US3622077A - Apparatus for air-laying wet fibers - Google Patents

Apparatus for air-laying wet fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3622077A
US3622077A US702364A US3622077DA US3622077A US 3622077 A US3622077 A US 3622077A US 702364 A US702364 A US 702364A US 3622077D A US3622077D A US 3622077DA US 3622077 A US3622077 A US 3622077A
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Prior art keywords
stream
conduit
nozzle means
edge
air
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US702364A
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Donald E Wiegand
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Leucadia Inc
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Conwed Corp
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Assigned to LEUCADIA, INC., A CORP OF NY. reassignment LEUCADIA, INC., A CORP OF NY. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CONWED CORPORATION
Assigned to LEUCADIA, INC., A CORP. OF NEW YORK reassignment LEUCADIA, INC., A CORP. OF NEW YORK ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CONWED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In an apparatus for mixing an air-fiber stream with a liquid spray and dispersing the same, the outlet creates a vena contracta in the air-fiber stream and the nozzles for the liquid spray are thin and have steeply sloped upstream edges to prevent hang-up of fiber and any resulting clots.
  • DONALD E. W/EGA/VD H/S ATTORNEY PATENTEUunv 23 I9 SHEET 2 OF 2 INVIINTOR.
  • DONALD E. W/EGAND H/S ATTOR/V APPARATUS FOR AIR-LAYING WET FIBERS In my copending U.S. applications Ser. No. 702,365, filed Feb. 1, I968, and Ser. No. 702,363, filed Feb. I, I968, I have disclosed various means of improving the mixing of an airfiber stream with a binder carrying liquid spray by spraying the liquid from within the air-fiber stream.
  • the mixing is enchanced by restricting the air-fiber streams either within the dispersing mechanism itself or within a vena contracta created just beyond the outlet of the disperser and the spraying of a flaring liquid spray into the air-fiber stream from a nozzle orifice located within the air-fiber stream at or adjacent to the point where the air-fiber stream is contracting.
  • the object of this invention is to retain the advantages of internal spraying of liquid into an air-fiber stream from within the same as disclosed in my said copending cases and to achieve substantially total elimination of the problem of fiber hang-up and the attendant unevenness of mat.
  • Another specific object of this invention is to prevent fiber hang-up" by the specific design of the liquid spray nozzle or nozzles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic showing of a felting apparatus incorporating the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged prospective view of the felting head portion of FIG. 1 taken upwardly from beneath the head.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the head shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line 3-3.
  • FIG. 4 is a still further enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a prospective view of one of the nozzles of my invention.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show cross sections comparable generally to FIG. 3 of modified forms of the head shown in FIGS. 1-4.
  • FIG. 8 is a top plan view taken along the line 88 in FIG. 1.
  • a felting apparatus is shown as including a fan 12 driven by the motor 14 and having an air and fiber inlet conduit I6 for fiber or fibrous material fed to the apparatus from supply 18, for example, in the manner set forth in US. Pat. No. 2,646,381.
  • the air-fiber stream from fan 12 is conveyed through cylindrical outlet duct 22 to and through elbow 23, a transition section 42, another elbow 43, and finally the felting head generally indicated at 10.
  • the fibrous mat is then formed upon and collected by any suitable means such as indicated generally at 20.
  • the collecting means 20 is essentially conventional and, as shown in FIG. 1, is located at a suitable distance from the felting head 10. As shown, there is an endless conveyor screen 24 running over roll 32 and over a suction box 26 connected by conduit 28 to a suction means (not shown). A felted mat 34 of adhesive-carrying fibers is shown building up on the conveyor 24.
  • the felted mat 34 forming upon the conveyor 24 is created the the impingement upon the screen 24 and the forming mat 34 of an air-fiber stream generally indicated at 36 which has mixed therewith and mixing therewith a liquid spray as more fully discussed hereinafter.
  • the transition section 42 is provided to change the cross-sectional shape of the conduit from cylindrical to rectangular. As best shown in FIGS. I and 8, the transition section 42 narrows in one direction and widens in the other direction, cross-sectionally considered. As shown in FIG. 1, the walls 45 and 47 of the transition portion 42 taper toward each other, from right to left, from the cylindrical elbow 23 toward the rectangular elbow 43. In FIG. 8, as shown, the opposite walls 49 and 51 taper away from each other from the cylindrical elbow 23 toward the rectangular elbow 43. While the apparatus shown in FIG. I incorporates elbows 23 and 43 in the conduit system, it is obvious that either one or both of these elbows may be dispensed with.
  • the felting head 10 is rectangular in cross section, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the felting head 10 comprises an upper rectangular portion 38 with straight parallel sides and a lower portion 40 which has its two longer sides 44 and 48 tapering toward each other in the direction of the outlet 58.
  • the other narrow sides 46 and 53 are not similar tapered but, rather, are straight continuations from the upper section 38.
  • the cross-sectional area of the upper portion 38 is dimensioned to be approximately the same as the cross-sectional area of the conduit 22 in order to maintain substantially the same velocity of the air-fiber stream. Some slight difference in cross-sectional area of the upper portion 38 over the crosssectional area of the conduit 22 is permissible; however, it has been found advantageous to keep the two cross-sectional areas substantially the same.
  • the transition portion 42 is very gradual, and it is known that an included angle between the sides 49 and 51 of 6 to l I minimizes shock loss, with 6 being preferred in this environment.
  • the other walls 45 and 47 can converge (in the direction of flow) at any angle that will preserve the flow velocity.
  • the felting head 10 must similarly be of approximately that width. In such circumstances, it may be necessary to use a plurality of airfiber stream feeding mechanisms, including a plurality of fans 12, infeeds l6 and 18, and a plurality of ducts 22 leading to a single felting head through a plurality of transition portions 42. In such construction, the cross-sectional area of the portion 38 of the felting head 10 should be kept approximately the same as the total cross-sectional area of all of the conduits 22.
  • the lower tapered walls 44 and 48 of the tapered section 40 of the felting head create a vena contracta in the exiting airfiber stream 36.
  • the vena contracta will be from only the two longitudinal sides of the airstream, since only the two longer sides 44 and 48 of the lower portion 40 of the felting head are tapered to create the two-sided vena contracta.
  • the exiting airstream 36 constricts in the portion 52 forming a vena contracta or a maximum constricted portion 50, and then expands in the portion 54.
  • the air-fiber stream within the felting head is first contracting within the lower portion 40 and therebeyond in the area indicated at 52 until it reaches the point or area of maximum contraction 50, and from thence it expands as indicated at 54.
  • a plurality of nozzles 30 positioned to create a flaring spray 56 of liquid particles, which spray 56 is flaring outwardly from within the air-fiber stream is contracting.
  • the orifices 60 of the nozzles 30 are located such that the spray 56 produced by the nozzles 30 is largely or entirely outside the outlet 58 of the felting head such that the liquid spray 56 will be within the airfiber stream and located vertically substantially at the vena contracta or slightly thereabove.
  • the location of the orifices 60 of the nozzles 30 may vary between two extremes.
  • the orifices 60 of the nozzles 30 should not be placed so far downstream that the flaring liquid spray 56 from the orifices 60 begins beyond the vena contracta, since the best mixing is achieved when the air-fiber stream is necking down to form the vena contracta at about the point or area where the liquid spray or sprays 56 are flaring outwardly, thus crating a convergence of the two streams.
  • the liquid spray or sprays 56 from the orifices 60 will have an opportunity to reach the inside walls 44, 46, 48, and 53 of the lower portion 40 of the felting head and thus form festoons or clots of fiber and liquid (which liquid usually includes a sticky binder) which will tend to fall into the mat, creating uneven areas. Accordingly, the orifices 60 should be far enough downstream (though they may actually physically still be within the felting head as shown) that it will be impossible for the spray or sprays 56 emerging therefrom to strike the inside of the walls of the felting head.
  • the orifices 60 must be sufficiently upstream with respect to the air-fiber stream that the flaring liquid spray or sprays 56 will be expanding in the area 52 of the formation of the vena contracta and throughout the length of the formation of the vena contracta. It will be appreciated that within these two extremes there is considerable latitude for the location of the orifices 60 and the nozzles 30. The particular location and the degree of the vena contracta can be controlled by the degree of the taper in the portion 40 of the felting head and other facts indicated hereinafter.
  • the air-fiber stream will serve to form an envelope or air curtain to contain the liquid spray within the confines of the air-fiber stream. If the liquid spray is too strong or too large in cross section for the particular air-fiber stream velocity and force, the liquid spray will break through the air-fiber stream and spray fugitive liquid particles outside of the air-fiber stream and downwardly upon the mat being formed. Conversely, if the liquid spray is of inadequate dimension, velocity, and force with respect to the associated particular air-fiber stream, the liquid spray will not satisfactorily mix with the outermost portions of the air-fiber stream.
  • the spray will consist of a liquid binder for the fibers carried in the air-fiber stream.
  • a starch solution is a starch solution.
  • the binder may consist of a dry particulate matter incorporated in the air-fiber stream which is then activated by the water or other liquid of the liquid spray.
  • suitably uniform mixing of the liquid and the fiber is essential. As indicated, this mixing may required adjustments in positioning and velocities for different fibers and binders as well as for different rates of mat formation.
  • FIG. 4 The details of the nozzles 30 are shown best in FIG. 4, in which one ofthe nozzles 30 is shown in cross section as including two horizontal conduits 62 and 64 bored therein. Adjacent the inner end of the conduit 64 is bored a crossing vertical conduit 68 opening to said conduit 64 on one end and to the outside at the lower edge 72 of the nozzle 30 at the other end. At the inner end ofthe conduit 62 a smaller diameter bore 66 extends downwardly and intersects the bore 64 and is concentric with the bore 68. Within the bore 68 is a tube 74 extending from or from close to the bore 64 downwardly beyond the lower edge 72 of the nozzle 30 to form the orifice 60 of the spray nozzle 30.
  • this tube 74 is not absolutely essential, it does provide for replacement of the tube with tubes of different internal diameter as may be required for different mixtures ofliquid and air.
  • a smaller diameter tube 76 which extends from or from close to the conduit 62 downwardly through the tube 74 and concentric therewith and terminating at about the same plane as the bottom edge of the tube 74, thus to form therewith the orifice 60.
  • the outer tube 74 may be soldered in place as indicated at 78.
  • the tube 76 is preferably held in place merely by friction fit within the bore 66.
  • conduits 62 and 64 are connected by conventional means 82 and 84 respectively to sources of supply of liquid and air respectively, which fluids are provided under pressure in a conventional manner.
  • the nozzles 30 are mounted tightly against the walls 44 and 48 by means of screws 86 tapped into the nozzles 30 through nontapped openings 88 through the walls 44 and 48 of the lower portion 40 of the felting head 10.
  • the shape and dimension of the nozzles 30 are generally of considerable length as compared to, say, wood fibers such as aspen fibers or sulfite fibers which are quite short. Such long fibers tend to hang-up" on the least projection in the felting head or in the conduits carrying the air-fiber stream.
  • the instant invention incorporates nozzles 30 which completely prevent the hang-up" of even the longest fibers and other fibers prone to such hang-up.”
  • the inner edge of the nozzles 30 comprises two portions 90 and 92.
  • the vertical and innermost edge 92 will not tend to obstruct fibers since it is parallel to the general direction of the air-fiber stream.
  • the edge 90 is at a considerable angle to the direction of the air-fiber stream. Any fibers striking the edge 90 will either fall 05 to one side or the other of the nozzle 30 or will tend to slide downwardly along the edge 90 and drop off from the nozzle 30 at the point 94, where the edges 90 and 92 intersect. In this way, no fiber buildup or hang-up will develop.
  • the angle between the edge 90 and the vertical centerline 96 of the felting head which will achieve the desired results is, in part, determined empirically for any given fiber, texture, and length; however, it has been found that an angle of 45 between the edge 90 and the centerline 96 serves the purposes for most common fibers encountered. Of course, any increase over this 45 will tend to enhance the possibility offiber hangup and any lessening of this angle of 45 will tend to decrease the possibility of any fiber hang-up.
  • edges 90 and 92 are rounded as shown in FIG. 5 and polished smooth. Additionally, the corner 80, where the edge 90 meets the inside of the walls 44 and 48, is carefully constructed to provide a smooth juncture with no sharp comers to catch fibers.
  • the felting head 10 is shown as being rectangular and arranged transversely of the collecting mechanism 20.
  • This construction requires a plurality of nozzles 30. It has been found that the preferred arrangement in order to provide balance and evenness in the air-fiber stream and the resulting air-fiber and liquid mixture is to stagger or alternate the nozzles 30 in the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. As shown, the nozzles 30 extend outwardly from their walls 44 and 48 beyond the centerline 96 of the felting head 10.
  • FIG. 6 a modified felting head 100 is shown, which felting head 100 is cylindrical.
  • the wall 98 tapers frustoconically downwardly to the outlet orifice 102 of the felting head 101).
  • the nozzle 104 is identical in construction to the nozzle 30 described above.
  • the orifice 106 in the nozzle 104 is arranged concentrically with the cylindrical outlet orifice 102 to provide even distribution of the liquid outwardly in all directions within the contracting air-fiber stream.
  • FIG. 7 an additional modification of the felting head is shown in which the felting head 110 has a tapering frustoconical wall 108 terminating in an outlet orifice 112.
  • the felting head 110 has a tapering frustoconical wall 108 terminating in an outlet orifice 112.
  • the nozzles 114 are somewhat shorter, since they do not reach to the center of the outlet orifice 112.
  • the spray orifices 116 in the nozzles 1 14 are arranged in a circular alignment, which circle is concentric with the outlet orifice 112 for the fiber head 110.
  • cylindrical heads such as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 have limitations with respect to the width of mat that can be produced, since if they are made of too large a diameter (in order to produce a wider mat) ultimately the head will become to large in diameter and produce an air-fiber stream of too great a diameter to permit adequate mixing from the liquid orifice or orifices. While this problem can be alleviated somewhat by the additional of a plurality of orifices as shown in FIG. 7, there still remain ancillary problems of overapplying the liquid spray in the center and similar problems. Accordingly, the rectangular configuration as described above with respect to FIGS. 1 through 5 is preferred; however, in certain applications the head shown in FIGS. 6 or 7 may be more economical to produce and utilize and their limitations can be partly or wholly overcome by oscillating the head back and forth transversely of the collecting screen 24 of the collecting mechanism 20.
  • the mats formed as disclosed herein are suitable for a number of end uses, including furniture cushioning, furniture padding, packaging, and the like. They may also be used (with subsequent operations such as pressing) to form boards and boardlike materials.
  • One example of the use of the apparatus disclosed herein is the production of suitable upholstery cushioning materials from refined sulfite fibers and a starch solution as a binder for the fibers.
  • the formed mat is then oven dried to form the final bonded product. It has been found that about 6 percent to 8 percent starch solids by weight with respect to the weight of fibers in the final mat produces an excellent and uniform blanket, with no clots coming from festoons, with no clots of fibers resulting from fiber hang-up in the felting head, and with excellent distribution of binder upon the fibers.
  • each of said nozzle means extending inwardly from a wall of said conduit toward the center of said conduit, each of said nozzle means being a vanelike member having an edge abutting said wall, said vanelike nozzles each having a second edge inward of said wall and substantially parallel to the direction of flow of said stream, said vanelike nozzles each having a third edge extending from the upper end of said second edge at an angle thereto and terminating at its other end at said first edge, alternate ones of said nozzle means extending from the same wall of said conduit and the others of said nozzle means extending inwardly from an opposite wall.
  • An apparatus having means for forming and discharging a stream of air containing fibers, including a conduit means, said conduit means having an outlet and being so shaped at and adjacent said outlet as to produce a vena contracta in said stream downstream of said outlet, nozzle means having outlet orifice means positioned within said stream for spraying a flaring liquid spray into and along said stream, said outlet orifice being so positioned with respect to said conduit means that the flaring liquid spray therefrom avoids striking said conduit means, said outlet orifice also being so positioned with respect to the vena contracta of said stream that the liquid spray is flaring outwardly within said stream where said stream is contracting to form said vena contracta, said nozzle means extending inwardly from a wall of said conduit toward the center of said conduit, said nozzle means having upstream edge means abutting said wall at one end thereof and said edge means sloping steeply downstream from said one end, whereby mixing of the liquid spray and the fibers in said stream is accomplished and accumulation of fibers on said nozzle means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
US702364A 1968-02-01 1968-02-01 Apparatus for air-laying wet fibers Expired - Lifetime US3622077A (en)

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BE (1) BE727767A (ja)
DE (1) DE1904856A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2001155A1 (ja)
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NL (1) NL6901561A (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036434A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-07-19 Aerojet-General Corporation Fluid delivery nozzle with fluid purged face
US4191224A (en) * 1977-08-05 1980-03-04 Diamond Insulation Industries, Inc. Apparatus for making cellulose insulation
US5190217A (en) * 1991-08-26 1993-03-02 Air Pressure Damp-Proofing Service, Inc. Applicator gun for applying surface coatings
US5700111A (en) * 1996-01-24 1997-12-23 Synthetic Industries, Inc. Apparatus for applying synthetic roving materials and method for controlling the build up of static electricity
EP1537968A3 (de) * 2003-12-02 2005-11-23 Dieffenbacher GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Anlagen zur Beleimung von Fasern und eine Faserbeleimungsvorrichtung
US20070241204A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2007-10-18 Hiroki Ohata Method of Spray Application of Monolithic Refractory, Spray Material for Use Therein, and Application Apparatus
US20100084485A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-08 The Andersons, Inc. Quenched solids applicator
US9867329B2 (en) 2014-07-07 2018-01-16 Cnh Industrial America Llc System and method for metering and distributing agricultural products

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU746015A1 (ru) * 1977-12-27 1980-07-07 Всесоюзное научно-производственное объединение целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности Устройство дл преобразовани потока аэровзвеси волокон
LU84472A1 (fr) * 1982-11-17 1984-06-13 Arbed Procede et installation pour le traitement de l'acier en poche
DE19740676C2 (de) * 1997-09-16 2003-07-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren zum Beleimen von Fasern
DE10247412C5 (de) * 2002-10-11 2010-07-01 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Anlage zum Beleimen von Fasern für die Herstellung von Faserplatten, insbesondere MDF-Platten und dergleichen Holzwerkstoffplatten

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2288095A (en) * 1939-05-23 1942-06-30 Dry Zero Corp Method and apparatus for producing bound batts
DE955744C (de) * 1954-12-23 1957-01-10 Dr Ernst Fehrer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formkoerpern aus Haar- oder Fasermaterial

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2288095A (en) * 1939-05-23 1942-06-30 Dry Zero Corp Method and apparatus for producing bound batts
DE955744C (de) * 1954-12-23 1957-01-10 Dr Ernst Fehrer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formkoerpern aus Haar- oder Fasermaterial

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036434A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-07-19 Aerojet-General Corporation Fluid delivery nozzle with fluid purged face
US4191224A (en) * 1977-08-05 1980-03-04 Diamond Insulation Industries, Inc. Apparatus for making cellulose insulation
US5190217A (en) * 1991-08-26 1993-03-02 Air Pressure Damp-Proofing Service, Inc. Applicator gun for applying surface coatings
US5700111A (en) * 1996-01-24 1997-12-23 Synthetic Industries, Inc. Apparatus for applying synthetic roving materials and method for controlling the build up of static electricity
EP1537968A3 (de) * 2003-12-02 2005-11-23 Dieffenbacher GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Anlagen zur Beleimung von Fasern und eine Faserbeleimungsvorrichtung
US20070241204A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2007-10-18 Hiroki Ohata Method of Spray Application of Monolithic Refractory, Spray Material for Use Therein, and Application Apparatus
US7762475B2 (en) * 2004-06-07 2010-07-27 Krosakiharima Corporation Method of spray application of monolithic refractory, spray material for use therein, and application apparatus
US20100084485A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2010-04-08 The Andersons, Inc. Quenched solids applicator
US9867329B2 (en) 2014-07-07 2018-01-16 Cnh Industrial America Llc System and method for metering and distributing agricultural products

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NL6901561A (ja) 1969-08-05
FR2001155A1 (ja) 1969-09-26
BE727767A (ja) 1969-07-31
DE1904856A1 (de) 1969-08-21
LU57878A1 (ja) 1969-05-21

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