US3630424A - Drilled nonported vacuum drum - Google Patents

Drilled nonported vacuum drum Download PDF

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Publication number
US3630424A
US3630424A US46946A US3630424DA US3630424A US 3630424 A US3630424 A US 3630424A US 46946 A US46946 A US 46946A US 3630424D A US3630424D A US 3630424DA US 3630424 A US3630424 A US 3630424A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
drum
web
holes
grooves
inches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US46946A
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English (en)
Inventor
John A Rau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3630424A publication Critical patent/US3630424A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H27/00—Special constructions, e.g. surface features, of feed or guide rollers for webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
    • B65H2404/10—Rollers
    • B65H2404/13—Details of longitudinal profile
    • B65H2404/136—Details of longitudinal profile with canals
    • B65H2404/1362—Details of longitudinal profile with canals vacuum

Definitions

  • a vacuum drum for gripping and feeding a web has its periphery provided with a pattern of drilled holes each having a diameter of 0.060 inches or less, said pattern of holes having a distribution such that is not lessthaniltJ S or- Such a drum requires no porting and will accommodate webs of varying widths, some of which may not completely cover all holes in the drum surface.
  • Vacuum drums are used in web conveying machines. Their function is to hold the web firmly to their surface, without slip between the web and the drum, thus controlling the speed of the web, and/or isolating the entering tension from the leaving tension.
  • vacuum drums are used to handle webs l6mm. to at least 55 inchesin width, and at speeds to at least 1,000 f.p.m.
  • vacuum drums There are two general types of vacuum drums which are commonly used. One, the older of the two, has drilled holes through its shell. Vacuum is supplied to the holes from the drum interior as the drum rotates. The holes used in such drums are so large (A to 3/16 inches diameter) that a porting, or rotary valving system is assigned the switching function of disconnecting the vacuum supply from that portion of the drum not covered by the web.
  • the other type of vacuum drum is made from a porous material and uses no porting. Air is pulled through the pores even in those areas not covered by the web.
  • the porous material vacuum drum has a very simple configuration. It consists of a she made from some porous material. The shell is closed at both ends by means of gudgeons, one or both of which accommodates bearings so that the drum can turn. Vacuum is supplied to the center of one or both drum ends by means of a simple rotary joint. Advantages of the porous drum are its simplicity of construction, its relatively low cost (though the porous material is expensive), and its ability to accommodate webs of varying width.
  • the ported vacuum drum comprises two basic assemblies: the rotating shell and a stationary porting or valving unit.
  • the shell is perforated with holes which communicate with the porting system in such a way that, only when a hole is covered by the web is the hole connected to the vacuum supply.
  • Porting systems are of two types: one is a stationary core inside of the rotating drum, the other has stationary end plates.
  • the drum surface may be grooved or channelled to improve its high-speed performance. Disadvantages of a ported drum include its complexity and consequent high cost, and its inability to accommodate webs of different widths unless the porting system is made axially adjustable, and hence is even more complex and costly.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a drilled, nonported vacuum drum which combines the advantages of both of the above described known vacuum drums and has none of their disadvantages. It can be made from commonly available material, no special shop skills are required in its fabrication, its design is simple, it is easily kept clean, it can be given a polished surface so as not to damage the web passed thereover, it is usable with webs of varying widths, and is relatively inexpensive.
  • FIG. I is a longititudinal view of a drilled vacuum drum, partly in section;
  • FIGS. 2-10 are developed views of portions of vacuum drums having hole and groove patterns according to different embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional detail showing the preferred shape of the grooves
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 are enlarged schematic views showing the relative holding power and characteristics of wide and narrow grooves on a web.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing how the vacuum efficiency of a typical porous vacuum drum and a drilled nonported grooved drum according to the present invention varies with web speed.
  • Vacuum drums are used where it is necessary to separate two tensions in a web machine.
  • the tension in the web entering the drum may be higher or lower than that leaving the drum.
  • V H in the above formula is the average effective vacuum in the webdrum interface, measured in inches of Hg. Its value is lower than that applied internally to the drum because of the following: 1. In ill centering nip, where the incoming web first contacts the drum, air is trapped in the interface between the drum and the web. This air is at atmospheric pressure or even slightly higher in pressure. The vacuum inside of the drum does not become effective until this interfacial air has been sucked away.
  • V k V, Where k (vacuum efficiency) is an experimentally determined constant which depends upon the effectiveness of vacuum spreading in the web-drum interface and V, is the drum internal vacuum.
  • the airflow rate throughthe uncovered surface of the drum should be of the order of several cubic feet per minute, per square foot of drum surface.
  • That flow paths from all points in the web-drum interface to the nearest hole or groove be short (less than 0.05 inches).
  • the first requirement is satisfied by having adequate size and number of holes through the drum surface for drilled drums and by adequate porosity for porous drums.
  • the second requirement is satisfied by using a larger number of holes per unit of surface area or by using a system of grooves for drilled drums and is automatically satisfied for porous drums.
  • the drum is simply a closed shell with vacuum supplied to one or both ends and with a pattern of holes 11 extending through the drum surface.
  • vacuum is supplied to the drum, with the holes uncovered, air will flow through the holes into the drum.
  • a drilled, nonported vacuum drum according to the present invention is essentially like the vacuum drum shown in FIG. I, but has the following unique features schematically illustrated in FIGS. 2-10 where a developed portion of vacuum drums constructed according to different embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.
  • Vacuum is supplied to the drum surface 10' by a minimum number of small holes 11'.
  • small holes I mean holes which are less than 0.060 inches in diameter.
  • Vacuum is spread over the drum surface by a system of closely spaced small grooves, I2.
  • Holes less than 0.060 inches in diameter are used because they have been found to be sufficiently strong restrictors of air flow compared to conventional vacuum supply lines, and yet when they are properly spaced on the surface of the drum they allow sufficient flow to allow good high web speed operation.
  • the air flow rate per square foot of exposed drum surface is given by $65 ndfiin units of standard cubic feet per minute.
  • the groove system in order that it work well, that is, result in high efiiciencies, should be composed of small, closely spaced parallel grooves. Good results, vacuum efficiency 50 percent, have been obtained with groove spacing of IS grooves per inch where the grooves were triangular in cross section 0.010 inches deep and 0.10 inches wide, as shown in FIG. 2. The exact cross-sectional shape of the groove is not important. Experiments have shown that wide grooves hold only slightly better than narrow grooves (at the same vacuum level) and that thin webs are held slightly better than thick webs.
  • a feed slot 13 deeper and/or wider than the grooves I2 is used to connect the holes 11' to the grooves.
  • Either axial or circumferential grooves may be used as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively. Circumferential grooves are more suited to large wrap angles where leakage into the groove system at the web nips is not a major factor.
  • FIG. 4 shows a design using axial grooves 12
  • FIG. 5 shows a design using circumferential grooves 12. Note that when the narrow web is running on the drum, more holes in the drum are open to the atmosphere than when the wide web is running; but since small holes are used, this has a very small effect on the drum internal vacuum.
  • the narrow web cannot be referenced to one side of the drum, it can run in any axial position where the web will cover at least one circumferential row of holes. Since this then allows air leakage along the edges of the web into the groove system a loss in web holding ability will result. it has been found that this loss will not be more than one-half of the web holding ability with the groove system completely covered if:
  • Groove patterns may be arranged either axially or circumferentially of the drum. Circumferential patterns are easily cut on a lathe, axial grooves require milling or shaping. Either can be produced by chemical etching. Circumferential grooving should not be used with wrap angles of less than 90.
  • the overall groove pattern must be subdivided into subpatterns in such a way that, in those areas of the drum which may or may not be covered depending upon web width, each hole has its own subpattern or grid which communicate little, or not at all, with the grids of other holes.
  • the area of the drum which is covered by even the narrowest web may be designed like any nonvariablewidth drum.
  • an open-ended groove still provides useful holding power if the open end is at least one inch from the nearest hole communicating with it, and if the cross-sectional area of the hole is at least five times that of the groove.
  • FlGS. 6-10 are illustrations of several drums which have been built and satisfactorily tested.
  • the drum shown in FIG. 6 has a diameter of 7.5 inches, a width of 3 inches, has V grooves 0.030 inches wide, spaced 1 l grooves to the inch.
  • This drum had a value of k of 50 percent for an axially fully covered groove pattern.
  • the drum shown in FIG. 7 has a diameter of 7.5 inches, a width of 3 inches, has V grooves 0.010 inches wide, spaced 14.3 grooves per inch.
  • the k" of this drum for an axially fully covered groove pattern was 65 percent.
  • the drum shown in FIG. 9 is a variable width one having a diameter of 6 inches, a width of 10 inches, and V grooves 0.010 wide space 15 grooves per inch. This drum showed a k of 40-50 percent for an axially fully covered groove pattern.
  • the drum shown in FIG. 10 had a drum diameter of 7.5 inches, a drum width of 3 inches, and chemically milled grooves 0.007 inches wide and spaced 25 grooves per inch. With an axially fully covered groove pattern this drum showed a k of 65 percent.
  • FIG. 14 shows and compares vacuum efficiency as a function of web speed for a porous drum and the drilled, nonported drum of the present invention.
  • the drums were 8 inches in diameter, they were fully covered by a 70 mm. web, and they both had approximately the same interior vacuum, e.g., 2 inches of Hg.
  • These curves show that the porous drum has an efficiency of 70 percent over the speed range of 0-l,500 f.p.m. and starts dropping off rapidly at higher speeds.
  • the grooved, nonported drum has an efficiency of approximately 50 which remains constant over the test speed range (to 2,000 f.p.m.
  • porous drum is more efficient than the grooved drum is that its vacuum sources (pores) are more closely spaced and more numerous than the vacuum sources (grooves) of the grooved drum.
  • the efficiency of both drums respond differently to increasing speed.
  • the porous drum has a substantially constant vacuum efficiency throughout most of the test web speed; however, it does lose efficiency at high web speeds. This efficiency loss probably results because the drum flow capacity is taxed by the increased amounts of boundary layer air associated with high web speeds.
  • vacuum efficiency for the grooved drum remains substantially constant at 50 percent at high speeds, rather than showing a drop off at high speeds because its flow capacity is large enough to handle the associated boundary layer airflow at high speeds.
  • a grooved, nonported vacuum drum made in accordance with the present invention provides a vacuum drum design which has all of the advantages of both porous and drilled drums with none of the disadvantages of either of them.
  • the novelty of the present vacuum drum lies not so much in the use of holes and grooves per se, but in the proportioning of the dimensions of the holes and grooves in such a way as to obviate the necessity for complex porting arrangements used in conventional drilled drums to shut off the vacuum from that portion of the drum surface which is not covered by the web.
  • a web-feeding roll for gripping a web by suction comprismg a. a closed drum at least one end of which is adapted to be connected to means for producing a partial vacuum within the interior of said drum;
  • a web-feeding roll including a first series of narrow and shallow grooves in the surface of said drum and arranged in substantially parallel relation over the entire drum surface; and a second series of grooves in said drum surface having a larger cross section than the grooves of said first series, each of the grooves of said second series extending from a hole and at an angle through and across the grooves of said second series to place the grooves of said first series in communication with said holes for spreading the suction over the drum surface.
  • a web-feeding roll but adapted to feed variable width webs, characterized in that the overall groove pattern is subdivided into subpatterns in such a way that in those areas of the drum surface which may or may not be covered depending on web width, each hole has its own subpattern or grid which communicates little or not at all with the subpattern or grid of other holes.
  • a web-feeding roll characterize in that the groove pattern is arranged in such a way that the uncovered end of any groove, depending upon the width of the web passing over the drum, will be at least one inch from the nearest hole communicating with it and the cross-sectional area of the hole is at least five times that of the groove.

Landscapes

  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US46946A 1970-06-17 1970-06-17 Drilled nonported vacuum drum Expired - Lifetime US3630424A (en)

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US4694670A 1970-06-17 1970-06-17

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US (1) US3630424A (enExample)
BE (1) BE768670A (enExample)
CA (1) CA938626A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2129950A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2099138A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1355582A (enExample)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029249A (en) * 1974-09-12 1977-06-14 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Roller system for continuous transport of webs of sheeting
US4236660A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-12-02 Champion International Corporation Solenoid clutch mechanism
US4277010A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-07-07 John Dusenbery Company, Inc. Vacuum roller for transporting a web
US4504843A (en) * 1981-08-26 1985-03-12 Contraves Gmbh Surface structure for the drum of a recording device
US4705199A (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-11-10 Harris Graphics Corporation Vacuum drum for securing a film thereto
US4998658A (en) * 1988-12-27 1991-03-12 Eastman Kodak Company Drilled unported vacuum drum with a porous sleeve
US5053791A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-10-01 Eastman Kodak Company Thermal transfer print medium drum system
US5137758A (en) * 1991-03-27 1992-08-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus and method for coating flexible sheets while inhibiting curl
EP0637015A1 (en) * 1993-07-29 1995-02-01 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for removing air from between a master magnetic medium and a slave magnetic medium preceding anhysteretic transfer of signals from master to slave
US5448419A (en) * 1993-06-11 1995-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for anhysteretically recording from master drum to slave web
EP0705786A3 (en) * 1994-10-07 1996-11-20 Eastman Kodak Co Transport roller with a profiled surface for guiding ultra-thin webs and device with such a transport roller
US5581417A (en) * 1992-12-11 1996-12-03 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for anhysteretically recording from master drum to slave web
US6002419A (en) * 1997-01-21 1999-12-14 Eastman Kodak Company Vacuum imaging drum with an optimized surface
WO2000000693A1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Valmet Corporation Dryer section
US6235135B1 (en) * 1997-09-24 2001-05-22 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Process and drum for constructing a green tire
US8016745B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Monitoring of a food intake restriction device
US20190135567A1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2019-05-09 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Vacuum commutation apparatus and methods
US20210060884A1 (en) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-04 The Steelastic Company, Llc Transfer tooling for varying tire belt sizes

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3009325C2 (de) * 1980-03-11 1984-08-16 Vits-Maschinenbau Gmbh, 4018 Langenfeld Blasluftgespeiste Umlenkvorrichtung für Warenbahnen
DE3936286A1 (de) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-02 Agfa Gevaert Ag Saugwalzenanordnung zum foerdern einer materialbahn
DE4136738C2 (de) * 1991-11-05 1994-04-21 Aristo Graphic Systeme Vorrichtung zur Be- oder Verarbeitung einer Materialbahn
FI129278B (fi) * 2018-05-24 2021-11-15 Valmet Technologies Oy Uritettu ja rei’itetty kuiturainakoneen kääntötela

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2837330A (en) * 1956-05-21 1958-06-03 Honeywell Regulator Co Control apparatus
US3125265A (en) * 1964-03-17 Method and apparatus for scanning the surface of a moving web
US3204843A (en) * 1960-03-18 1965-09-07 Honeywell Inc Mechanical apparatus
US3521802A (en) * 1967-05-12 1970-07-28 Masson Scott Thrissell Eng Ltd Web guide members

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125265A (en) * 1964-03-17 Method and apparatus for scanning the surface of a moving web
US2837330A (en) * 1956-05-21 1958-06-03 Honeywell Regulator Co Control apparatus
US3204843A (en) * 1960-03-18 1965-09-07 Honeywell Inc Mechanical apparatus
US3521802A (en) * 1967-05-12 1970-07-28 Masson Scott Thrissell Eng Ltd Web guide members

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029249A (en) * 1974-09-12 1977-06-14 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Roller system for continuous transport of webs of sheeting
US4236660A (en) * 1979-01-26 1980-12-02 Champion International Corporation Solenoid clutch mechanism
US4277010A (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-07-07 John Dusenbery Company, Inc. Vacuum roller for transporting a web
US4504843A (en) * 1981-08-26 1985-03-12 Contraves Gmbh Surface structure for the drum of a recording device
US4705199A (en) * 1985-06-28 1987-11-10 Harris Graphics Corporation Vacuum drum for securing a film thereto
US4998658A (en) * 1988-12-27 1991-03-12 Eastman Kodak Company Drilled unported vacuum drum with a porous sleeve
US5053791A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-10-01 Eastman Kodak Company Thermal transfer print medium drum system
US5137758A (en) * 1991-03-27 1992-08-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Apparatus and method for coating flexible sheets while inhibiting curl
US5581417A (en) * 1992-12-11 1996-12-03 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for anhysteretically recording from master drum to slave web
US5448419A (en) * 1993-06-11 1995-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for anhysteretically recording from master drum to slave web
US5426535A (en) * 1993-07-29 1995-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for removing air from between a master magnetic medium and a slave magnetic medium preceding anhysteretic transfer of signals from master to slave
EP0637015A1 (en) * 1993-07-29 1995-02-01 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for removing air from between a master magnetic medium and a slave magnetic medium preceding anhysteretic transfer of signals from master to slave
EP0705786A3 (en) * 1994-10-07 1996-11-20 Eastman Kodak Co Transport roller with a profiled surface for guiding ultra-thin webs and device with such a transport roller
US6002419A (en) * 1997-01-21 1999-12-14 Eastman Kodak Company Vacuum imaging drum with an optimized surface
US6539998B2 (en) * 1997-09-24 2003-04-01 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Process and drum for constructing a green tire
US6235135B1 (en) * 1997-09-24 2001-05-22 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Process and drum for constructing a green tire
US6523278B1 (en) 1998-06-26 2003-02-25 Metso Paper, Inc. Dryer section
WO2000000693A1 (en) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Valmet Corporation Dryer section
US8016745B2 (en) 2005-02-24 2011-09-13 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Monitoring of a food intake restriction device
US20190135567A1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2019-05-09 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Vacuum commutation apparatus and methods
US10494216B2 (en) * 2015-07-24 2019-12-03 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Vacuum communication apparatus and methods
US20210060884A1 (en) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-04 The Steelastic Company, Llc Transfer tooling for varying tire belt sizes
US12179449B2 (en) * 2019-09-04 2024-12-31 The Steelastic Company, Llc Transfer tooling for varying tire belt sizes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE768670A (fr) 1971-11-03
DE2129950A1 (de) 1971-12-23
FR2099138A5 (enExample) 1972-03-10
GB1355582A (en) 1974-06-05
CA938626A (en) 1973-12-18

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