US3623311A - Apparatus for producing synthetic torque yarns - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing synthetic torque yarns Download PDF

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Publication number
US3623311A
US3623311A US873202A US3623311DA US3623311A US 3623311 A US3623311 A US 3623311A US 873202 A US873202 A US 873202A US 3623311D A US3623311D A US 3623311DA US 3623311 A US3623311 A US 3623311A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
twist
rolls
yarns
torque
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Expired - Lifetime
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US873202A
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English (en)
Inventor
Emil J Berger Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Warner and Swasey Co
Turbo Machine Co
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Turbo Machine Co
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Assigned to WARNER & SWASEY COMPANY, THE reassignment WARNER & SWASEY COMPANY, THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WARNER & SWASEY COMPANY,THE A DEL CORP.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/028—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by twisting or false-twisting at least two filaments, yarns or threads, fixing the twist and separating the filaments, yarns or threads

Definitions

  • snarl is used in this specification to define a tangled mass of yarn which is formed in relaxed condition and does not untangle when the yarn is processed under tension in conventional knitting or other fabricating machines, causing yarn breaks.
  • kink is used in the specification to define a twisting or doubling of yarn upon itself when the yarn is relaxed but which untangles when the yarn is subsequently tensioned during processing in conventional knitting or other fabricating machines, causing no yarn break.
  • the yarns to which the invention is applied are synthetic yarns which are subject to heat setting and which, for example, may be produced from synthetic polyamide, polyesters, and the like, such as polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycaproamide, and many other polymers useful in the textile industry, including mixtures and structural composites composed of two or more longitudinally extending segments of different polymers.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to heat-settable continuous thermoplastic monofilaments formed from these polymers, and it is also applicable to multi-filament yarns.
  • torque or twist is meant either a twist along the longitudinal axis of the yarn inserted, for example, by a conventional false twist device, or helical crimp caused by wrapping two (or more) yarns generally spirally around each other.
  • Such processes include heat setting such torqued or twisted yarn to produce yarn having residual torsional forces, i.e., to produce torquelively yarn.
  • An important object of the present invention is to provide apparatus and method for producing continuousfilament heat-settable thermoplastic yarn having high stretch but without having the undesirable tendency to snarl when handled by the normal feed mechanism of the textile machinery, such as knitting machines, for example.
  • Another important object of the invention is to produce a new product, namely, a new continuousfilament synthetic yarn having excellent stretch properties but with substantially reduced tendency to twist upon itself, and, more importantly, having a surprising capability, when twisting and doubling upon itself does occur, of untangling without snarling when processed in conventional knitting or other fabricating machines.
  • cold drawing is meant drawing at ambient or room temperature, or at least at a temperature substantially lower than the temperature at which the torque yarn was heat set.
  • cold drawing it has been found, so alters the internal stresses and other physical characteristics of the yarn as to eliminate substantially the tendency to snarl, but the latent stretch qualities and characeristics of the yarn are not reduced, at least not to any extent.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of one form of apparatus suitable for performing the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification of the apparatus of FIG. 1. This modification constitutes a presently preferred form of apparatus;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the tendency of conventional torque yarn to twist upon itself and snarl
  • FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of torque stretch yarn according to the invention and illustrates how the yarn either does not twist upon itself to the same extent, or when a long kink does occur, it does not snarl when handled by conventional feed mechanisms
  • FIG. 5 shows a long kink having a snarl at its base, such as occurs in prior art torque-lively yarn;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the tension device of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram to illustrate the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The apparatus diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1 is except for the cold drawing step introduced by the present invent-ion, substantially similar to that shown and described in U.S. Pat. 3,422,613, issued May 8, 1967, to E. J. Berger et 21]., particularly the modification shown in FIG. 7 of the said patent.
  • the yarns 12 and 13 are heat-settable yarn filaments, as for example, continuous filaments of synthetic thermoplastic material.
  • suitable materials are nylon (polyhexamethylene adipamide or polycaprolactam), Dacron (polyethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, copolymers of vinyl chloride, and others.
  • the single ends of yarn 12 and 13 may preferably be monofilaments, but may also be multi-filament yarns.
  • the single ends of yarn 12 and 13 may be pre-wrapped helically together as by a form of pretwist device 14 shown and described in Carruthers US. Pat. 3,237,391.
  • the yarn ends 12 and 13 are passed through guide eyes 15 and 16 to the pretwist device 14, then through guide eye 18 to a hysteresis or tension-adjusting wheel 19, then up through a twistbarrier device B, up through the arcuate contact heater 30, laterally over the guide rollers 42, 43, 44, and down to a separating device S where the two plies of the yarn .12, 13 are separated.
  • the pre-twist device 14 puts a predetermined number of turns per inch into the yarn in a texturing zone which extends from the twist barrier device B to the separation device S.
  • the twist barrier device B may take a number of forms but is shown in FIG. 1 to comprise a pair of pins 33, 34 mounted on the enlarged head 35 of a stud threaded into a support arm 36.
  • the stud has a wing nut (not seen) so that the stud and its enlarged head 35 may be rotated to adjust the positions of the pins 33, 34.
  • the pins 33, 34 are equidistant from the axial center of the stud so that rotation of the stud and its head 35 adjusts the positions of pins 33, 34 relative to the yarn path.
  • Pins 33, 34 are preferably hourglass shaped and may preferably be made of ceramic material. They are fixed, i.e. not rotatable, on their own axis.
  • the downstream path of the two-ply helically twisted yarn 12, 13 extends upward from the twist barrier device B to a corner roller 42, above the heater 30, then laterally over roller 43 to a corner roller 44 above the separation device S.
  • three adjustable freelyrotatable rollers 42, 43 and 44 are employed. Each of the rollers 42, 43 and 44 is so disposed angularly that the helix path of the twist of the yarn is circumferential to the surface of the roller over which it is rolling.
  • each of the rollers 42, 43 and 44 is mounted (by means not shown) to be fully adjustable as to angular and elevational positions.
  • Heater 30 is an elongated arcuate compact heater which may preferably consist of an arcuate tube through which steam 'is passed.
  • the outer forward surface of the elongated tube is provided with at least one lengthwise groove 31.
  • the yarn ends 12 and 13, after passing through the twist barrier device B, are pulled upwardly as a two-ply helically twisted yarn through the groove 31 of the heater.
  • the groove 31, through which the twisted two-ply yarn is passed, tends to restrain the yarn from migrating laterally relative to the linear yarn path.
  • the individual yarn filaments follow a helical path.
  • the heated two-ply helically twisted yarn 12, 13 is set in the cooling zone C, which extends from the upper end of heater 30 to the separation device S.
  • the cooling zone C is formed by direct exposure of the twisted yarns to the air of the room in which the texturizing apparatus is installed. This has been found to be entirely adequate in actual practice, even for high-speed operations.
  • the yarn is pulled through the texturing apparatus by two pairs of conical nip rolls 65 and 66 driven by a variable speed drive 67.
  • the rolls 65 and 66, the drive means 67, the takeup rolls 73 and 74, the reciprocating traversing guide means 71 and 72, and the separating device S may, if desired, be similar to prior art equipments, such for example, as are shown in U.S. Patent 3,327,462, issued June 27, 1967 to William Kirk Wyatt, entitled Yarn Separating Means.
  • the false twist would be inserted into the yarn at a point downstream from the corner roller 44 rather than by the pretwist device 14.
  • a false-twist spindle is normally referred to as a false-twist spindle and is indicated in the drawing by the dot-and-dash rectangle 121.
  • Use of a separation device S is then not necessary and only one pair of delivery rolls is required.
  • Other forms of false twist device may also be used in lieu of a false-twist spindle.
  • cold drawing is used in this specification to mean drawing the yarn at a temperature which is lower than the temperature at which the twist was heat-set into the yarn.
  • the cold drawing temperature is approximately equal to, or slightly above the ambient temperature of the room in which the cold drawing equipment is located.
  • FIG. 1 I have illustrated one form of apparatus for providing the cold drawing necessary to achieve the surprising result referred to above.
  • I have provided pairs of draw rolls and 96 and I drive these draw rolls, as by variable speed drive 97, at such rotational speed that the surface speed of rolls 95, 96 is somewhat higher than the surface speed of the upper pairs of rolls 65 and 66.
  • 15 denier monofilarnent nylon 66 yarn textured on the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, was subjected to drawing between the nips of rolls 95 and 65 and the nips of rolls 96 and 66 with a draft ratio of 1.3 to 1. This provided an elongation of the yarn of the order of about 5%.
  • the resulting yarn had, surprisingly, a substantially complete elimination of any tendency to snarl when used at the usual minimal tension in the feed of conventional hosiery knitting machines.
  • the same yarn when not cold drawn, snarled so badly and so frequently that breakages occurred so often that it was utterly impracticable to mass-produce hosiery on the same machine.
  • the extent of cold drawing may be within the range of about 3 to about 20% for best results in accordance with this invention.
  • the apparatus and method of FIG. 1 provides a means for the continuous production of substantially zero-snarl textured stretch yarn which, when relieved of longitudinal tension after the cold drawing operation, will assume a form illustrated schematically in FIG. 4. Although it does appear that this yarn has much smaller kinks and perhaps a few long kinks, (one being illustrated in FIG. 4), the important and surprising difierence is that th kinks are of a different kind. All the kinks, even the long kinks, have been found to un tangle when they are subjected to the application of tension, and they do not snarl when processed in conventional knitting machinery, even when fed at the minimum tension.
  • the apparatus is similar to that of FIG. 1 except that in FIG. 2 the textured yarn ends 12 and 13 are run over adjustable pairs of tensionadjusting pins 133, 134 and 135, 136 which may be similar in material, shape and mounting to twist-barrier pins 33 and 34 shown in FIG. 1 and previously described herein.
  • the tension-adjusting pins 133, 134, and 135, 136 may be preferably of ceramic material and may preferably be hour-glass shaped.
  • Each of the pins of a pair is mounted on the enlarged head of a threaded stud, equidistant from the center axis of the stud. This is seen best in the enlarged view of FIG. 6.
  • adjustment of the position of the pins of the pairs is made by rotating the studs to rotate the heads 137, 138.
  • the yarns 12, 13 are separated, and each of the separated yarns is trained under an inner pm (134 or 135-), then over the outer pin (133 or 136), then over a guide pin 141 or 142, and then down through the nips of the pairs of draw rolls 165 and 16 to the take up rolls 73 and 74.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of one of the pair of tensionadjusting pins, namely, pins 133, 134 mounted on stud head 137, supported in support arm 143.
  • the stud is shown provided with a wing nut.
  • the yarn in the fabric also recovers all or some of its tendency to snarl, but this is academic in the fabric stage because it is no longer necessary to run the yarn through the fabricating machine.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram which illustrates a method of the present invention.
  • a supply of non-textured yarn is pulled through a texturizing apparatus where the torque is heat-set into the yarn at a temperature of a, which in a typical case may be of the order of 400 F.
  • the textured torque-lively yarn is then cold drawn at a temperature of c which is much less than a. In a typical case, c may be room temperature of the order of 70 F.
  • the cold drawn yarn is then stored, or shipped, in package form, or may be subjected to direct fabrication as in a knitting machine, for example.
  • the fabric product is then subjected to conventional processing which may involve tumbling in an autoclave at temperature b". Temperature b is substantially higher than c but less than a.
  • temperature b may be of the order of 180-200 F.
  • the yarn in the resulting knitted or other fabric has surprising stretch.
  • actual articles of ladies hosiery, made of lS-denier nylon subjected to 10% cold drawing showed a body elongation of about 250% to 290% when tested four layers thick.
  • These tests were conducted at the leg portion of the hosiery, doubled over to present four layers, and by stretching all four layers longitudinally in unison, and by comparing the stretched length with the original length. This is an exceedingly large amount of stretch as compared to presently available stretch hosiery.
  • This invention is not limited to torque lively yarn produced by helical wrapping, but also applies to yarn that has been twisted about its own axis by means of a false twist spindle, for example.
  • Apparatus for producing a torque-lively synthetic thermoplastic yarn which is substantially completely free from tendency to snarl having (a) twisting means and heat setting means, including heating means and a cooling zone downstream of the heating means, for setting the torque in the yarn in a continuously running torqued condition,
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that adjustable yarn tensioning means are provided between said cooling zone and said draw rolls to control the percentage of elongation of said yarn in the draw zone.
  • Apparatus for producing a torque-lively synthetic plastic yarn which is substantially free of tendency to snarl having:
  • twisting means and heat-setting means including heating means and a cooling zone downstream of the heating means, for setting the torque in the yarn in a continuously running torqued condition
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 characterized in that means are provided for also driving said first rolls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US873202A 1969-11-03 1969-11-03 Apparatus for producing synthetic torque yarns Expired - Lifetime US3623311A (en)

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US87320269A 1969-11-03 1969-11-03

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US (1) US3623311A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2028959A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES382118A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2071679A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1316777A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766614A (en) * 1970-09-03 1973-10-23 Ici Ltd Apparatus for drawing filaments
US3816988A (en) * 1971-02-03 1974-06-18 Bayer Ag Process and an apparatus for the production of synthetic, crimped, highly elastic endless yarn
US3855676A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-12-24 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for drawing, separating and winding filament
DE2712379A1 (de) * 1976-03-23 1977-09-29 Scragg & Sons Texturiermaschine
US4769880A (en) * 1982-07-10 1988-09-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the continuous drawing and texturizing of filaments

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004011777A1 (de) * 2004-03-09 2005-10-06 Trevira Gmbh Falschdrahttexturiertes Monofilament

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766614A (en) * 1970-09-03 1973-10-23 Ici Ltd Apparatus for drawing filaments
US3816988A (en) * 1971-02-03 1974-06-18 Bayer Ag Process and an apparatus for the production of synthetic, crimped, highly elastic endless yarn
US3855676A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-12-24 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for drawing, separating and winding filament
DE2712379A1 (de) * 1976-03-23 1977-09-29 Scragg & Sons Texturiermaschine
US4769880A (en) * 1982-07-10 1988-09-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the continuous drawing and texturizing of filaments

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Publication number Publication date
DE2028959A1 (de) 1971-05-13
FR2071679A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-17
ES382118A1 (es) 1973-04-01
GB1316777A (en) 1973-05-16

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AS Assignment

Owner name: WARNER & SWASEY COMPANY, THE, 11000 CEDAR AVENUE,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:WARNER & SWASEY COMPANY,THE A DEL CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004365/0760

Effective date: 19850116