US3645276A - Method of manufacturing wigs and resulting products - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing wigs and resulting products Download PDF

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Publication number
US3645276A
US3645276A US133539A US3645276DA US3645276A US 3645276 A US3645276 A US 3645276A US 133539 A US133539 A US 133539A US 3645276D A US3645276D A US 3645276DA US 3645276 A US3645276 A US 3645276A
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Prior art keywords
foundation
fibers
knot
synthetic fibers
bight
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Expired - Lifetime
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US133539A
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English (en)
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Chaihyung Cho
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IDEAL WIG CO Inc
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IDEAL WIG CO Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G3/00—Wigs
    • A41G3/0066—Planting hair on bases for wigs

Definitions

  • Natural hair comes in a number of colors and in a number of qualities and textures. It must be gathered from various sources throughout the world and must be mixed and matched with an appreciation of color, quality and texture. The gathering of natural hair from the various sources and the techniques involved in making good quality wigs from natural hair are material factors in the cost of manufacture. Hence, there have been numerous efforts to substitute synthetic fibers for natural hair so that quality texture and color can be readily controlled and so that sources are more readily available.
  • modacrylics Three types of fibers which are currently being used for wigs with substantial success are modacrylics, polyvinyl chlorides and polychal or copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinyl alcohol. These are all flame resistant and have preferred characteristics with respect to hand, combing, brushing and teasing.
  • Dynel which is a modacrylic produced by Union Carbide Corporation has especially good characteristics with respect to curling and forms curls which are very durable.
  • suitable modacrylics include, by way of example, Kanekalon (made by Kanegafuchi Chem. Co.), Teklan (made by Courtaulds Ltd.) and Verel (made by Eastman Kodak).
  • Venicelon (made by Chatillon) is a polyvinyl chloride fiber as are Seflore, Airfull and Cordelon (made by Kohjin Chemical Co.).
  • Modacrylics are synthetic fibers in which the fiber forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of less than 85 percent but at least 35 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units with certain exceptions. These fibers soften at low temperatures and are resilient, easy to dye, abrasion resistant, resistant to acids and alkalies, and shape retentive.
  • Synthetic fibers may require a certain type of handling when used in the making of wigs.
  • modacrylics must be baked or thermally processed at about 90-100 Centigrade when incorporated into a wig in order to take on and maintain the particular curl which is desired.
  • such fibers, after being thermally processed, may not be subjected to certain kinds of stresses or else they will exhibit a marked tendency to frizz and otherwise take on undesirable characteristics.
  • caps must be made from a plurality of pieces which are subsequently bound together.
  • the reason for this is that, when alone, the fibers together with their foundations must be wound on the rollers for thermal processing and this is possible only when the foundation is formed in sections. As a result, unsightly and possibly uncomfortable seams are formed which are preferably to be avoided.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved technique whereby it is possible to process fibers such that a curl may be imparted to the same throughout their entire lengths including immediately adjacent the associated foundation.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a wig making technique whereby wigs can be made of synthetic fibers with a cap which may be in major portion of a single unitary piece.
  • Yet a further object is to avoid the tying of fibers in such a manner that they lie flatly against their foundations and so that the fibers allow flexibility and versatility of style because they stand out from their foundations in the same manner that hair grows from a scalp.
  • a method of manufacturing a postiche such as a wig formed, for example, of a cap or net foundation and synthetic fibers the method generally comprising thermally processing the fibers to impart thereto curl retaining characteristics and thereafter binding the fibers to the cap or net foundation with knots which are of a type which avoids imparting stress to a major portion of each of the fibers whereby this major portion is enabled to retain the aforesaid characteristics.
  • the above method is practiced and the aforesaid objects are achieved by employing a special knot which can be tied with conventional wig manufacturing equipment while enabling a hair simulating, major portion of each fiber to go unstressed, since it neither is passed through the knot or net foundation nor need it be pulled in order to tighten the associated knot.
  • an end portion of each fiber is formed into a bight such that relatively long and short portions extend from the bight at preferably 7 I
  • an enclosure is formed by cooperation of the loop and bight and through this enclosure the short portion mentioned hereinabove is inserted whereafter a tensile force applied to the short portion locks the short portion in the enclosure to complete the operation.
  • the fibers may be thermally processed before incorporation into the cap or foundation since the long portion of each fiber is not subjected to the deteriorating action of undesirable stresses. Accordingly, the fibers may, for example, be wound on a cylinder and baked at a suitable temperature whcreafter the thusly processed fibers are taken from the cylinder and individually or in groups knotted to the net foundation in the manner indicated hereinabove.
  • the invention also provides improved products.
  • a knot is formed causing the associated fiber to protrude from the foundation at approximately a right angle thereto. For this reason the simulated hair stands up from the associated foundation in very much the same manner as natural hair grows from a scalp.
  • the invention provides a number of advantages as will become more apparent hereinafter. It will especially be noted hereinafter that since the synthetic fibers are thermally processed on a cylinder and before being tied to a net foundation or cap, these fibers may be given favorable characteristics such as a wave or curl along their entire lengths and do not DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Its cap consists of sections 12 and I4 connected along a seam l6 and a number of tapes are connected to the cap as indicated for example at 18. Synthetic fibers are connected to the cap sections as well as to the tapes and are intended to simulate natural hair.
  • One of the reasons why the cap or net foundation is employed in sections is to facilitate the thermal processing of synthetic fibers which are connected thereto.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a wig or postiche 20 which has been prepared in accordance with the techniques of the invention.
  • the cap is essentially a one-piece net foundation 22 to which may be affixed, for example, tapes 24 and 26, to the latter of which the fringe areas of synthetic fibers are attached to simulate hair, these synthetic fibers being moreover attached to the one-piece net foundation 22 according to the technique of the invention.
  • the fibers are attached to the net foundation by a new technique which avoids imparta ing stress to the major portion of each fiber and the invention capitalizes upon this improved result by employing a thermal have straight lengths immediately adjacent the associated foundations. It is a further advantage-of the invention, as well as feature thereof, that the synthetic fibers extend in upright manner from their foundation.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of a wig of the prior art turned inside out to illustrate the construction thereof;
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 of a wig or postiche prepared in accordance with the invention
  • FIGS. 3(,a)-(d) illustrate the single knotting" technique of the prior art employed for connecting natural hair or synthetic fibers to a net foundation
  • FIGS. 4(a)-(f) show the .double knotting techniques of the prior art for connecting natural hair or synthetic fibers to a net foundation
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a section through a small portion of a net foundation having hair or fibers connected thereto in accordance with the prior art
  • FIGS. 6(a)-(f) illustrate a semidouble knotting technique cordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram generally illustrating the steps of manufacturing a wig or postiche in accordance with the invention.
  • the synthetic fibers can be processed along the entire lengths thereof so that straight sections will not occur adjacent the net foundation as is characteristic of the handmade postiches manufactured in accordance with I previously known techniques.
  • the knotting technique of the invention leads to a superior geometrical relationship between the synthetic fibers which simulate hair and the supporting net foundation, thesynthetic fibers standingapproximately perpendicular with respect to the net foundation and not lying flatly thereagainst as was characteristic. of previously known techniques. This geometrical relationship more nearly approaches that of the natural hair relative to the scalp from which is grows and is therefore a very desirable feature of the invention.
  • FIGS. 3(a)(d) One such technique is illustrated in FIGS. 3(a)(d) wherein appear generally the four steps of the single knotting metal instrument or pick which is generally employed in the.
  • This pick is then employed to double the bight around the thread 30 to form an enclosure 40.
  • the pick is then" employed to pull the long and short portions 34 and 36 together through the enclosure as indicated at 42. Portions 34 and 36 are pulled entirely through the enclosure and then further pulled until the formation of a knot occurs as indicated at 44 in FIG. 3(d).
  • FIG. 4 Another prior art technique is illustrated in FIG. 4 wherein appears a thread 50 of a net foundation.
  • a synthetic fiber 52 is doubled back on itself to form a short portion 54 and a long portion 56 and a bight 58 is, as in the previously described technique, drawn through the net foundation and in back of thread 50.
  • Bight 58 is then drawn to the front of thread 50 to form an enclosure 60 and, as shown in FIG. 4(c), a loop 62 is drawn through enclosure 60 and is formed of parts of portions 54 and 56 which are next adjacent the bight 58.
  • the bight 58 forms with the loop 62 an enclosure 64 and as appears in FIGS. 4(d) and 4(e), the portions 54 and 56 are together drawn through the closure 64 and subjected to a tensile force in order to form the knot 66 which appears in FIG. 4(f).
  • FIG. 5 Another objection to the single and double knotting techniques of FIGS. 3 and 4 appears in FIG. 5 wherein is seen i the net foundation 70 with synthetic fibers 72 connected thereto. As is apparent from the illustration, the fibers tend to lie flatly along the net foundation in a manner which is unlike the natural condition of the scalp from which the natural hair grows perpendicularly or approximately so.
  • FIGS. 6(a)( f) An improved knotting technique of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 6(a)( f) wherein appears a thread 80 from the improved net foundation which may be employed in accordance with the invention.
  • a fiber 82 doubled back on itself to have a long portion 84 and a short portion 86.
  • a bight 88 is formed and passed behind thread 80 and looped around to form an enclosure 90.
  • a loop 92 consisting of fiber sections 94 and 96 which connect the portions 84 and 86 to the bight 88. This loop defines an enclosure 98.
  • long portion 84 is not drawn through enclosure 98, nor is it drawn through the net foundation or through any other loop or enclosure whatsoever. Instead, the short portion 86 is separated therefrom, looped aroundthe bight 88 and drawn through the enclosure 98 which is in part formed by the loop 92 and in part by the bight 88, the short portion being at approximately a right angle to long portion 84.
  • a tensile force is applied to the short portion 86 alone, this tensile force being, for example, in the direction shown by arrow 100.
  • this tensile force being, for example, in the direction shown by arrow 100.
  • Short portion 86 is pulled until a knot 102 is formed as indicated in FIG. 6(f).
  • the formation of this knot and the application to force to short portion 86 is such that the long portion 84 is caused to stand at a right angle to the thread 80 and short portion 86 as appears more clearly in the diagrammatic showing of FIG. 6(f).
  • FIG. 7 appears a portion of a net foundation 104 having fibers 106 standing approximately upright therefrom in a disposition which more nearly simulates that of natural hair.
  • net foundations For example, a commercially available stretchable net material IS available under the designation Spandex.” It comprises 40 percent of polyurethane yarn of 420 denier and 60 percent of nylon filaments of 70 denier and is made with elastic warp knitting with the well-known German Karl Mayer machine. Other net foundation materials may be employed but will preferably be such as to take advantage of the improvements of the invention.
  • the fibers employed in accordance with the invention will preferably be modacrylics such as, for example, Dynel.
  • Other synthetic fibers such as have been mentioned hereinabove and others may also be employed. These synthetic fibers have been used before in the manufacture of postiches, but have not heretofore been employed in accordance with the improved knotting technique disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 9 indicates generally the steps of preparing a wig employing the knotting technique of the invention.
  • the first step indicated at 110 is the fiber manufacturing step which is commercially known and the details of which are not a part of the present invention.
  • the synthetic fibers are thereafter incorporated into the postiche as indicated at 1 18.
  • the invention contemplates the thermal treatment of fibers before the incorporation of the same into a wig or the like, this preliminary thermal treatment being made possible by the use of a special knot which enables synthetic fibers to be bound to net foundations without subjecting the major portions of such fibers to stresses or frictional drags which might harm the characteristics thereof.
  • the long and short portions are so related that the long portions stand generally upright adjacent the foundation.
  • a postiche comprising a net foundation and synthetic fibers connected to said foundation, said fibers each including a long portion for simulating natural hair, a short portion and knot means connecting said portions, said knot means being of a construction adapted for being tightened by aforce applied to the short portion alone and being moreover adapted to hold the long portion at least in part upright relative to said foundation and, at least generally, at a right angle with respect to said short portion, said knot means including a bight and a loop extending through said bight, said loop connecting said portions to said bight with the short portion extending through and the long portion lying outside of said loop.
  • knot means is moreover of a construction adapted for being formed without drawing the long portion through the foundation and knot means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US133539A 1971-04-13 1971-04-13 Method of manufacturing wigs and resulting products Expired - Lifetime US3645276A (en)

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US13353971A 1971-04-13 1971-04-13

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AU (1) AU3180471A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2132616A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4834119A (en) * 1986-05-22 1989-05-30 Shiro Yamada Artificial hair for hair implantation and method of preparation
US5957139A (en) * 1994-11-24 1999-09-28 Interlego Ag Method of producing a wig for a toy figure
US7331351B1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2008-02-19 Teruyoshi Asai Wigs and methods of wig manufacture
EP1929890A4 (en) * 2005-09-27 2009-01-21 Aderans Holdings Co Ltd TOOL FOR IMPLANTING HAIR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
US20090199861A1 (en) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-13 Joseph Paris Medical hair prosthesis system
CN103099365A (zh) * 2011-11-10 2013-05-15 青岛海森林进出口有限公司 一种用于网状材料的毛发结扣构件及其制造方法
CN103720102A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-16 中原工学院 编结装置编结发帘的制备方法
CN104738859A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 中原工学院 链锁装置制备发帘的方法
JP2015209624A (ja) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-24 株式会社スヴェンソン かつらベースに毛髪を結び付ける方法、毛髪の結び目構造、かつら、及び植毛治具
JP2020026602A (ja) * 2018-08-17 2020-02-20 株式会社アートネイチャー かつらベースに毛髪を結ぶ方法、かつらベースにおける毛髪の結び目、及びかつら

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4302491A (en) * 1977-11-07 1981-11-24 George Papageorgiou Hair simulating fiber

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3189035A (en) * 1963-01-31 1965-06-15 Walter Heck Hairpieces Inc Method of making a hairpiece
US3561457A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-02-09 Irene A Duesel Three position wiglet

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3189035A (en) * 1963-01-31 1965-06-15 Walter Heck Hairpieces Inc Method of making a hairpiece
US3561457A (en) * 1968-12-26 1971-02-09 Irene A Duesel Three position wiglet

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4834119A (en) * 1986-05-22 1989-05-30 Shiro Yamada Artificial hair for hair implantation and method of preparation
US5957139A (en) * 1994-11-24 1999-09-28 Interlego Ag Method of producing a wig for a toy figure
US7331351B1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2008-02-19 Teruyoshi Asai Wigs and methods of wig manufacture
EP1929890A4 (en) * 2005-09-27 2009-01-21 Aderans Holdings Co Ltd TOOL FOR IMPLANTING HAIR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
US8104486B2 (en) * 2005-09-27 2012-01-31 Unihair Co., Ltd. Hair-increasing device and method of producing the same
US20100163069A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2010-07-01 Sakiko Imai Hair-increasing device and method of producing the same
US8042553B2 (en) * 2008-02-07 2011-10-25 Joseph Paris Medical hair prosthesis system
US20090199861A1 (en) * 2008-02-07 2009-08-13 Joseph Paris Medical hair prosthesis system
CN103099365A (zh) * 2011-11-10 2013-05-15 青岛海森林进出口有限公司 一种用于网状材料的毛发结扣构件及其制造方法
CN103099365B (zh) * 2011-11-10 2016-12-07 青岛海森林进出口有限公司 一种用于网状材料的毛发结扣构件及其制造方法
CN103720102A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-16 中原工学院 编结装置编结发帘的制备方法
CN104738859A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 中原工学院 链锁装置制备发帘的方法
CN103720102B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2016-04-27 中原工学院 编结装置编结发帘的制备方法
JP2015209624A (ja) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-24 株式会社スヴェンソン かつらベースに毛髪を結び付ける方法、毛髪の結び目構造、かつら、及び植毛治具
JP2020026602A (ja) * 2018-08-17 2020-02-20 株式会社アートネイチャー かつらベースに毛髪を結ぶ方法、かつらベースにおける毛髪の結び目、及びかつら

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AU3180471A (en) 1973-02-01
FR2132616A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-24

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