US3630194A - Orthopedic bandage - Google Patents

Orthopedic bandage Download PDF

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US3630194A
US3630194A US39754A US3630194DA US3630194A US 3630194 A US3630194 A US 3630194A US 39754 A US39754 A US 39754A US 3630194D A US3630194D A US 3630194DA US 3630194 A US3630194 A US 3630194A
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bandage
orthopedic
orthopedic bandage
water
cast
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Franklin Boardman
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Johnson and Johnson
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Johnson and Johnson
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/04—Plaster of Paris bandages; Other stiffening bandages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/07—Stiffening bandages
    • A61L15/12—Stiffening bandages containing macromolecular materials

Definitions

  • This orthopedic bandage for immobilizing or supporting portions of the body comprises a flexible carrier such as cotton gauge Supporting a solid, water-soluble vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide and N-isopropyl acrylamide and mixtures thereof.
  • the bandage is preferably prepared for use by dipping in water in the presence of a catalyst for initiating polymerization of the vinyl monomer and then wrapping the body portion to be immobilized.
  • the initiator is a part of the bandage and may either be mixed with the monomer or coated on the surface of the bandage.
  • This invention relates to the field or orthopedic bandages which are used to form casts for immobilizing and supporting parts of the body such as fractured limbs to permit undisturbed healing. More specifically, it relates to an improved polymeric orthopedic bandage which can be prepared and applied using conventional techniques associated with well-known plaster of Paris casts but has a number of improvements thereover including reduced weight, and greater penetrability by X-ray.
  • Plaster of Paris on fabric or gauze bandage has been used almost exclusively in the preparation of surgical casts designed to immobilize and support portions of the body, e.g., a leg, arm, wrist, neck, and the like. Plaster of Paris is inexpensive, convenient and ready to use after simply dipping in water. Moreover, practically all physicians, particularly orthopedic specialists, have long worked with the plaster of Paris medium and are very familiar with its application. Once having mastered the art of working with plaster of Paris, they are reluctant to learn the different techniques associated with other media.
  • plaster of Paris has certain shortcomings. It is relatively heavy and can be damaged by wetting with water. It is also substantially opaque to X-rays, thus sometimes requiring that a cast be removed to ascertain, for example, whether a fracture has satisfactorily healed.
  • an orthopedic bandage comprising a flexible carrier supporting a cast-forming composition comprising a solid, water-soluble vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide, N- isopropyl acrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
  • a cast-forming composition comprising a solid, water-soluble vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide, N- isopropyl acrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
  • to this cast-forming composition may optionally be added certain other monomers or comonomers which are solid at room temperature and nonirritating to the skin and certain fillers, including certain polymeric fillers and water-insoluble insoluble inorganic salts.
  • the orthopedic bandage so formulated is prepared for use by contacting it with an aqueous medium, preferably hot tapwater, in the presence of catalytic amounts of a polymerization initiator or catalyst whereby the vinyl monomer is polymerized.
  • the polymerization catalyst may be added to the aqueous medium itself, or it may be incorporated into the cast-forming composition, In the latter case, the bandage must be kept dry and out of contact with moisture-laden air. Because two-ingredient catalyst systems are normally employed, one catalytic component may be incorporated in the cast-forming composition and the other catalytic component may be added to the water at the time of dipping, thus minimizing the sensitivity of the composition to water or moisture-laden air.
  • the physician need only dip the bandage in water in order to initiate polymerization and prepare the bandage for use. This simple procedure substantially duplicates, of course, the conventional techniques employed in connection with plaster of Paris casts. If the entire catalyst is not incorporated in the cast-fonning composition, the physician need only add any missing catalytic component to the water in which the bandage is immersed. Further details of the invention are set forth in the following subsections.
  • the flexible carrier may be any suitable support capable of carrying the vinyl monomer prior to the polymerization thereof and otherwise compatible to its intended use, the particular carrier per se not being part of the present invention. It should preferably be somewhat stretchable, conformable and inexpensive. In general, the same flexible carriers employed in connection with plaster of Paris casts may be used in the present invention.
  • Preferred carriers include open-mesh fabrics such as cotton gauze, cotton crinoline and other natural and synthetic bandage materials well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the carrier may be a cotton gauze having 10 to 50 warp and 10-50 weft threads to the square inch, some or all of the threads optionally being resilient or elastic.
  • the carrier may either be woven or nonwoven and may also be manufactured in whole or part from plastic or glass fibers.
  • the plastics may include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene and various polyester or polyamide fibers, e.g., Dacron, nylon and the like.
  • the carrier may also be prepared from porous foams such as polyester and polyether polyurethane foams. Other materials will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the present disclosure.
  • the vinyl monomer employed therein must be solid at room temperature.
  • the bandage is to be prepared for use by simply dipping in aqueous medium, polymerization of the monomer and the catalyst system for initiating the same must lend itself to activation by contact with water.
  • the monomer must be substantially nonirritating to the skin, both in a monomeric and polymeric form.
  • diacetone acrylamide and N-isopropyl acrylamide and mixtures thereof are met by diacetone acrylamide and N-isopropyl acrylamide and mixtures thereof.
  • Diacetone acrylamide is preferred at present because of its lower cost.
  • Casts made, in accordance with the present invention, of polymers of diacetone acrylamide are also porous and thus will transmit perspiration, a distinct advantage in the cast field, as patients will readily testify.
  • a more precise chemical identification of the diacetone acrylamide employed in the practice of the present invention is N-( l ,l-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl-acrylamide. It can be purchased commercially and is presently available, for example, from the Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio. In this connection, see, for example, U. S. Pat. No. 3,458,478, issued July 29, 1969, and assigned to The Lubrizol Corporation.
  • the amount of vinyl monomer of the flexible support may approximate levels employed in plaster of Paris orthopedic bandages.
  • the vinyl monomer may be present in the amounts of about 50 to 800 percent of the weight of the support, typically about 200 to 500 percent. Techniques for controlling the amount of monomerare briefly discussed hereinafter in connection with methods of manufacture and the solvents used therein.
  • the Polymerization initiator A conventional redox initiator I system used in emulsion polymerization may be used to catalyze polymerization of the vinyl monomer and hardening of the bandage. These initiators are mixtures of oxidizing and reducing agents generally in the proportions of about i to 1 by weight, which react substantially immediately with each other when dissolved in water. Accordingly, both cannot be mixed in aqueous solution until polymerization is to be initiated.
  • oxidizing agents are ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, ferric chloride, hydroxylamine, cobalt (ill) chloride, and potassium pennanganate.
  • reducing agents are ferrous sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium dithionite, ferrous chloride, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, oxalic acid, cobalt (ll) chloride, and hydrazine.
  • the oxidizing and reducing agents, making up the initiator system are generally used in a weight ratio of 1 parts oxidizing agent to l part reducing agent, this ratio can be varied substantially with effective results still being obtained, for example, with 1 part of either the oxidizing agent or the reducing agent being present with 9 parts of the other.
  • Both the oxidizing and reducing agents are necessary for polymerization. Both initiators may be added to the water before dipping, or one of the two may be incorporated in the bandage at the time of its manufacture and the other added to the dipping water.
  • catalytic amounts of both initiators may be incorporated in the bandage at the time of manufacture.
  • the physician need only dip the bandage in water to prepare it for use.
  • a specific example of a preferred catalyst system employed in this embodiment is ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite.
  • a nontoxic, nonirritating buffer such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, disodium phosphate or the like, is added to avoid possible later irritation resulting from such acidification.
  • a preferred accelerator is a three-part system containing, for example, potassium persulfate, sodium sulfite and sodium bicarbonate in approximately equal proportions by weight.
  • the temperature of the dipping solution has a profound effect on the hardness of the final cast. The hotter the water, the faster hardening will occur. Water at l20-l30- F. is recommended. Water below F. should preferably not be used, since polymerization of the monomer in the bandage after dipping may be inhibited. Temperatures of l40 F. are readily available in hot tapwater.
  • ingredients may also be incorporated into the band age to act as monomeric supplements, binders, fillers, polymerization rate controllers, and the like.
  • N-t-butylacrylamide along with the diacetone acrylamide or N-isopropyl acrylamide as a reactive monomer.
  • N-t-butylacrylamide is not soluble in water and cannot be used in the water system by itself but only in conjunction with diacetone acrylamide or N- isopropyl acrylamide.
  • solid monomers or comonomers may also be added, e.g., the following nontoxic derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acid:
  • a thin film of adhesive may be added to the ingredients at the time of manufacturing the bandage.
  • a binder may be formed by evaporation of a latex, e.g., Rhoplex B45, a latex product of Rohm and Haas Company, and UCAR-TCX-8960, a latex product of Union Carbide Corporation. Care should be taken, however, to avoid contact with water in the presence of initiator. Accordingly, where a latex is used as the binder system, the water should be removed before imparting the initiator.
  • fillers In addition to, or in place of, the binder, various types of fillers may be used, including polymeric fillers and water-insoluble inorganic salts. Fillers reduce the amount of more costly monomer required. They also control the rate of water entering the bandage and thus the rate of reaction. By thus slowing the rate of reaction and increasing the bulk, the temperature rise from the polymerization reaction is reduced and moderated, minimizing any discomfort to the patient.
  • any nontoxic, nonirn'tating polymer can be used as a filler.
  • they should coat out as a binder for the vinyl monomer, i.e., the diacetone acrylamide or N-isopropyl acrylamide. The binding action holds the monomer on the flexible carrier and minimizes undesired leaching into the dipping water.
  • fillers one may use substantially water-insoluble fillers such as cellulose acetate, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(diallyl phthalate), polycaprolactone, copolymer of ethylene and maleic anhydride, and copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride, as water-soluble fillers one may use, for example, poly(ethylene oxide), methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide.
  • the water-soluble fillers are generally preferred as they give more rapid wetting times.
  • Inorganic fillers may be added to improve the ease of wrapping of the bandage. In particular, they render the bandage less sticky and, as aforementioned, moderate any temperature rise. Calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate are preferred, but other commercial fillers (e.g., bentonite, silica, etc.) can also be used. The presence of such inorganic fillers is not necessary whereas the presence of a polymer filler is considered quite desirably.
  • the monomer-or comonomer components comprise between about 30 and 100 percent by weight of the total and the filler comprises between about 0 to 70 percent.
  • the preferred ranges are about 50 to 80 percent monomer and to 50 percent filler.
  • the monomer component itself should comprise at least about percent by weight, based on total monomer, of diacetone acrylamide or N-isopropyl acrylamide or mixtures thereof, preferably about to 80 percent, the balance being other monomeric or comonomeric components hereinabove set forth, e.g., N-t-butylacrylamide. Accordingly, at least about 9 percent of the total solids must consist of diacetone acrylamide or N-isopropyl acrylamide or mixtures thereof.
  • the filler component itself may contain anywhere between 0 and 100 percent by weight, based on total filler, of polymer, the remainder being inorganic salt.
  • the preferred range of polymer content in the filler is about to 100 percent.
  • the orthopedic bandage When both initiators are incorporated in the cast-forming composition at the time of its manufacture, the orthopedic bandage must be maintained in a dry state until the time of use, as previously discussed. Accordingly, in order to prevent premature polymerization of the vinyl monomer, the bandage is packaged, preferably in roll form, in a moisture-resistant container which may be readily opened at the time of use.
  • the bandage is sealed in an aluminum foil package which may be readily torn open for use.
  • Various alternative containers may also be employed, as those skilled in the art will readily recognize.
  • the bandage of the present invention may be manufactured by various techniques, as is exemplified by the methods of preparation of preferred forms thereof.
  • a cotton gauze bandage is impregnated with diacetone acrylamide, N-t-butylacrylamide, cellulose acetate, ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite, the latter two ingredients being the initiators.
  • a buffer such as sodium bicarbonate is preferably included also.
  • the impregnation is accomplished by dissolving the ingredients in a suitable solvent.
  • the bandage is passed through the solution and then between metering rolls or knives to achieve the desired level of impregnation.
  • the solvent is evaporated therefrom by conventional techniques, e.g., heating, blowing air thereover, and the like.
  • the resulting orthopedic bandage is then sealed in an aluminum foil package to avoid contact with moisture-laden air.
  • the package is torn open, and the bandage is momentarily dipped in hot tapwater then lightly squeezed after removal. It is immediately wrapped around the body portion to be immobilized in a plurality of layers and allowed to set, becoming slightly warm (e.g., about 1 10 F.) for about 15 minutes in the process. After cooling to about room temperature (another I030 minutes or so), the cast has hardened sufficiently for the desired immobilization.
  • solvents When initially incorporating the diacetone acrylamide or N- isopropyl acrylamide into the flexible carrier, a variety of solvents may be employed, depending upon the presence and nature of other ingredients and whether the catalyst system is included.
  • the solvent must be easily evaporated below the maximum temperature to which the monomer can be warmed without polymerizing.
  • this temperature is its melting point, i.e., 57 C. Both methylene chloride (boiling point of 40 C.) and acetone (boiling point of 56 C.) are preferred solvents.
  • solvents that could be used are water, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, and toluene. Since the rate of evaporation of a solvent can be speeded by blowing air across the bandage, solvents with boiling points above 57 C. may be used as well.
  • the choice of concentration of monomer and polymer in the solvent is determined by the viscosity of the final solution.
  • the viscosity is in turn determined by the molecular weight range of polymer used; the greater the molecular weight, the greater the viscosity.
  • Highly viscous solutions are undesirable, since the final bandage coating is thick, and the bandage is hard to wrap.
  • Very thin solutions yield very thin coatings of the bandage with an insufficient supply of deposited monomer.
  • the cast-forming composition may also be incorporated into the support without the use of a solvent, as will become apparent from the specific examples hereinafter set forth.
  • a solvent is, however, the preferred technique at present.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrated production of a preferred embodiment of the orthopedic bandage of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating the simple steps of using the bandage produced in FIG. 1 to form a cast to immobilize a human forearm.
  • the starting material is a roll of openmesh cotton gauze bandage 10 which is passed through impregnating solution 12 in vessel 14 by means of direction changing rollers l6, l8 and 20.
  • Impregnating solution 12 comprises diacetone acrylamide, N-t-butylacrylamide, cellulose acetate, ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite in an acetone solvent, illustrative proportions being indicated in example 6 set forth hereinafter.
  • a buffer e.g., sodium bicarbonate, it is preferably present in the same weight proportion as the ammonium persulfate or sodium sulfite.
  • the impregnated web 22 passes between metering knives 24 and 26 or equivalent metering rolls (not shown), which control the level of solution on the web. Web 22 then passes around direction changing roller 28 and across a series of supporting rollers 30, where it is subjected to slight warming from a row of infrared lamps 32 and rapid air currents exhausted via exhaust fan hood 34. As a result, the acetone solvent is driven off, leaving a dry bandage containing the cast-forming composition which is accumulated as orthopedic bandage roll 36.
  • the dry bandage contains polymerizable monomers as well as a catalyst system for initiating polymerization in the presence of water, the dry bandage is packed in a moistureproof sealed container in zone 37.
  • An inexpensive and effective container for such'purposes may be an aluminum foil package which can be readily torn open at the time of use.
  • a packaged orthopedic bandage of the present invention is illustrated as bandage roll 40 in aluminum foil package 42 which is hermetically sealed.
  • package 42 is torn open and the entire roll 40 or a desired length 44 thereof is dipped in a vessel 46 containing hot tapwater 48 (e.g., about 120-130" F.).
  • hot tapwater 48 e.g., about 120-130" F.
  • the bandage is lightly squeezed to remove excess water and then promptly applied to the body portion to be immobilized, as illustrated by cast 50 on forearm 52.
  • the bandage is conformable and requires no barrier between itself and the skin, it can be closely fitted to the body portion and rapidly built up in a plurality of smooth layers into an integral cast.
  • the cast rapidly cures, with temperatures never reaching excessively painful levels, and becomes hard within less than an hour of its initial application.
  • Example 1 A paste consisting of 50 parts by weight of diacetone acrylamide and 20 parts by weight of UCAR Latex TCX-8960 was spread with a spatula on a gauze bandage measuring 1 yard long and 3 inches wide. The bandage was hung dried by standing overnight. The dried bandage was rolled and dipped in a solution of 2 l parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 2 parts by weight of sodium sulfite in 100 parts by weight of water. The solution was made up just prior to dipping of the bandage.
  • the bandage was removed from the solution a few seconds after immersion and wrapped around a l-inch diameter dowel or pipe covered with aluminum foil. The bandage became sticky, warm, but not hot a few minutes after wrapping. Fifteen minutes after the wrapping the bandage was no longer sticky. After an hour the cast was hard and cool. The crushing strength of the cast measured the next day was 250 pounds as shown on a Dillon Dynamometer.
  • Example 2 A paste consisting of 400 parts by weight of plaster of Paris, 100 parts by weight of diacetone acrylamide, 220 parts by weight of water, 4 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate, and 4 parts by weight of sodium sulfite was spread on a cotton gauze bandage 1 yard long and 3 inches wide. The bandage was wrapped around a wooden stick, 1 inch in diameter, bearing an aluminum foil cover with a thermometer placed between foil and stick.
  • Example 3 A gauze bandage, yards by 4 inches, is impregnated with a solution of 150 parts by weight of diacetone acrylamide, 75 parts by weight of Plexiglas VS-lOO poly (methyl methacrylate) (Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), and 25 parts by weight of Hydrocal plaster of Paris (Unites States Gypsum Company) in 400 parts by weight of methylene chloride.
  • the bandage is dried in circulating air at 100 F., rolled up and inserted in a sealable container.
  • a bandage 5 yards by 4 inches cut from the above coated bandage is dipped in a solution of 8 parts by weight of sodium sulfite and 8 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate in 300 parts by weight of water of about F.
  • the bandage is removed immediately from the solution, squeezed lightly, and wrapped around a patients limb.
  • the bandage becomes warm, maintaining a temperature of 110 F. for 15 minutes and then cooling to room temperature, at which point the cast is hard to the touch.
  • a similar bandage can be prepared by substituting N- isopropyl acrylamide for diacetone acrylamide and using the same reagents and parts by weight as in the above example.
  • a similar bandage can also be prepared by substituting cellulose acetate for the poly (methyl methacrylate) and omitting the plaster of Paris completely.
  • Example 4 Two bandages (5 yards by 4 inches) weighing about 20 parts each are coated with a solution prepared from 150 parts by weight of diacetone acrylamide, 75 parts by weight of Plexiglas VS-lOO poly (methyl methacrylate) and 75 parts by weight of Hydrocal plaster of Paris in 470 parts by weight of methylene chloride. Upon evaporation of the solvent, 88 parts of coating are deposited on each bandage.
  • orthopedic bandages are activated by dipping in hot tapwater containing catalytic quantities of an initiator, e.g., ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite. The activated bandage is then promptly applied to a limb to form a plastic cast.
  • an initiator e.g., ammonium persulfate and sodium sulfite.
  • the activated bandage is then promptly applied to a limb to form a plastic cast.
  • Example 5 Cylindrical casts were prepared from orthopedic bandages similar to those of examples 3 and 4.
  • a cylindrical cast 4 inches long with a 2-inch inside diameter, weighing about 0.31 pounds showed a crushing strength on a Dillon Dynamometer of about 145 pounds 1 hour after wrapping, about 250 pounds 24 hours after wrapping, and about 450 pounds 1 week after wrapping. The strength-to-weight ratio varied from about 470, 1 hour after wrapping, to about 1,450, 1 week after wrapping.
  • Example 6 An impregnating solution was prepared from 30 parts by weight of E398l0 cellulose acetate (Eastman Chemical Products, Inc.), 113 parts by weight of diacetone acrylamide, 37 parts by weight of N-t-butylacrylamide, 20 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 20 parts by weight of sodium sulfite in 400 parts of acetone. Two cotton gauze bandages, each measuring 2 yards by 4 inches and weighing about l0 parts by weight, were impregnated with the solution and dried. Each of the resulting orthopedic bandages weighed about 80 parts, thus indicating a solids pickup from the solution of about 70 parts by weight.
  • the bandages were dipped in 300 milliliters of water at about F. and wrapped around a core. During polymerization temperatures reached about 140 F. at the core.
  • Example 7 Patches of orthopedic bandages containing diacetone acrylamide and prepared as indicated in examples 3, 4 and 6 where no buffer was used with the activator, were taped on human males and females in a routine testing procedure for the skin irritation potential of the new cast. With the exception of two possible allergenic responses to the bandages, no irritation was evident.
  • An orthopedic bandage comprising a flexible carrier having adhered thereto a dry cast-forming composition comprising at least about 9 percent by weight of a solid, water-soluble vvinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the orthopedic bandage of claim 3 including an encompassing, substantially moistureproof container therefor.
  • castforrning composition includes about 20 to 60 percent by weight, based on total monomer, of a nonirritating, solid monomeric derivative of acrylic and methacrylic acid.
  • said solid filler is a water-soluble polymeric flller selected from the group consisting of poly (ethylene oxide), methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose polyacrylamide or mixtures thereof.
  • said solid filler is a water-insoluble polymeric filler selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (diallyl phthalate), polycaprolactone, copolymers of ethylene and maleic anhydride, copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride or mixtures thereof.
  • An orthopedic bandage comprising a flexible fabric carrier having adhered thereto a cast-forming composition comprising about 20 to 64 percent by weight, based on said composition, diacetone acrylamide, about 10 percent to 48 percent by weight, based on said composition, of N-t-butylacrylamide and about 20 to 50 percent by weight, based on said composition. of cellulose acetate.
  • a packaged orthopedic bandage comprising a substantially moistureproof container having enclosed therein a flexible fabric carrier having adhered thereto a dry cast-forming composition comprising at least about 9 percent by weight of diacetone acrylamide and a catalytic quantity of initiator for polymerizing said diacetone acrylamide.
  • a method of forming a rigid orthopedic cast for body members comprising the steps of:
  • an orthopedic bandage comprising a flexible fabric carrier supporting a dry, cast-forming composition comprising at least about 9 percent by weight of a solid, water-soluble vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of diacetone acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide, and mixtures thereof;

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Cited By (58)

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US4020832A (en) * 1974-12-24 1977-05-03 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Package and method for preparing orthopedic cast-making materials
US4102338A (en) * 1973-11-29 1978-07-25 National Research Development Corporation Hardenable sheet materials
FR2392678A1 (fr) * 1977-06-02 1978-12-29 Johnson & Johnson Bandage orthopedique
US4153052A (en) * 1976-11-02 1979-05-08 American Home Products Corporation Orthopedic cast package
US4214578A (en) * 1977-11-18 1980-07-29 Johnson & Johnson Orthopedic bandage having improved conformability
US4344423A (en) * 1977-09-06 1982-08-17 Johnson & Johnson Orthopedic bandage having improved catalyst system
US4376438A (en) * 1976-11-09 1983-03-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing a supporting bandage and bandaging material suitable for this purpose
EP0061642A3 (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-07-06 Bayer Ag Casting or splinting package and method of constructing same
US4411262A (en) * 1978-04-21 1983-10-25 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Constructional material
EP0094222A1 (en) * 1982-05-06 1983-11-16 Smith and Nephew Associated Companies p.l.c. Bandages, components thereof and use
US4502479A (en) * 1979-09-04 1985-03-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Water-activated casting material
US4570622A (en) * 1981-12-31 1986-02-18 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Constructional material
US4667661A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-05-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Curable resin coated sheet having reduced tack
US4672956A (en) * 1982-05-06 1987-06-16 Smith And Nephew Associated Companies P.L.C Bandages, components thereof and use
US4676234A (en) * 1980-09-06 1987-06-30 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Moisture-hardenable bandaging materials
WO1988005311A1 (fr) * 1987-01-14 1988-07-28 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Ispytatelny I Materiau biocompatible pour le traitement de defauts dans les tissus et les organes
US4800872A (en) * 1987-01-20 1989-01-31 Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics, Inc. Ravel-free orthopaedic casting tapes
US4856502A (en) * 1987-05-05 1989-08-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Curable resin coated sheets having reduced tack
US4898159A (en) * 1987-01-20 1990-02-06 Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics, Inc. Ravel-free orthopaedic casting tapes
US4937146A (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-06-26 Kirschner Medical Corporation Resin-coated article having low tack
US4947839A (en) * 1988-08-18 1990-08-14 Carapace Orthopedic casting material having reduced tack and reduced slip
DE4019310A1 (de) * 1990-06-16 1991-12-19 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von hydraulische bindemittel enthaltenden versteifungsmaterialien, insbesondere gipsbinden
US5354259A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-10-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microfiber fillers for orthopedic casting tapes
WO1994023680A1 (en) * 1993-04-16 1994-10-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting material
US5370927A (en) * 1993-10-25 1994-12-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Wet compacting of fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5382445A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-01-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Mechanically compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5405643A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-04-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microcreping of fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
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US5455060A (en) * 1993-10-25 1995-10-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5470306A (en) * 1994-02-23 1995-11-28 Kirschner Medical Corporation Medical bandaging article and packaging system
US5476440A (en) * 1994-07-19 1995-12-19 Carapace, Inc. Orthopedic bandage with lubricious core
US5512354A (en) * 1993-01-25 1996-04-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Fabric backing for orthopedic support materials
US5514080A (en) * 1989-05-18 1996-05-07 Smith & Nephew Plc Orthopaedic cast and components therefor
US5553366A (en) * 1993-10-25 1996-09-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Vibration compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5584800A (en) * 1993-04-16 1996-12-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of enclosing a body member using an apertured, extruded sheet
US5603691A (en) * 1993-04-16 1997-02-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of using water soluble films in curable casting tapes
US5620095A (en) * 1993-06-11 1997-04-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting material and hermetic package
US5716661A (en) * 1993-04-16 1998-02-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making a light weight orthopedic casting tape
US5738639A (en) * 1996-05-03 1998-04-14 Clinitex Medical Corporation Treated core for facilitating orthopedic casting
US5807292A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-09-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting article having soft and hard regions
US5823978A (en) * 1996-04-24 1998-10-20 Clinitex Medical Corporation Low modulus synthetic fiber casting system
US5913840A (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Soft orthopedic casting article with reinforcement system
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US20060294437A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2006-12-28 Thunder Creative Technologies, Inc. Point-of-load power conditioning for memory modules
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US7709631B2 (en) 2006-03-13 2010-05-04 Xylos Corporation Oxidized microbial cellulose and use thereof
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US20160074178A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-03-17 Van Phillips METHODS FOR PREPARING PRECISELY FITTED CASTS for PROSTHETICS
US20190314225A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-17 Annamarie Joseph Sealskin application system

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CA1125589A (en) * 1976-12-28 1982-06-15 Raymond P. Kurkjy Method for making orthopedic cast material
DE3033659A1 (de) * 1980-09-06 1982-05-06 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Feuchtigkeitshaertbare verbandmaterialien
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US4102338A (en) * 1973-11-29 1978-07-25 National Research Development Corporation Hardenable sheet materials
US4020832A (en) * 1974-12-24 1977-05-03 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Package and method for preparing orthopedic cast-making materials
US3990683A (en) * 1974-12-24 1976-11-09 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Packaging means
US4153052A (en) * 1976-11-02 1979-05-08 American Home Products Corporation Orthopedic cast package
US4376438A (en) * 1976-11-09 1983-03-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing a supporting bandage and bandaging material suitable for this purpose
FR2392678A1 (fr) * 1977-06-02 1978-12-29 Johnson & Johnson Bandage orthopedique
US4344423A (en) * 1977-09-06 1982-08-17 Johnson & Johnson Orthopedic bandage having improved catalyst system
US4214578A (en) * 1977-11-18 1980-07-29 Johnson & Johnson Orthopedic bandage having improved conformability
US4411262A (en) * 1978-04-21 1983-10-25 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Constructional material
EP0035517B1 (en) * 1979-09-04 1985-12-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Water-activated casting material
US4502479A (en) * 1979-09-04 1985-03-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Water-activated casting material
US4676234A (en) * 1980-09-06 1987-06-30 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Moisture-hardenable bandaging materials
EP0061642A3 (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-07-06 Bayer Ag Casting or splinting package and method of constructing same
US4570622A (en) * 1981-12-31 1986-02-18 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Constructional material
WO1983003973A1 (en) * 1982-05-06 1983-11-24 Smith And Nephew Associated Companies P.L.C. Bandages, components thereof and use
JPS59500751A (ja) * 1982-05-06 1984-05-04 スミス　アンド　ネフユ−　アソシエイテツド　コンパニ−ズ　ピ−エルシ− 包帯、その成分及び用途
EP0094222A1 (en) * 1982-05-06 1983-11-16 Smith and Nephew Associated Companies p.l.c. Bandages, components thereof and use
US4672956A (en) * 1982-05-06 1987-06-16 Smith And Nephew Associated Companies P.L.C Bandages, components thereof and use
US4774937A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-10-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Curable resin coated sheet having reduced tack
US4667661A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-05-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Curable resin coated sheet having reduced tack
WO1988005311A1 (fr) * 1987-01-14 1988-07-28 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Ispytatelny I Materiau biocompatible pour le traitement de defauts dans les tissus et les organes
US4981483A (en) * 1987-01-14 1991-01-01 Akimova Alla Y Biocompatible material for treatment of tissular or organic defects
US4800872A (en) * 1987-01-20 1989-01-31 Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics, Inc. Ravel-free orthopaedic casting tapes
EP0276118A3 (en) * 1987-01-20 1989-10-04 Johnson & Johnson Products Inc. Ravel-free orthopaedic casting tapes
US4898159A (en) * 1987-01-20 1990-02-06 Johnson & Johnson Orthopaedics, Inc. Ravel-free orthopaedic casting tapes
US4856502A (en) * 1987-05-05 1989-08-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Curable resin coated sheets having reduced tack
US4937146A (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-06-26 Kirschner Medical Corporation Resin-coated article having low tack
US4947839A (en) * 1988-08-18 1990-08-14 Carapace Orthopedic casting material having reduced tack and reduced slip
US5514080A (en) * 1989-05-18 1996-05-07 Smith & Nephew Plc Orthopaedic cast and components therefor
DE4019310A1 (de) * 1990-06-16 1991-12-19 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von hydraulische bindemittel enthaltenden versteifungsmaterialien, insbesondere gipsbinden
US5512354A (en) * 1993-01-25 1996-04-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Fabric backing for orthopedic support materials
US5498232A (en) * 1993-01-25 1996-03-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microcreping of fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5382445A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-01-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Mechanically compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5405643A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-04-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microcreping of fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US6159877A (en) * 1993-01-25 2000-12-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Fabric backing for orthopedic support materials
US5449550A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-09-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Mechanically compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5540982A (en) * 1993-01-25 1996-07-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Fabric backing for orthopedic support materials
US5354259A (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-10-11 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microfiber fillers for orthopedic casting tapes
US5474522A (en) * 1993-01-25 1995-12-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Microfiber fillers for orthopedic casting tapes
US5584800A (en) * 1993-04-16 1996-12-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of enclosing a body member using an apertured, extruded sheet
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US6027465A (en) * 1993-04-16 2000-02-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of immobilizing a body member using a composite article
US5976610A (en) * 1993-04-16 1999-11-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making a light-weight orthopedic casting article
US6077240A (en) * 1993-04-16 2000-06-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Water soluble films used in synthetic casting tapes
US5593628A (en) * 1993-04-16 1997-01-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making an orthopedic casting article comprising an apertured, extruded sheet
US5603691A (en) * 1993-04-16 1997-02-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of using water soluble films in curable casting tapes
US6100206A (en) * 1993-04-16 2000-08-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Light-weight orthopedic casting article
US6132835A (en) * 1993-04-16 2000-10-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Composite casting tape
EP0815760A3 (en) * 1993-04-16 1998-03-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting material
US5716661A (en) * 1993-04-16 1998-02-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making a light weight orthopedic casting tape
US5620095A (en) * 1993-06-11 1997-04-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting material and hermetic package
US5984088A (en) * 1993-06-11 1999-11-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Easy open package and method of making same
US5658650A (en) * 1993-10-25 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5370927A (en) * 1993-10-25 1994-12-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Wet compacting of fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5553366A (en) * 1993-10-25 1996-09-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Vibration compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
US5455060A (en) * 1993-10-25 1995-10-03 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compacted fabrics for orthopedic casting tapes
WO1995019751A1 (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting material
EP0857473A1 (en) * 1994-01-21 1998-08-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting material
US5470306A (en) * 1994-02-23 1995-11-28 Kirschner Medical Corporation Medical bandaging article and packaging system
US5476440A (en) * 1994-07-19 1995-12-19 Carapace, Inc. Orthopedic bandage with lubricious core
US5823978A (en) * 1996-04-24 1998-10-20 Clinitex Medical Corporation Low modulus synthetic fiber casting system
US5738639A (en) * 1996-05-03 1998-04-14 Clinitex Medical Corporation Treated core for facilitating orthopedic casting
US5807292A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-09-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Orthopedic casting article having soft and hard regions
US6595938B1 (en) 1996-06-24 2003-07-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Article having soft and hard regions
US5913840A (en) * 1997-08-15 1999-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Soft orthopedic casting article with reinforcement system
US20030184102A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-02 Feeney Robert D. Material for protecting a surface and an associated method of protecting a surface
US7704523B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2010-04-27 Lohmann & Rauscher Gmbh Microbial cellulose wound dressing for treating chronic wounds
US20030203013A1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2003-10-30 Xylos Corporation Microbial cellulose wound dressing for treating chronic wounds
US20040028722A1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2004-02-12 Xylos Corporation Microbial cellulose wound dressing for treating chronic wounds
US20050019380A1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2005-01-27 Xylos Corporation Microbial cellulose wound dressing for treating chronic wounds
US7709021B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2010-05-04 Lohmann & Rauscher Gmbh Microbial cellulose wound dressing for treating chronic wounds
US20060294437A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2006-12-28 Thunder Creative Technologies, Inc. Point-of-load power conditioning for memory modules
US7709631B2 (en) 2006-03-13 2010-05-04 Xylos Corporation Oxidized microbial cellulose and use thereof
US7837637B2 (en) 2006-04-14 2010-11-23 Ebi, Llc Safety cast
US20070255189A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-11-01 Ebi, L.P. Safety cast
US20110082406A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2011-04-07 Ebi, Llc Safety cast
US20070286884A1 (en) * 2006-06-13 2007-12-13 Xylos Corporation Implantable microbial cellulose materials for hard tissue repair and regeneration
EP1891918A3 (de) * 2006-08-24 2009-01-21 Paul Hartmann Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gipsbinden sowie Verfahren hierzu
EP2789320A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-10-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Knit fabric for orthopedic support material
WO2014169136A1 (en) 2013-04-12 2014-10-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Knit fabric for orthopedic support material
US10415181B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2019-09-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Knit fabric for orthopedic support material
US20160074178A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2016-03-17 Van Phillips METHODS FOR PREPARING PRECISELY FITTED CASTS for PROSTHETICS
US20190314225A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-17 Annamarie Joseph Sealskin application system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA713290B (en) 1972-12-27
DE2125243A1 (de) 1971-12-02
FR2090226B1 (cs) 1975-06-06
FR2090226A1 (cs) 1972-01-14
DE2125243C3 (de) 1981-07-09
DE2125243B2 (de) 1980-10-09

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