US3620938A - Method for obtaining a bright zinc coating by electrodeposition and the bath used therefor - Google Patents
Method for obtaining a bright zinc coating by electrodeposition and the bath used therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3620938A US3620938A US783100A US3620938DA US3620938A US 3620938 A US3620938 A US 3620938A US 783100 A US783100 A US 783100A US 3620938D A US3620938D A US 3620938DA US 3620938 A US3620938 A US 3620938A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- amide
- aldehyde
- present
- nicotinamide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 N,N-di(2-hydroxypropyl)nicotinamide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DPBWFNDFMCCGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Piperidine carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1CCNCC1 DPBWFNDFMCCGGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YNKMHABLMGIIFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde;methane Chemical compound C.O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 YNKMHABLMGIIFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QNWFROSVYQTOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCCCCCNC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 QNWFROSVYQTOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QAJOLLVGOSCKGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylpiperidine-4-carboxamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1CCNCC1 QAJOLLVGOSCKGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- NCYVXEGFNDZQCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nikethamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 NCYVXEGFNDZQCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXOAHASJYIUCBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ZXOAHASJYIUCBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(N)CO BKMMTJMQCTUHRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYVXHFWBYUDDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylnicotinamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ZYVXHFWBYUDDBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIOOACNPATUQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O BIOOACNPATUQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
- C25D3/24—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc from cyanide baths
Definitions
- the brightening composition is the reaction product of an aromatic aldehyde and an amine of the formula H,NR wherein R is a saturated aliphatic hydroxyl radical having from one to four carbon atoms.
- R is a saturated aliphatic hydroxyl radical having from one to four carbon atoms.
- bright deposits are achieved when an amide or substituted amide is intermixed with the reaction product of the aromatic aldehyde and the amine.
- the electrodeposition of zinc from alkaline cyanide zinc solutions is widely used to produce coatings which protect iron or steel by sacrificial cathodic action.
- brightening agents are used. These agents impart to the electrodeposit metal a lustrous appearance.
- a wide variety of brightening agents have been successfully used; however, inost have not been completely satisfactory. Some work well for still plating while others are only successfully used in barrel plating.
- some brightener compositions are not stable in the plating bath. Other compositions, while yielding bright deposits, are not suitable for accepting a chromate or phosphate protective film. Illustrative of these systems may be found in the following US. Pat. Nos. 2,740,754; 2,989,449; 3,088,884; 3,296,105; 3,317,412 and 3,318,767.
- the conventional baths for obtaining bright zinc coatings have a cyanide content from about to about 14 oz./gal.
- the removal of the poisonous cyanide waste from the rinse water effluent as required by governmental regulations is excessively expensive. Therefore, it is desirable to operate the zinc electroplating bath at a low cyanide content to minimize effluent treatment expenses.
- the conventional zinc cyanide baths have a short downtime life. For example, after a bath containing additives of the prior art is allowed to stand overnight without plating, about one-half of the initial charge of the additive must be added to restore the deposit to its original degree of brilliance.
- a brightener com pound is prepared by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with an amine having the formula H NR wherein R is a saturated aliphatic hydroxyl radical wherein the aliphatic moiety can have from one to four carbon atoms.
- the reaction of the two components is preferably carried out in the presence of water.
- the aromatic aldehydes can be selected from a group consisting of anisic aldehyde, salicyclic aldehyde, tolyl aldehyde vanillin or other aromatic aldehydes conventionally used in cyanide baths.
- the aromatic aldehydes can be first emulsified with the water to form an aromatic aldehyde water emulsion. Thereafter, the alkanolamine is added thereto in an amount of at least a stoichiometric quantity to react with the aromatic aldehyde. Preferably, up to about 60 percent excess of the amine can be used.
- the reaction product of the aromatic aldehyde and the alkanolamine has shown to be an excellent brightening composition when used in a cyanide bath.
- the reaction product of the aromatic aldehyde and alkanolamines is manufactured by first adding the aromatic aldehyde to heated water to form an emulsion. The water temperature is then reduced and the alkanolamine is added which reacts exothermically with the aromatic aldehyde.
- the brightening composition After the brightening composition has been manufactured, it is then added to a conventional cyanide bath consisting of sodium cyanide, sodium hydroxide and zinc. It has been found in practice that when metals are plated with the zinc solution contained in the brighteners of the present invention, a full bright and brilliant coating is obtained.
- the aldehyde amine composition can be present in an amount ranging between about 0.02 to about 0.3 grams per liter of the bath solution.
- R and R can each be selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, saturated aliphatic radicals having from one to six carbon atoms, saturated hydroxyl substituted aliphatic radicals having from one to six carbon atoms, and any mixtures thereof.
- Specific examples of the amide compounds within the scope of the above identified fonnulas are nicotinamide, N-hexylnicotinamide, N,N-diethylnicotinamide, N- ethylnicotinamide, N,N-di(2-hydroxylpropyl) nicotinamide, isonipecotamide, N-methylisonipecotamide and N- ethylolisonipecotamide and mixtures thereof.
- the amide composition can be present in an amount ranging between about 0.0015 to about 0.14 grams per liter of the bath solution.
- Example I A brightener was prepared from the following formula:
- a bent panel was plated in this solution using rod agitation at 1 amp. for 10 minutes.
- the panel was full bright but not brilliant.
- Example 2 0.04 g. of N-methylnicotinamide was added to the bath of example 1. A bent panel was plated in this solution using rod agitation at 1 amp. for 10 minutes. The panel was full bright and brilliant.
- Example 3 The bath from example 2 was allowed to stand for 4 weeks without plating. After this period of standing, a bent panel was plated using the same plating conditions as in example 2. The brilliancy of the resulting plated panel was almost the equivalent of that in example 2.
- Example 4 A brightener was prepared from the following formula:
- Example 5 0.04 g. of N(Z-hydroxyethyl)isonipecotarnide was added to the bath of example 4. Ten %-inch hex nuts were plated in this solution in a small barrel at 1.5 amps. for 20 minutes. The nuts were bright. No trouble was experienced chromating the nuts under the normal chromating cycle.
- Example 6 0.05 g. of N-ethylnicotinamide was added to the solution of example 5, and more hex nuts were plated similarly to example 5. The nuts appeared to be slightly brighter than those in example 5.
- Example 7 A brightener was prepared containing the following ingredients:
- Example 8 Plating tests were continued on the bath of example 7. The brightener level was kept high enough so that full bright deposits were obtained. The barrel tests were continued until a definite addition pattern was established. A consumption rate was calculated from these tests. The addition rate established was 426 X cc. of the brightener/1,000 amp. hr.
- Example 9 A brightener was prepared with the following ingredients:
- Nicotinamide 2% When the 2-aminoethanol was added to the water emulsion of anisic aldehyde and salicylaldehyde, considerable heat was evolved indicating that a reaction between the aldehydes and the 2-aminoethanol took place.
- Example 10 A standard cyanide zinc solution had the following analysis:
- Example I 1 Barrel tests continued on the bath of example 10. The sodium cyanide content of this bath was allowed to drop and the sodium hydroxide was increased while plating every day until the bath had the following analysis:
- a brightener composition which comprises a combination of: (1) the reaction product of at least one aromatic aldehyde with at least a stoichiometric quantity of at least one alkanolamine having the formula H NR wherein R is a saturated aliphatic hydroxyl radical containing from one to four carbon atoms and (2) at least one water-soluble amide or substituted amide corresponding to the formula:
- R, and R can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, saturated aliphatic radicals containing from one to six carbon atoms and saturated hydroxyl substituted aliphatic radicals containing from one to six carbon atoms; said reaction produce being present in said bath in a concentration from about 0.02 to 0.3 grams per liter and said amide or substituted amide being present in a concentration of from about 00015 to 0.14 grams per liter.
- aromatic aldehyde is at least one member selected from the group consisting of anisic aldehyde, vanillin. salicylic aldehyde and tolyl aldehyde.
- N-methylisonipecotamide, and N-ethylolisonipecotamide are N-methylisonipecotamide, and N-ethylolisonipecotamide.
- a brightener composition which comprises a combination of: (l) the reaction product of at least one aromatic aldehyde with at least a stoichiometric quantity of at least one alkanolamide having the formula H,NR wherein R is a saturated aliphatic hydroxyl radical containing from one to four carbon atoms and (2) at least one water-soluble amide or substituted amide corresponding to the formula:
- R and R can be the same or difierent and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, saturated aliphatic radicals containing from one to six carbon atoms and saturated hydroxyl substituted aliphatic radicals containing from one to six carbon atoms; said reaction product being present in said bath in a concentration of from about 0.02 to 0.3 grams per liter and said amide or substituted amide being present in a concentration of from about 0.0015 to 0.14 grams per liter.
- aromatic aldehyde is at least one member selected from the group consisting of anisic aldehyde, vanillin, salicylic aldehyde and tolyl aldehyde.
- N-methylisonipecotamide, and N-ethylolisonipecotamide are N-methylisonipecotamide, and N-ethylolisonipecotamide.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US78310068A | 1968-12-11 | 1968-12-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3620938A true US3620938A (en) | 1971-11-16 |
Family
ID=25128168
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US783100A Expired - Lifetime US3620938A (en) | 1968-12-11 | 1968-12-11 | Method for obtaining a bright zinc coating by electrodeposition and the bath used therefor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3620938A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA926336A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1961812A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1295067A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3884774A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1975-05-20 | Lea Ronal Inc | Electrolytic deposition of zinc |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1507095A (en) * | 1975-04-15 | 1978-04-12 | Canning & Co Ltd W | Electro-deposition of zinc |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2315802A (en) * | 1940-04-20 | 1943-04-06 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Nickel plating |
| US2734026A (en) * | 1951-09-12 | 1956-02-07 | Electrodepositton of copper-zinc alloys | |
| DE1109479B (de) * | 1959-01-03 | 1961-06-22 | Riedel & Co | Bad und Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden hochglaenzender Zinkueberzuege |
| US3088884A (en) * | 1960-11-07 | 1963-05-07 | Metal & Thermit Corp | Electrodeposition |
| US3317412A (en) * | 1961-07-06 | 1967-05-02 | Schering Ag | Method for obtaining a bright zinc coating by electrodeposition and the bath used therefor |
| US3472743A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1969-10-14 | Du Pont | Zinc plating baths and additives therefor |
-
1968
- 1968-12-11 US US783100A patent/US3620938A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-11-18 GB GB1295067D patent/GB1295067A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-11-18 CA CA067757A patent/CA926336A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-12-10 DE DE19691961812 patent/DE1961812A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2315802A (en) * | 1940-04-20 | 1943-04-06 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Nickel plating |
| US2734026A (en) * | 1951-09-12 | 1956-02-07 | Electrodepositton of copper-zinc alloys | |
| DE1109479B (de) * | 1959-01-03 | 1961-06-22 | Riedel & Co | Bad und Verfahren zum galvanischen Abscheiden hochglaenzender Zinkueberzuege |
| US3088884A (en) * | 1960-11-07 | 1963-05-07 | Metal & Thermit Corp | Electrodeposition |
| US3317412A (en) * | 1961-07-06 | 1967-05-02 | Schering Ag | Method for obtaining a bright zinc coating by electrodeposition and the bath used therefor |
| US3472743A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1969-10-14 | Du Pont | Zinc plating baths and additives therefor |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3884774A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1975-05-20 | Lea Ronal Inc | Electrolytic deposition of zinc |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1295067A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-11-01 |
| CA926336A (en) | 1973-05-15 |
| DE1961812A1 (de) | 1970-10-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BRENT CHEMICALS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:003837/0384 Effective date: 19810202 |