US3623275A - Composite abrasive finishing tool - Google Patents

Composite abrasive finishing tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US3623275A
US3623275A US875383A US3623275DA US3623275A US 3623275 A US3623275 A US 3623275A US 875383 A US875383 A US 875383A US 3623275D A US3623275D A US 3623275DA US 3623275 A US3623275 A US 3623275A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
abrasive
finishing
gear
finishing tool
tooth elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US875383A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles G Koella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Michigan Tool Co
Original Assignee
Michigan Tool Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michigan Tool Co filed Critical Michigan Tool Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3623275A publication Critical patent/US3623275A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/03—Honing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/02—Grinding discs; Grinding worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/12—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting
    • B23F5/16—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof
    • B23F5/163—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by planing or slotting the tool having a shape similar to that of a spur wheel or part thereof the tool and workpiece being in crossed axis arrangement, e.g. skiving, i.e. "Waelzschaelen"

Definitions

  • Abrasive gear-shaped finishing tools of the general type to which the present invention is applicable are in wide spread commercial use for accurately finishing the surfaces of tooth elements on workpieces such as gears, for example.
  • the abrasive finishing tool is mounted in a finishing machine such that the finishing tool is disposed in tight meshing relationship with the gear to be finished.
  • the disposition of the abrasive finishing tool relative to the workpiece usually is at crossed axes and during the finishing operation, the tool and workpiece are reciprocated longitudinally relative to each other during their rotation so that the full face width of each tooth of the workpiece is traversed by the abrasive teeth of the gear-shaped finishing tool.
  • the direction of rotation of the finishing tool and workpiece are reversed each time the direction of traversing movement is reversed so that both faces of each gear tooth are provided with an accurate surface finish and profile.
  • an abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool consisting of a cylindrical body having a plurality of tooth elements disposed therearound which are adapted to be positioned in meshing relationship with a workpiece to be finished.
  • Each of the tooth elements of the finishing tool includes a working face which is adapted to be disposed in bearing contact with the corresponding face of gear teeth on the workpiece.
  • At least some of the tooth elements of the abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool are provided with working faces that are of a composite construction consisting of a plurality of sections which are of controlled different abrasive finishing characteristics so as to provide a corresponding controlled variation in the degree and type of finishing action imparted to the surfaces of the tooth elements of workpieces being finished.
  • the present invention provides for a simple and economical process for forming abrasive finishing tools wherein at least the working faces of the tooth elements thereof can be provided with controlled variations in their abrasive properties consistent with the abrasive finishing action to be applied to precision gears.
  • all or selected ones of the tooth elements can be provided with variations in their abrasive properties along the length of their working faces as well as selected variations in the magnitude of surface area of such variant abrasive characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a gearshaped finishing tool disposed in crossed axis meshing relationship with a workpiece to be finished;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational view, partly in section, of an abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool having a composite tooth construction
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken through a typical mold for casting the blank for preparing the composite gear-shaped finishing tool
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of a mold of the type shown in FIG. 3 having a gear-shaped blank positioned therein preparatory to a final casting operation.
  • an abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool 6 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and comprises a cylindrical body having a plurality of tooth elements 8 disposed therearound.
  • the tooth elements 8 are conjugate to and are adapted to be disposed in tight meshing relationship with a toothed workpiece such as the gear 10 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the finishing tool 6! is conventionally comprised of an inner hub section 12 which may be of a synthetic, metallic or composite construction, around the periphery of which the abrasive tooth elements are disposed.
  • the finishing tool is adapted to be mounted on a spindle of a conventional finishing machine and is rotated in crossed axes relationship with the gear 10, while concurrently undergoing longitudinal reciprocation so as to provide the requisite abrasive finishing action on the working faces of the gear teeth.
  • the outer portion of the finishing tool 6, including the tooth elements 8 thereon, is composed of an abrasive matrix comprising a mixture of a suitable binding agent in combination with a controlled proportion of abrasive granules of a selected size and composition in further combination with various filler materials to impart the desired abrasive finishing characteristics to the finishing tool.
  • the binding agent comprises a suitable synthetic resin, of which copolymers of polyainide resins and epoxy resins in accordance with the disclosure of US. Pat. 3,212,869 and polyurethane resins of the type disclosed in US. Pat. 3,183,633, are conventionally preferred.
  • the abrasive matrix can contain abrasive particles in controlled amounts up to about 80% of the total abrasive matrix.
  • the abrasive constituent itself can comprise any one of a variety of finely-particulated abrasive materials of the types well known in the art, including abrasive particles such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, diamonds, glass, silicon dioxide, etc.
  • the size of the abrasive particles can broadly range from about 54 grit to about 500 grit and may comprise particles which are all of substantially the same size or, alternatively, a mixture of particles of different sizes so as to provide the desired abrasive finishing action.
  • Abrasive particles having particle sizes of a magnitude of about 500 grit serve primarily as a filler to the resin binding constituent and impart an extremely fine surface finish to the work faces of tooth elements on a workpiece 'being finished thereby.
  • abrasive particles of a larger grit size usually in the range of 54 to 22 grit effect relatively rapid metal removal from the tooth elements of the workpiece being finished.
  • the abrasive matrix can also include varying amounts of suitable filler materials which serve primarily as extenders of the resin abrasive mixture. Such fillers also contribute to the final physical properties of the abrasive tool, as well as imparting a desired surface finishing characteristic to the abrasive tooth elements.
  • suitable filler materials which serve primarily as extenders of the resin abrasive mixture.
  • Such fillers also contribute to the final physical properties of the abrasive tool, as well as imparting a desired surface finishing characteristic to the abrasive tooth elements.
  • non-wicking or non-absorbent type filler materials are preferably employed which facilitate obtaining a homogeneous blend of the abrasive matrix and further add weight and strength thereto.
  • Filler materials of the foregoing type which have been found satisfactory for this purpose include airborne silica, which is thixotropic and aids in maintaining a substantially uniform suspension of the abrasive particles in the binding agent during the setting or curing of the matrix after
  • the abrasive matrix comprises the binding agent, a controlled proportion of abrasive particles, and filler materials.
  • the binding agent can be used in amounts ranging from about 20% to about 80% by weight and preferably from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the total abrasive matrix.
  • the abrasive particles are used in amounts up to about 80% by weight and, more usually, when abrasive action is desired, in amounts of from about 30% to about 50%.
  • Filler materials ordinarily are employed in amounts up to about 50% by weight, and more usually, in amounts of from about to about by weight.
  • abrasive material used will depend on whether it is desired that selective portions of the working face of the tooth elements of an abrasive finishing tool are to provide an abrasive finishing operation or merely are intended to provide a slight polishing operation without appreciably removing any metal from the gear-shaped workpiece being finished.
  • FIG. 2 A typical gear-shaped finishing tool in which the tooth elements are of a composite construction is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the outer or addendum portion 14 of the tooth element is composed of an abrasive mixture which is integrally bonded and interlocked to the dedendum portion 16, which is of a different abrasive matrix composition, providing thereby a working face 18 of each tooth element, which is of a composite construction and provides for controlled variations in its abrasive finishing characteristics.
  • the addendum portion 14 extends radially outwardly of the pitch circle 20, indicated in dashed lines, dividing the working face 18 of the abrasive tooth elements into substantially two equal sections.
  • the point of juncture between the addendum portion and dedendum portion be staggered or offset between adjacent tooth elements so as to provide a blending of the abrasive finishing action on the tooth elements of a gear being finishing.
  • This can satisfactorily be achieved in accordance with the practice of the method aspects of the present invention by forming an original abrasive finishing tool and thereafter machining or otherwise removing the tip portions of the abrasive tooth elements in a circular pattern disposed slightly eccentric or offcenter to the axis of the finishing tool.
  • the radial depth of the addendum portion 14 of the tooth element will vary around the entire finishing tool in accordance with the dotted line indicated at 22 in FIG. 2, which is disposed eccentric to the pitch circle 20 in an exaggerated relationship for the purposes of illustration.
  • the bonding agent used for different sections of the composite tooth elements 8 of the finishing tool may be identical to or may be of different chemical composition to provide the desired re sultant physical and abrasive characteristics of the composite finishing tool.
  • the abrasive matrix consists of a polyamide cured epoxy resin or, alternatively, a polyurethane resin binder.
  • the addendum portion preferably is comprised of the epoxy polyamide resin binder which provides for a tenacious bond to the dedendum or hub portion of the finishing tool, which may be of a similar resin binder or may also consist of a polyurethane-type binding agent.
  • the addendum portion is preferably mechanically interlocked to the dedendum portion of the composite tooth element, further enhancing the strength of such a composite tooth structure and minimizing any tendency of separation of the two portions at their parting lines.
  • Typical of a variety of mechanical interlocking devices that can be satisfactorily employed for this purpose are apertures indicated at 24 in FIGS. 2 and 4, which are provided and extend radially inwardly of the dedendum portions of the tooth elements which are adapted to become filled with and rigidly interlocked with the abrasive matrix of the addendum portion of the tooth element.
  • the specific abrasive characteristics of the addendum and dedendum portions 14, 16 of the tooth elements are selected so as to apply the appropriate corrective action to the faces of the gear-shaped workpieces in accordance with the dimensional inaccuracies present.
  • the addendum portions of the brasive finishing tool are provided with the desired type and quantity of abrasive particles, while the dedendum portion may be completely devoid of any abrasive materials or may contain a lesser proportion of smaller grit size particles to impart only a minimal abrasive finishing action to the addendum portions of the tooth elements on the workpiece.
  • the composite gear-shaped finishing tool is prepared by employing a mold assembly as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawing.
  • the mold as illustrated, consists of a circular base plate 26 on which an internal master gear 28 is detachably secured and is disposed with the tooth elements thereof concentric to a central stud 30.
  • the hub 12 of the finishing tool is itself of a composite construction and comprises an inner metallic hub section 32 and a plastic rim section 34 securely bonded thereto and extending radially outwardly therefrom to a point adjacent to the tooth elements on the master internal gear 28.
  • the composite hub is clamped in position on the base plate 26 by a clamping member 35, removably secured to the central stud 30.
  • the space extending between the periphery of the plastic rim 34 and the internal gear mold 28 is adapted to be filled with a suitable liquid mixture consisting of the resin bonding agent and appropriate proportions of suitable filler materials and/or abrasive particles consistent with the intended abrasive finishing action that is desired with respect to the dedendum portion of the tooth elements thereof.
  • the resultant gear blank indicated at 38 in FIG. 4 is thereafter reinserted in a mold assembly of the same or similar type as that shown in FIG. 3, which similarly is provided with an encircling master internal gear 28.
  • the terminal cavities indicated at 40 are filled with a liquid abrasive mixture which, upon subsequent curing, becomes tenaciously bonded to the end portions of the tooth elements of the 'blank.
  • a composite abrasive finishing tool is fabricated employing a composite hub structure as shown in FIG. 3, which is placed in a mold assembly and a liquid resin abrasive mixture is poured in the annular cavity, effecting a filling thereof.
  • the resin abrasive mixture has a composition as follows:
  • the epoxy resin is commercially available from General Mills, Inc., under the designation Genepoxy-190, and is derived from the polymerization of bis-phenol-A and epichlorohydrin, providing a resin having an epoxide equivalent value of 187-191, a Brookfield viscosity of from about 11,000- 16,000 centipoises at 25 C., and a specific gravity of 1.18.
  • the mixture of the epoxy resin, polyamide resin and filler is made by gentle mixing to minimize entrapment of air and the resultant blend is thereafter allowed to stand for a period of twenty minutes to enable escape of the major portion of entrapped air bubbles.
  • a suitable release agent such as a silicon fluid designated as No. 20 available from Dow-Corning Corporation, is applied in the form of a solvent solution to the surfaces of the mold, whereafter the volatile solvent consisting of a mixture of toluene and alcohol is allowed to evaporate.
  • the resultant resin mixture containing the filler is poured in the annular region between the peripheral portion of the hub and the internal master gear and allowed to solidify at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature for a period of about 12 hours.
  • the polyamide resin and epoxy resin are identical to those empolyed in preparing the blank of the abrasive finishing tool.
  • the resultant resin abrasive mixture similarly is mixed and is poured in the terminal tooth cavities 40 illustrated in FIG. 4 and is allowed to cure for a period of 12 hours at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature.
  • the resultant composite tool is thereafter removed and the side surfaces thereof are trimmed, providing a finishing tool of the desired width and possessing a dual abrasive finishing characteristic along its working tooth surfaces.
  • EXAMPLE II A similar abrasive finishing tool having composite tooth elements is prepared wherein a composite hub of the type employed in Example I is used in forming a blank with the peripheral portion consisting of a resin abrasive mixture of the following composition:
  • the tooth elements thereof are machined as previously described in Example I and a 0-50 resin filler composition consisting of 25% epoxy resin, 25% polyamide resin and 50% filler, consisting of carbon black and zinc oxide, is prepared which is cast in the peripheral cavities forming a composite finishing tool.
  • a 0-50 resin filler composition consisting of 25% epoxy resin, 25% polyamide resin and 50% filler, consisting of carbon black and zinc oxide, is prepared which is cast in the peripheral cavities forming a composite finishing tool.
  • the addendum portions of the tooth element of the finishing tool possess only minimal finishing action, whereas the dedendum portions effect an abrasive finishing action on the addendum portions of a workpiece to be finished.
  • a similar composite finishing tool is prepared in which a polyurethane resin is employed for forming the peripheral portion of the finishing tool blank wherein the polyurethane resin comprises 30% by weight of the mixture with the balance consisting of a 50-50 mixture of a No. 80 silicon carbide grit and-a No. 54 aluminum oxide grit.
  • the peripheral tooth tip portions of the finishing tool are composed of a resin abrasive mixture consisting of 21.9% polyamide resin, 11.6% epoxy resin, a 36-grit alumina abrasive present in an amount of 59.8% and the balance a ZOO-grit alumina.
  • the foregoing composite finishing tool provides a higher abrasive action along the dedendum portions of the working faces of its tooth elements and a lesser abrasive action along the addendum sections of the working faces thereof.
  • An abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool comprising a cylindrical body having a plurality of tooth elements therearound adapted to be disposed in meshing relationship with a workpiece to be finished, each of said tooth elements including a Working face comprised of a bonded matrix, at least a portion of said tooth elements being of a composite construction wherein said working face thereof is divided into a plurality of sections each having a different abrasive finishing characteristic in order to impart selected variations in the abrasive finishing action on a workpiece being finished.
  • abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool as defined in claim 1, wherein the composite said tooth elements comprise a dedendum portion composed of a bonded abrasive matrix of a first composition and an addendum portion of a bonded abrasive matrix of a second composition provided with a controlled different abrasive mixture, said addendum and dedendum portions tenaciously bonded to each other forming an integral composite tooth element.
  • abrasive gear-shaped finishing tool as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of said sections of said working face is composed of a bonded matrix substantially devoid of an abrasive particles therein, thereby rendering that section substantially ineffectual in removing material from a workpiece during a finishing operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US875383A 1969-11-10 1969-11-10 Composite abrasive finishing tool Expired - Lifetime US3623275A (en)

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US87538369A 1969-11-10 1969-11-10

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US3623275A true US3623275A (en) 1971-11-30

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US (1) US3623275A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2071670A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1257149A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3909990A (en) * 1973-10-24 1975-10-07 Lear Siegler Inc Finishing hypoid gears
US3913278A (en) * 1971-06-03 1975-10-21 John N Kokoras Abrasive cylinder for hide treating machines
US4707950A (en) * 1986-04-16 1987-11-24 Toho Yogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ring grinding tool
WO1999024203A1 (de) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-20 Rappold International Sales Ag Verbundhonring
US7144315B1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2006-12-05 Storm Pneumatic Tool Co., Ltd. Grinding wheel
WO2009015643A3 (de) * 2007-07-30 2009-06-11 Jahnel Kestermann Getriebewerk Zahnflankenpolierwerkzeug und dessen verwendung
US8007347B1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2011-08-30 Dynabrade, Inc. Rotary abrading tool
WO2022084199A1 (de) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-28 Gleason-Hurth Tooling Gmbh Verfahren der bearbeitung einer verzahnung, verzahnungswerkzeug und verzahnungsmaschine

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913278A (en) * 1971-06-03 1975-10-21 John N Kokoras Abrasive cylinder for hide treating machines
US3909990A (en) * 1973-10-24 1975-10-07 Lear Siegler Inc Finishing hypoid gears
US4707950A (en) * 1986-04-16 1987-11-24 Toho Yogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Ring grinding tool
WO1999024203A1 (de) * 1997-11-10 1999-05-20 Rappold International Sales Ag Verbundhonring
US7144315B1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2006-12-05 Storm Pneumatic Tool Co., Ltd. Grinding wheel
US8007347B1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2011-08-30 Dynabrade, Inc. Rotary abrading tool
WO2009015643A3 (de) * 2007-07-30 2009-06-11 Jahnel Kestermann Getriebewerk Zahnflankenpolierwerkzeug und dessen verwendung
US20100261415A1 (en) * 2007-07-30 2010-10-14 Jahnel-Kestermann Getriebewerke Gmbh Tooth flank polishing tool
WO2022084199A1 (de) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-28 Gleason-Hurth Tooling Gmbh Verfahren der bearbeitung einer verzahnung, verzahnungswerkzeug und verzahnungsmaschine
US12145209B2 (en) 2020-10-19 2024-11-19 Gleason Cutting Tools Gmbh Method for cutting a gear, gear-cutting tool and gear-cutting machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1257149A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-15
DE2054502A1 (de) 1971-05-27
FR2071670A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-17

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