US3617945A - Strip line circulator wherein the branch arms have portions extending in a nonradial direction - Google Patents

Strip line circulator wherein the branch arms have portions extending in a nonradial direction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3617945A
US3617945A US879760A US3617945DA US3617945A US 3617945 A US3617945 A US 3617945A US 879760 A US879760 A US 879760A US 3617945D A US3617945D A US 3617945DA US 3617945 A US3617945 A US 3617945A
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Prior art keywords
planar
ferri
planar body
junction portion
radial direction
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Expired - Lifetime
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US879760A
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English (en)
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Shojiro Nakahara
Nobutake Orime
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/39—Hollow waveguide circulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/387—Strip line circulators

Definitions

  • Branch lines radially ext-end from a circular junction of an intermediate conductor on a ferri-magnetic disc and include one portion running circumferentially 0f the disc. This causes an increase in area with which the disc overlaps the branch lines while the lines are maintained relatively small in radial length resulting in a small-sized circulator low in center frequency.
  • the conventional type of stripline-type circulator widely employed has comprised a ground conductor, an internal conductor composed of branch lines and their junction, and a plate of ferri-magnetic material disposed between the ground and internal conductors.
  • the plate of ferri-magnetic material has been applied with a magnetic field of direct current orthogonal to the main faces thereof.
  • the wider an area with which the plate of ferri-magnetic material overlaps the branch lines the lower the center frequency of the circulator will be. If it is desired to provide such a type of circulator having its center frequency as relatively low as in the order of l GHz.
  • a stripline-type circulator comprising a ground conductor, an internal conductor including a plurality of branch lines and a junction thereof, the branch lines radially extending at substantially equal angular intervals from the junction, a body of ferri-magnetic material greater in area than the junction and disposed between the ground and internal conductors and in overlapping relationship therewith, and magnet means for applying a magnetic field of direct current substantially orthogonal to and across the body of ferri-magnetic material, characterized in that the intermediate portions of the branch lines extend in a direction other than the radial direction in the region of the body of ferri-magnetic material and in the same plane as the junction to increase the effective area with which the body of ferri-magnetic material overlaps the branch lines.
  • that portion projecting beyond the junction of the body of ferri-magnetic material may be replaced by a dielectric member in the form of a toroid integral to the body of ferri-magnetic material.
  • the turned portion of each of the branch lines may vary in length to change the center frequency of the circulator while maintaining a constant area of that portion projecting beyond the junction of the body of ferri-magnetic material.
  • FIG. I is a fragmental plan view of a Wye-branched striplinetype circulator constructed in accordance with the principles of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a partly exploded perspective view of the conventional type of stripline-type circulator
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmental plan view of a Wye-branched striplinetype circulator constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention
  • FIGS. da and db are fragmental plan views illustrating the conventional stripline-type circulators equal in center frequency to the circulator of the invention shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a Smith chart and illustrating an input admittance as looking from in each branch line of the circulator shown in FIG. db;
  • FIG. 6 is a chart similar to FIG. 5 but illustrating the circulator shown in FIG. 4a;
  • FIG. 7 is a graphic representation of insertion losses of the present device plotted against a magnetic field applied thereto.
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmental plan view of a modification of the invention.
  • FIGS. 11 and 2 there is illustrated a wyebranched stripline-type circulator constructed in accordance with the principles of the prior art.
  • the arrangement illustrated comprises an internal conductor of any suitable electrically conductive material generally designated by the reference numeral and including a circular central junction portion 12 called hereinafter a junction and a plurality of branch lines M in the form of strips radially extending at substantially equal angular intervals from the junction 12, and a disc 16 of any suitable ferri-magnetic material such as garnet, disposed in concentric relationship under the internal conductor 10.
  • the assembly thus formed is concentrically located within a metallic housing 118 of circular cross section and the branch lines 14 are connected at their free ends to respective terminals 20 disposed at substantially equal angular intervals on the periphery of the housing 18 as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Another ferri-magnetic disc 16' as shown on the upper portion of FIG. 2, substantially identical to the ferri-magnetic disc 16 is concentrically disposed upon the internal conductor I0 and a metallic cover (not shown) is used to close the upper end of the housing 18 as well as suitable holding the internal conductor 10 and ferri-magnetic discs 16 and 116' in place within the housing 18.
  • the housing 118 and the cover form a conductor which, in turn, serves to sandwich or superimpose the ferri-magnetic discs between the same and the internal conductor.
  • the garnet disc 16 having a diameter D radially projects beyond the junction 12, having a diameter d, by a radial length 1.
  • the electric field is weakly established on the peripheral portion in the form of an annulus having a radial width of l of the ferrimagnetic disc 16 whereby that portion disposed directly below each of the branch lines M of the disc to serves only as a matching element.
  • FIG. 4b wherein like reference numerals designate like components corresponding to those ilIustrated in FIG. I, is illustrated a circulator similar to that shown in FIG. I excepting that the disc 16 of ferri-magnetic material and the junction 12 of the internal conductor II) have a common diameter d.
  • a magnetic field of II is applied to the arrangement of FIG. db operated at its center frequency of 4.2 GHZ.
  • an input admittance as looking from each of the branch lines 14 is inductive with the reference plane located at its position spaced away from the peripheral edge of the disc 16 by a distance of (Dd)/2, and such is illustrated in the chart of FIG. 5 wherein two orthogonal sets of circles represent conductance and susceptance components respectively.
  • the ferri-magnetic disc 16 of FIG. 4b having the diameter of d has snugly fitted thereon an annulus of ferri-magnetic material, such as garnet, having an inside diameter of d and an outside diameter D such as shown in FIG. 1, then the resulting circulator exhibits the effect equivalent to the loading of a capacitance and therefore has an input admittance as shown in the chart of FIG. 6 similar to that illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the annulus of ferrimagnetic material may be replaced by an annulus having the same shape and composed of a dielectric material substantially equal in specific dielectric constant to the ferri-magnetic material for the annulus.
  • the invention is based upon the phenomenon just described and contemplates to decrease the center frequency of the circulator by increasing a length of each branch line with which the associated ferri-magnetic disc overlaps the individual branch line for the purpose of decreasing the center frequency of the circulator. That is, the invention contemplates to increase the length l of the branch portion as shown in FIG. 1 without an increase in diameter of the ferri-magnetic disc.
  • FIG. 3 wherein like reference numerals designate like components corresponding to those shown in FIG. 1, there is illustrated a stripline-type circulator constructed in accordance with the principles of the invention as above described.
  • the circular junction portion 12 of the internal conductor 10 is disposed in concentric relationship on the disc 16 of ferri-magnetic material such as garnet.
  • the junction 12 has a diameter d and the disc 16 has a diameter D greater than the diameter of the junction portion 12.
  • the junction 12 has a plurality of branch lines 14 in the form of strips radially extending at substantially equal angular intervals from the junction 12.
  • branch lines 14 each are turned in one direction, for example in the clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 3 of the disc to follow the periphery of the latter by a predetermined circumferentially extending arc length portion 1,. Then the branch lines 14 are again turned in the radial direction of the disc 16. That is, a branch lines 14 each have the first radial portion having a radial length of I, the circumferential portion having an arc length of 1,, and the second radial portion leading to the associated terminal such as shown at 20 in FIG. 2.
  • each branch line 14 superposing the ferri-magnetic disc 16 increases in length by an amount corresponding to the arc length I as compared with the prior art type devices including the ferri-magnetic disc of the same diameter.
  • the ferri-magnetic disc 16 has effectively increased in radius by an amount corresponding to the 1,.
  • This provides a stripline-type circulator equivalent to a circulator including a ferrimagnetic disc 16 increased in radius by about the I, as shown in FIG. 4a. Therefore the center frequency of the circulator can decrease by a magnitude corresponding to this effective increase in radius of the ferri-magnetic disc, while the overall dimension of the circulator remains unchanged.
  • a stripline-type circulator such as shown in FIG. 3 had applied perpendicularly thereacross a magnetic field of direct current progressively increased in strength with the center frequency f, of 2.1 GI-Iz. Then it exhibited its insertion loss as shown in FIG. 7 wherein the ordinate represents the insertion loss in decibels and the abscissa represents a magnetizing direct current in amperes flowing through the associated electromagnet device (not shown).
  • the reference characters L f and Lb designate the forward and reverse insertion losses.
  • each branch line 14 varies in arc length
  • the resulting center frequency can change over a fairly wide range.
  • a circulator such as shown in FIG. 3 including the circumferential branch portions having a perimetric length equal to one sixth the diameter of the associated ferri-magnetic disc has its center frequency decreased by a factor of 2 as compared with the conventional one including no circumferential branch lines with the discs having the same diameter.
  • FIG. 8 wherein like reference numerals designate like components similar to those shown in FIG. 3, illustrates a modification of the invention.
  • the ferri-magnetic disc 16 is equal in diameter to the junction 12 and is integral with a dielectric member 18.
  • the dielectric member has the configuration of a toroid and the circumferentially extending arc length portion of each branch line 14 is superposed with the outer perimeter of the toroid.
  • the present circulators are particularly effective for operating at frequencies under 1 GHz. This is because the ferri-magnetic disc can overlap the branch lines with an area capable of being selected to be sufficiently large while the radial length of each branch line is maintained relatively small.
  • a stripline-type circulator comprising a ground conductor, an internal conductor including at least three branch lines connected together at a junction portion, said branch lines radially extending at substantially equal angular intervals from said junction portion, a body of ferri-magnetic material greater in area than said junction portion and disposed between said ground and internal conductors and in overlapping relationship therewith, magnet means for applying a magnetic field of direct current substantially orthogonal to and across said body of ferri-magnetic material, and wherein intermediate portions of each of said branch lines extend in a direction other than the radial direction a region overlying said body of ferri-magnetic material and in the same plane as said junction portion to increase the effective area with which said body of ferri-magnetic material overlaps said branch lines.
  • a stripline circulator having a planar conductor and a planar body of ferri-magnetic material superimposed on one side of said planar conductor; another planar conductor superimposed on the opposite side of said planar body in overlapping relationship therewith having a central junction portion smaller in area than said planar body and having at least three branch lines connected to and extending radially outwardly from said junction portion in equidistantly circumferentially spaced-apart relationship; each of said branch lines having a first portion extending in a first radial direction radially outwardly from said junction portion a distance no greater than the radial extent of said planar body, a second portion extending in a direction other than a radial direction with respect to said junction portion and overlying said planar body, and a third portion extending radially outwardly from said junction portion in a radial direction different than said first radial direction.
  • a stripline circulator according to claim 3; wherein said first-mentioned planar conductor, said planar body and said another planar conductor are all concentrically disposed in layered relationship.
  • each of said branch lines has a first portion extending in a first radial direction radially outwardly from said junction portion a distance no greater than the radial extent of said dielectric member, a second portion extending in a direction other than a radial direction with respect to said junction portion and overlying said dielectric member, and a third portion extending radially outwardly from said junction portion in a radial direction different than said first radial direction.

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US879760A 1968-11-28 1969-11-25 Strip line circulator wherein the branch arms have portions extending in a nonradial direction Expired - Lifetime US3617945A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8718468 1968-11-28

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US (1) US3617945A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1959947A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2024943A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1283937A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6917916A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3739302A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-06-12 Trak Microwave Corp Miniaturized ferrimagnetic circulator for microwaves
DE2326359A1 (de) * 1972-05-24 1973-11-29 Japan Broadcasting Corp Nicht-reziproke schaltung mit zirkulator
FR2198280A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-09-04 1974-03-29 Siemens Ag
FR2533761A1 (fr) * 1982-09-28 1984-03-30 Thomson Csf Combineur compact de dispositifs semi-conducteurs fonctionnant dans le domaine des hyperfrequences
EP0173496A3 (en) * 1984-08-24 1986-09-03 Trw Inc. Microstrip circulator structure
US6130587A (en) * 1997-09-12 2000-10-10 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Microstripline/stripline isolator/circulator having a propeller resonator
CN101621148B (zh) * 2009-05-27 2013-02-13 深圳市华扬通信技术有限公司 一种环行器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2007032A (en) * 1977-10-11 1979-05-10 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High frequency junction device
DE2812207C2 (de) * 1978-03-20 1983-11-24 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verzweigungszirkulator in Streifenleitungstechnik, insbesondere für den GHz-Bereich von etwa 1 GHz bis 4 GHz

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3295074A (en) * 1965-03-05 1966-12-27 Ferrotec Inc Y-junction strip line switchable circulator contained within a hollow low magnetic permeability cylindrical tube
US3513413A (en) * 1967-08-11 1970-05-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Strip line circulators having slits in the branch lines
US3521195A (en) * 1967-11-23 1970-07-21 Philips Corp Junction circulator wherein each arm is coupled to the ferromagnetic body at two places
US3522555A (en) * 1967-05-11 1970-08-04 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Junction circulator wherein each center conductor leg appears on both sides of the insulation board

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3295074A (en) * 1965-03-05 1966-12-27 Ferrotec Inc Y-junction strip line switchable circulator contained within a hollow low magnetic permeability cylindrical tube
US3522555A (en) * 1967-05-11 1970-08-04 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Junction circulator wherein each center conductor leg appears on both sides of the insulation board
US3513413A (en) * 1967-08-11 1970-05-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Strip line circulators having slits in the branch lines
US3521195A (en) * 1967-11-23 1970-07-21 Philips Corp Junction circulator wherein each arm is coupled to the ferromagnetic body at two places

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3739302A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-06-12 Trak Microwave Corp Miniaturized ferrimagnetic circulator for microwaves
DE2326359A1 (de) * 1972-05-24 1973-11-29 Japan Broadcasting Corp Nicht-reziproke schaltung mit zirkulator
FR2198280A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-09-04 1974-03-29 Siemens Ag
FR2533761A1 (fr) * 1982-09-28 1984-03-30 Thomson Csf Combineur compact de dispositifs semi-conducteurs fonctionnant dans le domaine des hyperfrequences
EP0104995A1 (fr) * 1982-09-28 1984-04-04 Thomson-Csf Combineur compact de dispositifs semiconducteurs fonctionnant dans le domaine des hyperfréquences
US4617528A (en) * 1982-09-28 1986-10-14 Thomson Csf Compact combiner for use with semiconductor devices in the microwave frequency range
EP0173496A3 (en) * 1984-08-24 1986-09-03 Trw Inc. Microstrip circulator structure
US6130587A (en) * 1997-09-12 2000-10-10 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Microstripline/stripline isolator/circulator having a propeller resonator
CN101621148B (zh) * 2009-05-27 2013-02-13 深圳市华扬通信技术有限公司 一种环行器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6917916A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-01
GB1283937A (en) 1972-08-02
DE1959947B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-10
FR2024943A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-04
DE1959947A1 (de) 1970-06-11

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