US362233A - Process of and apparatus for manufacturing gas - Google Patents
Process of and apparatus for manufacturing gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US362233A US362233A US362233DA US362233A US 362233 A US362233 A US 362233A US 362233D A US362233D A US 362233DA US 362233 A US362233 A US 362233A
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- fixing
- gas
- pipe
- fuel
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J1/00—Production of fuel gases by carburetting air or other gases without pyrolysis
- C10J1/213—Carburetting by pyrolysis of solid carbonaceous material in a carburettor
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of illuminating-gas, and more particularly to the method of subjecting theearbnreted water-gas to a progressively-increasing temperature in the fixing-chamber bypassing it into the cooler portion of such chamber and passing it out at the hottest portion thereof, thereby preventing carbonization of the oily matter or formation of lamp-black and consequent waste of hydrocarbon oil or vapor.
- the hot-water gas and hydrocarbon oil or vapor may be combined in any known manner, and the mixture then passed through the fixing-chamber in the reverse direction to that in which the fixingchamber was heated.
- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of my improved gas-generating apparatus.
- Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the gas-generating apparatus, having modifications in constructions.
- the cupola generatorA is built of brick with an iron jacket in the usual manner, and about one-third the distance from the bottom is divided by an arch or diaphragm, B, forming a fuel-chamber, G, at the base, and a fixing or superheating chamber, D, at the top.
- the arched partition B is provided with one open ing, b, centrally located, as shown, and serves to establish direct communication at will between the fuel-chamber and the fixing-chamher.
- a damper or slide valve, a composed of firetile or soapstone, and having handle a, controls opening 12, so that it may be closed or opened, as desired.
- the fuel-chamber is provided at the base with the usual grate, c, and
- Air blast pipes (Z and cl, having valves r 1*, connect, respectively, with the ashpit and top of the fuel-chamber.
- Aperforated arch, D is built a short distance above arch B, and serves to support the refractory material of the fixing or superheating chamber.
- a tubular fuel-supply chute, E extends diagonally from the outside of the fixing-chamber to the central portion thereof, passing through arch D and terminating in an open end just above opening b, and has a cap or lid closing its outer end.
- a steam-supply pipe, T having valve t, connects with ash-pit U.
- Asholt stack or chimney, F having a tight-fitting lid, f, leads from the top of fixing-chamber D, for the escape of waste products of combustion.
- the gastakeofi pipe G leads from the top of the fixingchamber into the hydraulic seal-box G, from which extends pipe G, which connects with the usual condensing and purifying apparatus.
- the gastake-off pipe G leads from the base of the fixing-chamber, or, moreborreetly, from small chamber at, between arches B and-D means of this arrangement and an auxiliary carburetingpipe or flue, hereinafter described,
- the carbureted water-gas is passed into the top or cooler portion of the refractory material, thence down through it and out at the hottest portion of such material at the base of the fixing-chamber, whereby it is subjected to progressively-increasing temperatures, and destructive decomposition of the hydrocarbons and formation of lamp-black is prevented.
- the top or upper portion of the fuel-chamber is connected by an auxiliary carbureting and mixing pipe, having a controlling-valve with the fixingchamber for conducting water-gas from the fuel and decomposing chamber into the fixingchamber at some point above arch B.
- Fig. 1 the pipe H connectsby pipe H with the top of fuel-chamber C, and by pipe H with the base of fixing-chamber D, through the small chamber or.
- Valve h having rod 2' passing through a stuffing-box, controls the nlet to pipe H, and such valve being conical it IS seated in the end of connecting-pipe H.
- Other forms of valve might be used-such as a gate-valve or a plug-valve-suitably fitted in pipe H or H.
- pipe H connects by pipe H with the top or fuel chamber, 0, as'in Fig. 1, but is made much longer than the one in such figure, being extended to the top of the fixing-chamber, where it connects by pipe H with such chamber above the refractory material.
- a controlling-valve, It, with rodz' is applied to the pipe, as in Fig. 1.
- An oil-spraying nozzle, 02, havlng a supply-pipe, l, is placed at the top of pipe H, and in Fig. 2 an injector, I, having steam-plpe 7c and oil-supply pipe Z, connects with the lower end of pipe H, and the branch oil-supply pipes Z and Z connect with the main oil-supply pipe L.
- the fire is blown with an air-blast till the fuel is heated to incandescence, and at the same time the hot gaseous products are burned by an air-blast above the fuel for heating up the fixing-chamber to the desired temperature, the valve or damper a and lid f being at that time open and valve h closed.
- the fuel and the refractory material belng properly heated the air-blasts are shut off, valve to and lid f are closed, and valve it opened, and steam is admitted to the base of the fuel by opening valve t in pipe T.
- combustion first enter it, and isheatcd to gradually-dccreasing temperatures toward the top,
- the oil-vapor By passing the gas and oil vapor first into the cooler portion of the fixing-chamber the oil-vapor gradually expands and becomes uniformly diffused through and mixed with the water-gas, so that the oil-vapor is not burned or changed to lamp-black and thus wasted, and by the time the gas passes from the hottest part of the fixing-chamber it is uniformly fixed, and is of superior quality.
- a cupola gas generator or apparatus having a combustion-chamber for burning solid hydrocarbons, and a fixing chamber or superheatcr containing refractory material for absorbing heat, the combustion-chamber having two openings or flues from its top into the fixing or superheating chamber, both fines or openings being controlled by a valve or damper arranged so as to cause the products of combustion to enter the fixing or superheating -chamber and come into contact with the refractory material through one of the fines or openings and the water-gas to enter through the other fine or opening.
- a cupola gas generator or apparatus having a combustion-chamber for burning solid hydrocarbons, and a fixing or superheating chamber containing refractory material for absorbing heat, the combustion-chamber having two fines or openings from its top into the fixing or superheating chamber, both flues or openings being controlled by a valve or damper, one of said fines or openings entering the fixing or superheating chamber at or near the bottom, and the other fiue or opening entering the fixing or superheating chamber at or near the top, arranged so as to cause the products of combustion to enter the fixing or superheating chamber aud come into contact with the refractory material through one of the flues or openings, and the water-gas to enter through the other flue or opening.
- the generating chamber and the fixing or superheating chamber of a cupola gas-generator connected by a valved flue or passage-way leading from the top of the generating-cham- 5 ber tothe bottom of the fixing-chamber, in combination with a valved flue or passage-way leading from the top of the generating-chain her to the topof the fixing-chamber, whereby the water-gas may be passed first into the cooler portion of the fixing-chamber and be by the carbureted water-gas may be passed into the coolest portion of the fixing-chamber and subjected to gradually-increasing temperature till it is passed out at the hottest portion of the chamber.
- the generating-chamber connected at the top by a valved passage-way with the bottom of the fixing or superheating chamber, in combination with a valved flue leading from the top of the generating-chamber to the top of the fixing-chamber, an oil-supply pipe or nozzle connecting at the top of such flue, a smokestack leading from the top of the fixing-chamber, and a gas-takeoff pipe leading from the bottom thereof, for the purposes described.
Description
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
T. G; SPRINGER.
PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.
No. 362,233. Patented May 3, 1887.
(No Model.) 2'Sheets-She'et T. G. SPRINGER. PROCESS OF AN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.
No. 362,233. 4 Patented May 3, 1887.
% messes; Q v eZzaenZ-o ZL a. news. MSW Wmmnglm no UNITED ST TES PATENT OFFICE.
THEODOREVG. SPRINGER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONAL GASLIGHT AND FUEL COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 362,233, dated May 3, 1887.
. Application filed March 7, 1885.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, THEODORE G. SPRINGER, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of and Apparatus for Manufacturing Gas, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.
This invention relates to the manufacture of illuminating-gas, and more particularly to the method of subjecting theearbnreted water-gas to a progressively-increasing temperature in the fixing-chamber bypassing it into the cooler portion of such chamber and passing it out at the hottest portion thereof, thereby preventing carbonization of the oily matter or formation of lamp-black and consequent waste of hydrocarbon oil or vapor. The hot-water gas and hydrocarbon oil or vapor may be combined in any known manner, and the mixture then passed through the fixing-chamber in the reverse direction to that in which the fixingchamber was heated.
The improvements will be disclosed in the description of the construction and operation of the apparatus, and will be particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of my improved gas-generating apparatus. Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the gas-generating apparatus, having modifications in constructions.
The cupola generatorA is built of brick with an iron jacket in the usual manner, and about one-third the distance from the bottom is divided by an arch or diaphragm, B, forming a fuel-chamber, G, at the base, and a fixing or superheating chamber, D, at the top. The arched partition B is provided with one open ing, b, centrally located, as shown, and serves to establish direct communication at will between the fuel-chamber and the fixing-chamher.
A damper or slide valve, a, composed of firetile or soapstone, and having handle a, controls opening 12, so that it may be closed or opened, as desired. The fuel-chamber is provided at the base with the usual grate, c, and
Serial No. 158,006. (No model.)
door a. Air blast pipes (Z and cl, having valves r 1*, connect, respectively, with the ashpit and top of the fuel-chamber. Aperforated arch, D, is built a short distance above arch B, and serves to support the refractory material of the fixing or superheating chamber. A tubular fuel-supply chute, E, extends diagonally from the outside of the fixing-chamber to the central portion thereof, passing through arch D and terminating in an open end just above opening b, and has a cap or lid closing its outer end. A steam-supply pipe, T, having valve t, connects with ash-pit U. Asholt stack or chimney, F,having a tight-fitting lid, f, leads from the top of fixing-chamber D, for the escape of waste products of combustion.
In the cupola represented by Fig. 1 the gastakeofi pipe G leads from the top of the fixingchamber into the hydraulic seal-box G, from which extends pipe G, which connects with the usual condensing and purifying apparatus.
With this arrangement the carbureted watergasis passed up through the heated refractory material of the fixing chamber and is conducted away from the top of such chamber.
In the cupola represented by Fig. 2 the gastake-off pipe G leads from the base of the fixing-chamber, or, moreborreetly, from small chamber at, between arches B and-D means of this arrangement and an auxiliary carburetingpipe or flue, hereinafter described,
the carbureted water-gas is passed into the top or cooler portion of the refractory material, thence down through it and out at the hottest portion of such material at the base of the fixing-chamber, whereby it is subjected to progressively-increasing temperatures, and destructive decomposition of the hydrocarbons and formation of lamp-black is prevented.
In both forms of the generator the top or upper portion of the fuel-chamber is connected by an auxiliary carbureting and mixing pipe, having a controlling-valve with the fixingchamber for conducting water-gas from the fuel and decomposing chamber into the fixingchamber at some point above arch B.
In Fig. 1 the pipe H connectsby pipe H with the top of fuel-chamber C, and by pipe H with the base of fixing-chamber D, through the small chamber or. Valve h, having rod 2' passing through a stuffing-box, controls the nlet to pipe H, and such valve being conical it IS seated in the end of connecting-pipe H. Other forms of valve might be used-such as a gate-valve or a plug-valve-suitably fitted in pipe H or H.
In Fig. 2 pipe H connects by pipe H with the top or fuel chamber, 0, as'in Fig. 1, but is made much longer than the one in such figure, being extended to the top of the fixing-chamber, where it connects by pipe H with such chamber above the refractory material. A controlling-valve, It, with rodz' is applied to the pipe, as in Fig. 1. An oil-spraying nozzle, 02, havlng a supply-pipe, l, is placed at the top of pipe H, and in Fig. 2 an injector, I, having steam-plpe 7c and oil-supply pipe Z, connects with the lower end of pipe H, and the branch oil-supply pipes Z and Z connect with the main oil-supply pipe L.
Inmanufacturing gas the fire is blown with an air-blast till the fuel is heated to incandescence, and at the same time the hot gaseous products are burned by an air-blast above the fuel for heating up the fixing-chamber to the desired temperature, the valve or damper a and lid f being at that time open and valve h closed. The fuel and the refractory material belng properly heated the air-blasts are shut off, valve to and lid f are closed, and valve it opened, and steam is admitted to the base of the fuel by opening valve t in pipe T. It is decomposed by passing through the fuel, and the resulting hot water-gas passes into pipe H, where it is carbureted to the desired candlepower by the spray of hydrocarbon oil or vapor admitted through nozzle n or injector I. If the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 be used, then the carburetcd gas passes up through the refractory material, where it is fixed, and is then conducted off from the top of the fixing-chamber by pipe G.
In the operation of heating up the apparatus the fixing-chamber becomes most highly heated atthe base, where the hot product; of
combustion first enter it, and isheatcd to gradually-dccreasing temperatures toward the top,
where it is at the lowest temperature. Now, it has been found advantageous to pass the carbureted water-gas first into the cooler portion of the fixing-chamber and conduct it into the successively hotter portions till it finally passes out at the hottest portion of such chamber. I therefore construct the apparatus as shown in Fig. 2, with the gas-inlet pipe connecting with the top of the fixingchamber, and conduct the carbureted gas in at the top and take it off at the base of the fixing chamber by means of pipe G, extending to the hydraulic seal-box.
By passing the gas and oil vapor first into the cooler portion of the fixing-chamber the oil-vapor gradually expands and becomes uniformly diffused through and mixed with the water-gas, so that the oil-vapor is not burned or changed to lamp-black and thus wasted, and by the time the gas passes from the hottest part of the fixing-chamber it is uniformly fixed, and is of superior quality.
Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. The process of generating gas, which consists in heating a body of fuel to incandescence by an air-blast and by means of the resulting gaseous products heating up a fixing-chamber, then decomposing steam by bringing it in contact with the highly-heated fuel, producing water-gas, then carbureting the hot water-gas with hydrocarbon vapor, and passing the resulting mixture through the fixing-chamber in the reverse direction from that in which such chamber was heated, thus subjecting the mixture to an increasing temperature until a homogeneous fixed gas is produced in said fixing-chamber, whereby the formation of lampblack is prevented and improved results socured.
2. The process of generating gas, which consists in heating a body of fuel to incandescenee by an air-blast, then burning the resulting hot gaseous products by a current of air, heating up a fixing-chamber, then decomposing steam by bringingitin contact with thehighly-heated fuel, producing water gas, then carbureting the hot water gas with hydrocarbon vapor, and passing the resulting mixture into the cooler portion of the fixing-chamber, subjecting it to an increasing temperature, and passing it out at the hottest portion of such chamber, whereby the formation of-lamp-black is prevented and improved results secured.
3. A cupola gas generator or apparatus having a combustion-chamber for burning solid hydrocarbons, and a fixing chamber or superheatcr containing refractory material for absorbing heat, the combustion-chamber having two openings or flues from its top into the fixing or superheating chamber, both fines or openings being controlled by a valve or damper arranged so as to cause the products of combustion to enter the fixing or superheating -chamber and come into contact with the refractory material through one of the fines or openings and the water-gas to enter through the other fine or opening.
4. A cupola gas generator or apparatus having a combustion-chamber for burning solid hydrocarbons, and a fixing or superheating chamber containing refractory material for absorbing heat, the combustion-chamber having two fines or openings from its top into the fixing or superheating chamber, both flues or openings being controlled by a valve or damper, one of said fines or openings entering the fixing or superheating chamber at or near the bottom, and the other fiue or opening entering the fixing or superheating chamber at or near the top, arranged so as to cause the products of combustion to enter the fixing or superheating chamber aud come into contact with the refractory material through one of the flues or openings, and the water-gas to enter through the other flue or opening.
IIO
5. The generating chamber and the fixing or superheating chamber of a cupola gas-generator, connected by a valved flue or passage-way leading from the top of the generating-cham- 5 ber tothe bottom of the fixing-chamber, in combination with a valved flue or passage-way leading from the top of the generating-chain her to the topof the fixing-chamber, whereby the water-gas may be passed first into the cooler portion of the fixing-chamber and be by the carbureted water-gas may be passed into the coolest portion of the fixing-chamber and subjected to gradually-increasing temperature till it is passed out at the hottest portion of the chamber.
7. The generating-chamber connected at the top by a valved passage-way with the bottom of the fixing or superheating chamber, in combination with a valved flue leading from the top of the generating-chamber to the top of the fixing-chamber, an oil-supply pipe or nozzle connecting at the top of such flue, a smokestack leading from the top of the fixing-chamber, and a gas-takeoff pipe leading from the bottom thereof, for the purposes described.
In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.
THEODORE G. SPRINGER. lVitnesses:
7 JOHN T. ARMS, W. O. ALvoRD.
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US362233A true US362233A (en) | 1887-05-03 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20190230153A1 (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-07-25 | The Toronto-Dominion Bank | Dynamic generation and provisioning of digital content to network-connected devices |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190230153A1 (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2019-07-25 | The Toronto-Dominion Bank | Dynamic generation and provisioning of digital content to network-connected devices |
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