron such as mo, or of finely divided metallic magnetic material such as iron or of ferrite for dispersion into the resilient coupling material.
  • a different degree of residual magnetism or magnetic bias could be provided for the magnetic circuit if one of the materials commonly employed in coating magnetic tapes and magnetic discs was employed as the material dispersed into the resilient coupling material.
  • MO-4230 a form of Fe O iron oxide which is classified as Ferroso-Ferric Oxide and designated as MO-4230 by its manufacturer, Pfizer Minerals Pigments and Metals Division, gives satisfactory performance in the resilient coupling.
  • MO-4230 form of l e-,0. has an acicular or needle-shaped particle having a length of 0.55 micron and a width of 0.08
  • the manufacture lists magnetic properties of the MO-4230 material as follows:
  • this ISO-milligrams of material is placed in an arma ture slot which is approximately seven thirty seconds of an inch in depth and twenty-nine thirty-seconds of an inch long;
  • the solenoid armature arm 17 in FIG. 2A is approximately 0.040 ol'an inch in thickness;
  • the overall slot width is approximately 0.070 of an inch; and
  • the resilient material is about 0.0[5 of an inch in thickness on all sides of the armature arm l7.
  • Dispersion of the F0 0,, powder into the elastomeric NBR material in the FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiment ol'the invention has been found to be conveniently accomplished while the NBR is in a viscous state and is processed on a rolling mill.
  • a wetting agent such as a sodium alkyl sulfate complex powder, to assist in quickly and uniformly spreading the magnetic material into the NBR elastomer.
  • concentrations of magnetic material could be used in the resilient coupling and yet fall within the scope of this invention.
  • concentration of magnetic material within the coupling is that the elastomeric material not be so heavily loaded with magnetic particles as to lose its desirable properties of resilience, flexure tolerance, and shear resistance on the one hand and that the composite magnetic-resilient material have sufficient magnetic properties to be useful in transmitting flux on the other hand.
  • a homogeneous resilient magnetic material which does not depend upon the dispersion of particles but inherently has both resilient and magnetic properties could be employed in the magnetic coupling if such a material is found.
  • a resilient magnetic coupling such as that described herein may also be applied in such mechanisms as electromechanical relays, electromagnetic clutches and brakes, and magnetic transducers, and in any similar mechanisms wherein magnetic flux and mechanical movement are present.
  • a magnetic solenoid device comprising:
  • a movable magnetic armature member having a cutaway region therein, said cutaway region being of such dimensions as to intercept a portion of the magnetic flux set up within said armature member during actuation of said solenoid device;
  • a movable connecting member of magnetic material for transferring kinetic energy between said armature member and a mass-possessing load member, said connecting member having an attachable end portion of a shape and size which mates with said cutaway region of said armature member;
  • a magnetic solenoid device as in claim 8 wherein said acrylonitrile butadiene rubber coupling material is a flowable rubber compound having a hardness near 95 on the Shore A durometer scale after said particles of Fe O. iron oxide are dispersed therein and curing is accomplished.
  • An impact-excited high-speed mechanism comprising:
  • an electrical exciting coil having electrical windings for conducting exciting current and introducing magnetic flux into said yoke member
  • a magnetically conductive solenoid armature output member which is movable between a home and an energized position and is matable with said yoke member;
  • a resilient coupling for nonrigidly joining said solenoid armature output member and said inertia-possessing load member comprising:
  • nonmetallic elastomeric body portion physically located between said solenoid armature output member and said load member and having large contact surface with each of said members so as to distribute coupling stresses over an area of said members
  • first bonding interface having on one side thereof said load member and on the other side thereof material having affinity for said elastomeric body portion
  • said resilient coupling permits rapid and high acceleration operation of said mechanism with decreased member flexure and deformation so as to increase operating life of said mechanisms.
  • inertia-possessing load member is composed of magnetic flux conductive ferromagnetic material and said magnetically conductive solenoid armature output member is configured to have a flux path extending through a major portion thereof and said inertia-possessing load member is coupled to said solenoid armature output member adjacent said flux path so that said inertia-possessing load member, which is separated from said magnetically conductive solenoid output member by said resilient coupling, conducts a portion of said magnetic flux generated by said electrical windings.
  • said rubber coupling member having Fe O iron oxide particles dispersed therein being composed of rubber material capable of existing in a viscous, transfer-moldable state and capable of being cured into a state having a hardness near on the Shore A durometer scale and said Fe O iron oxide particles having an acicular shape with a length less than 1 micron, 1
  • said rubber coupling member being formed to have a U- shaped cross section surrounding a portion of said inertiapossessing load member and being surrounded by said solenoid armature output member so that force transmission between said inertia-possessing load member and said solenoid armature output member occurs primarily by way of shear forces along the sides of said U-shaped rubber coupling member,
  • said first and second bonding interface material having affinity for said elastomeric body portion is a nitrile rubber adhesive so that said coupling member provides bonding and mechanical damping and magnetic permeability between said inertia-possessing load member and said solenoid armature output member.
  • Fatigue-resistant movable high-speed magnetic apparatus having low mechanical inertia and large magnetic flux conductivity, said apparatus comprising:
  • a first magnetically conductive movably mounted member of said high-speed magnetic apparatus said first member inherently including a first quantity of mass, a first degree of structural resistance to impact-accelerated deforma tion and also including a region of magnetically limiting magnetic cross section area, said first member being magnetically coupled via air gap means with a magnetic excitation means;
  • a second magnetically conductive movably mounted member of said high-speed magnetic apparatus said second member inherently including a second quantity of mass, a second degree of structural resistance to impactaccelerated deformation, different from said first degree of structural resistance in said first member, and also including means for mating with said first member adjacent said region of magnetically limiting magnetic cross section area;
  • a resilient magnetically conductive coupling member located between said first member region of magnetically limiting magnetic cross section area and said second member means for mating and connected by permanent attachment with each of said first and second members, said resilient magnetically conductive coupling member having a composition inclusive of an organic material body dispersed with particles of magnetically conductive material;
  • said magnetically conductive coupling member reduces the flux-transmitting cross section area and the mass necessary in said first member by allowing supplemental flux conduction in said second member while also allowing small stress-relieving relative motion between said first and second members during impact acceleration of the first and second quantities of mass inherent in said members, thereby limiting fatigue-inducing deformation in said members of differing structural rigidity during said impact acceleration while yet transmitting the desired gross mechanical motion between said members.
  • Fatigue-resistant apparatus as in claim 18 wherein said organic material is a rubber compound and said particles of magnetically conductive material are iron oxide particles.
  • Fatigue-resistant apparatus as in claim 19 wherein said rubber compound includes acrylonitrile butadiene as a component.
  • Fatigue-resistant apparatus as in claim 19 wherein said rubber compound, including said particles of magnetically conductive material, has a post-curing hardness near on the Shore A durometer scale.
  • said resilient magnetically conductive coupling member includes rubber-to-metal bonding material means for attaching said organic material to said first and second magnetically conductive movably mounted members.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Impact Printers (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US863812A 1969-10-06 1969-10-06 Resilient magnetic coupling Expired - Lifetime US3652965A (en)

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US86381269A 1969-10-06 1969-10-06

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US (1) US3652965A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE757079A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH515590A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE7036653U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1258020A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA706422B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4282503A (en) * 1978-09-07 1981-08-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetic device
JPS5783706U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1981-08-08 1982-05-24
US5418069A (en) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-23 Learman; Thomas J. Formable composite magnetic flux concentrator and method of making the concentrator
US5529747A (en) * 1993-11-10 1996-06-25 Learflux, Inc. Formable composite magnetic flux concentrator and method of making the concentrator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4282503A (en) * 1978-09-07 1981-08-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromagnetic device
JPS5783706U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1981-08-08 1982-05-24
US5418069A (en) * 1993-11-10 1995-05-23 Learman; Thomas J. Formable composite magnetic flux concentrator and method of making the concentrator
US5529747A (en) * 1993-11-10 1996-06-25 Learflux, Inc. Formable composite magnetic flux concentrator and method of making the concentrator
US5828940A (en) * 1993-11-10 1998-10-27 Learflux Inc. Formable composite magnetic flux concentrator and method of making the concentrator

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Publication number Publication date
DE2048706A1 (de) 1971-04-22
CH515590A (de) 1971-11-15
BE757079A (fr) 1971-03-16
GB1258020A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-22
ZA706422B (en) 1971-05-27
DE2048706B2 (de) 1972-07-13
DE7036653U (de) 1973-08-02

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