US3616015A - Clear heat transfer and method of applying the same - Google Patents

Clear heat transfer and method of applying the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3616015A
US3616015A US3616015DA US3616015A US 3616015 A US3616015 A US 3616015A US 3616015D A US3616015D A US 3616015DA US 3616015 A US3616015 A US 3616015A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wax
heat transfer
transfer
oxidized
clear
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Katherine A Kingston
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Dennison Manufacturing Co
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Dennison Manufacturing Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
    • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
    • B44C1/17—Dry transfer
    • B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
    • B44C1/172—Decalcomanias provided with a layer being specially adapted to facilitate their release from a temporary carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
    • Y10T428/31804—Next to cellulosic

Definitions

  • Gaither Attorney-Roberts, Cushman & Grover ABSTRACT A heat transfer is described for labelling clear plastics which uses as the transfer layer a coating comprising at least 30 percent by weight of an oxidized, esterified, par tially saponified montan wax.
  • An ink image is printed over the wax and, after transfer by application of heat and pressure, is smoothed, clarified and glossed by exposure to a jet of hot gas or other heating means to remelt the transferred wax, followed by solidification in the clear state.
  • This invention relates to heat transfers for labelling (class 1 17, subclass 3.2) and more particularly, to improvements in heat transfers embodying a wax release coating especially adapted for the labelling of plastics.
  • a heat transfer comprising a backing and a release coating thereon comprising an oxidized wax obtained as the reaction product of the oxidation of hard, high melting, aliphatic, hydrocarbon waxes.
  • oxidized waxes have melting points between about 50 and 1 C., saponification values between about 25 and 100, acid values between about 5 and 40, and a penetrameter hardness (ASTMD5-52) below about as measured with 100 grams for 5 seconds at 25 C.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,984,413 is similar, but differs from U.S. Pat. No. 2,862,832 by use of an unoxidized wax in the transfer coating. US. Pat. No.
  • 2,990,311 is an improvement over the aforementioned patents and provides a transfer consisting of a backing and a transfer layer comprising a uniform mixture of a crystalline wax and a synthetic, thermoplastic, film-forming resin where each ingredient in the composition is present to the extent of at least 15 percent of their combined weights.
  • Labels comprising an oxidized wax release coating in accordance with the above-noted patents have presented limitations in the labelling of some articles, particularly packaging containers such as bottles or the like made of clear or opaque plastic or of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene which have relatively low softening temperatures.
  • the wax layer is melted and some of the wax transferred with the design or image to the receiving surface where it solidifies.
  • the transferred wax normally solidifies as a cloudy film which is not normally noticeable or objectionable where the receiving surface is opaque. However, it noticeably detracts from the clarity and attractiveness ofthe design when the receiving surface is of clear plastic.
  • the film of cloudy wax surrounding the image can be particularly noticeable.
  • modified montan waxes herein employed have similar properties to those specified in U.S. Pat. No. 2,862,832 except that somewhat higher saponification values can be employed. Thus they have melting points between about 50 and C., saponification values between about 25 and 150, acid values between about 5 and 40 and a penetrometer hardness (ASTM-D5c852) below about 15 as measured with 100 grams for 5 seconds at 25 C. They should be clear in thin liquid layers and have relatively high-melt viscosities.
  • Additives such as fillers, wax extenders, and resins, especially synthetic resins, may be added to the wax without adverse effects as illustrated in the following examples and to improve various properties such as gloss, printability and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse section of a heat transfer in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an illustrative flow chart for the preparation of modified montan waxes herein employed.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic, isometric view of apparatus for applying a high-temperature gas jet to the transferred image for clarification.
  • a backing 10 of paper or the like is coated with a transfer layer 11 containing at least 30 percent by weight of an oxidized montan wax and a design 12 is printed on the exposed surface of the layer.
  • the oxidized montan waxes herein disclosed are prepared in accordance with the treatments shown in FIG. 2 and are available in various grades from the American Hoechst Corp. of Mountainside, New Jersey.
  • Hoechst waxes OP, X55, 0 and Special can be employed.
  • Such waxes, useful herein have highmelt viscosities compared to other more common waxes which have quite low-melt viscosities a few degrees above their solidification point, a property considered important in obtaining smoothness and clarity as herein disclosed.
  • the waxes should have a melt viscosity at 25 F. above their solidification point of at least about centipoises.
  • waxes are also substantially clear when melted in a liquid layer of about A inch or less in thickness.
  • These waxes are montan waxes which have been oxidized, esterified and partially saponified by treatments illustrated in FIG. 2. While not always described in the trade literature as oxidized waxes, the above waxes have been subjected to oxidation and have the properties above specified.
  • waxes in the amounts proscribed appear to be unique in providing clarity in transfer labels by feasible means. It is believed that their complex composition and relatively high-melt viscosity substantially diminish their ability to crystalize when cooled so that these waxes, which are substantially clear when melted, can be relatively rapidly cooled to a clear solid in a substantially amorphous state.
  • the transfer layers of the present invention can be applied to the backing by any convenient method such as by emulsions, hot melts or as solvent solution.
  • the coated paper is then printed with a design by conventional printing equipment such as letterpress, rotogravure, and flexographic presses and with the conventional ink, in a plurality of colors if desired and including inks made from powdered metal.
  • design as used herein includes both printing and art work or a combination of both.
  • oxidized, modified montan waxes herein disclosed are relatively viscous, brittle and/or costly if used alone and it is preferred to use them in admixture with various additives such as other waxes, fillers and resins such as those exemplified in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,31 l to improve cost, coating properties, gloss, printability, and the like in the finished transfer coating. Suitable formulations are given in table 1 wherein all parts are by weight.
  • Hocchst X55 is a similarly modified montan wax having a Drop Point of 208-218 F., a Congealing Point of l67-l76 F., an acid No. of 10-15 and a saponification Ac. of90-l l0. 7 V, of,
  • l'entalyn H is the pentaerythritol ester of hydrogenated rosin and is available from Hercules Chemical Company.
  • Elvax 410 is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate and is available from rumC urent
  • the microcrystalline wax used in the above examples was Warco 150 F. (example 2) of the Warwick Wax Division of Western Petrochemical Corporation of Ultraflex White (example 8), of Petrolite Corporation, the Castorwax was a hydrogenated castor oil obtained from the Baker Chemical Company, and the parafin wax was Sunoco 5512 wax of the Sun Oil Company having a melting point of about 160 F.
  • the paper is then printed on the waxed side with a glossy, organic-solvent type gravure ink.
  • the design is transferred to the receiving surface by rolling pressure from a heated surface at a temperature between about 250-600 F., for example 350 F. The transfer can also be preheated if desired. After transfer the paper backing 10 is immediately removed while hot, leaving the design firmly attached to the surface.
  • the molten wax transferring with the ink tends to be uneven and cloudy, detracting from the attractiveness of the transferred image.
  • the transferred image including the transferred, solidified wax
  • jets of hot gas either as a direct gas flame or as hot air jets at 300-40 0 F or higher, for a period of time just sufficient to melt the wax.
  • hot gas either as a direct gas flame or as hot air jets at 300-40 0 F or higher
  • forced cooling may be employed. Such forced cooling is of advantage where it is desired to immediately handle the labeled articles for packing or the like.
  • FIG. 3 Apparatus suitable for remelting the wax layer is illustrated at FIG. 3.
  • a clear plastic bottle 20 or the like, having transfer label 22 applied thereto, is placed on conveyor 24 and moved past a first pair of heating stations 26 and 28. Heating stations 26 and 28 are fed with gas to produce a flame 30 which directly impinges on the article 20 and label 22 as they move past the station on the conveyor 24.
  • Conveyor 24 moves at a speed to carry the bottle 20 past the heating stations 26 and 28 for a time just sufficient to melt the wax layer adhering to and around the periphery of the label 22 while providing a minimum of heat to the body of container 20.
  • the container 20 moves past rotating table 32 and against guide 34 which together rotate the bottle by an amount, normally about sufficient to expose portions of the label unheated due to the peripheral curvature of container 20. Thereafter the container 20 passes a second pair of heating stations 36 and 38 which similarly heat both sides of the label for a time just sufficient to melt the wax without substantially heating the bottle 20.
  • Multiple stations as indicated in FIG. 3 at 26, 28, 36 and 38 are useful to fully heat and clarify labels extending around round objects. For heating objects with less curvature or less surface area, a lesser number of stations are required.
  • the heating jets or gas can comprise a gas flame directly impinging on the label 22, it has also been found sufficient to pass air over electric heating elements or through a flame sufficient to heat it to about 300-400 F., and then to discharge the heated air against the label surface to melt the wax without substantial heating of the container 20.
  • a heat transfer comprising a backing and a transfer coating thereon, said coating containing an oxidized wax obtained as the reaction product of the oxidization of a hydrocarbon wax, said coating having a melting point between about 50 and C., an acid value between about 5 and 40, a saponification value between about 25 and 150, and a penetrometer hardness below about 15 as measured with 100 grams per 5 seconds at 25 C., the improvement wherein said oxidized wax is an oxidized, partially esterified and partially saponified montan wax which, at a temperature at least 25 F.
  • melt viscosity of at least about centipoises, whereby designs comprising commercial inks can be printed on the surface of the coating by conventional commercial processes and transferred onto permeable or impermeable surfaces by the application of heat and pressure and clarified, after transfer, by jets or hot gas which melt the wax.
  • a heat transfer according to claim 3 further comprising a transferable ink design printed over said transfer coating.
  • the method of labelling the surface of a receiving body which comprises (a) providing a heat transfer according to claim 6, (b) transferring said design to said surface by contacting the surface with said design while applying heat and pressure thereto to melt the wax layer, and thereafter smoothing and clarifying the image by (c) remelting the wax adherent to said surface by means of a high-temperature jet of gas for a time sufficient to melt said wax without substantial heating of said body, and (d) solidifying the wax in a clear state.

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  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Labeling Devices (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
US3616015D 1969-08-11 1969-08-11 Clear heat transfer and method of applying the same Expired - Lifetime US3616015A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85726869A 1969-08-11 1969-08-11

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US3616015A true US3616015A (en) 1971-10-26

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US (1) US3616015A (da)
DK (1) DK153660C (da)
FR (1) FR2057626A6 (da)
GB (1) GB1325930A (da)
NL (1) NL6919682A (da)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859094A (en) * 1973-01-05 1975-01-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Sheet material useful in image transfer techniques
US3894167A (en) * 1972-04-24 1975-07-08 Xavier Leipold F Decalcomania for decorating ceramic ware
US3974014A (en) * 1974-07-10 1976-08-10 Hallmark Cards, Incorporated Method for transferring design image to wax articles
US4307761A (en) * 1978-10-27 1981-12-29 Diamond International Corporation Article inflating system including an endless belt assembly
WO1983001019A1 (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-03-31 Dennison Mfg Co Screen printing of heat transferable labels
US4466994A (en) * 1981-09-25 1984-08-21 Dennison Manufacturing Company Heat transferable labels
US4536434A (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-08-20 Dennison Manufacturing Co. Heat transfer laminate
US4548857A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-10-22 Dennison Manufacturing Co. Heat transferable laminate
US4555436A (en) * 1985-09-19 1985-11-26 Dennison Manufacturing Co. Heat transferable laminate
US4557964A (en) * 1983-06-06 1985-12-10 Dennison Manufacturing Company Heat transferable laminate
US4592946A (en) * 1983-08-22 1986-06-03 Dennison Manufacturing Company Thermal ink transfer recording
US4684554A (en) * 1985-04-12 1987-08-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Polymeric coating for container induction innerseal
WO1998022226A1 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-05-28 Stevenson Michael J Decoration and printing on polyolefin surfaces
RU2115561C1 (ru) * 1993-11-13 1998-07-20 Хехст АГ Воскосодержащая смазка для термически переводимых систем, надписи и декодирования
US6159568A (en) * 1992-02-21 2000-12-12 Avery Dennison Corporation Peelable label
WO2001032780A1 (de) * 1999-11-01 2001-05-10 Romonta Gmbh Wachszusammensetzung
US6254970B1 (en) 1998-10-08 2001-07-03 International Playing Card & Label Co. Substrates for heat transfer labels
US6344269B1 (en) * 1996-12-11 2002-02-05 Avery Dennison Corporation Heat-transfer label
US6579395B1 (en) * 1998-09-19 2003-06-17 Polycarta Limited Transfers
US20030134110A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-17 Laprade Jean Paul Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US6716501B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2004-04-06 Avery Dennison Corporation Multilayered film
US6756095B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2004-06-29 Avery Dennison Corporation Heat-sealable laminate
US6758000B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2004-07-06 Avery Dennison Corporation Livestock security tag assembly
US6773653B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-08-10 Avery Dennison Corporation In-mold labeling method
US7364777B1 (en) 2004-08-18 2008-04-29 Multi-Color Corporation Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US20090124985A1 (en) * 2007-06-13 2009-05-14 Erik John Hasenoehrl Skin treatment device
WO2012106595A1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Multi-Color Corporation Release formulation for label including synthetic wax
WO2013019821A1 (en) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 Sun Chemical Corporation High-stretch energy curable inks & method of use in heat transfer label applications
US9206338B2 (en) 2002-01-16 2015-12-08 Multi-Color Corporation Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1130266A (en) * 1966-12-19 1968-10-16 Dennison Mfg Co Heat transfers

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894167A (en) * 1972-04-24 1975-07-08 Xavier Leipold F Decalcomania for decorating ceramic ware
US3859094A (en) * 1973-01-05 1975-01-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Sheet material useful in image transfer techniques
US3974014A (en) * 1974-07-10 1976-08-10 Hallmark Cards, Incorporated Method for transferring design image to wax articles
US4307761A (en) * 1978-10-27 1981-12-29 Diamond International Corporation Article inflating system including an endless belt assembly
WO1983001019A1 (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-03-31 Dennison Mfg Co Screen printing of heat transferable labels
US4466994A (en) * 1981-09-25 1984-08-21 Dennison Manufacturing Company Heat transferable labels
US4557964A (en) * 1983-06-06 1985-12-10 Dennison Manufacturing Company Heat transferable laminate
US4592946A (en) * 1983-08-22 1986-06-03 Dennison Manufacturing Company Thermal ink transfer recording
US4548857A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-10-22 Dennison Manufacturing Co. Heat transferable laminate
US4536434A (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-08-20 Dennison Manufacturing Co. Heat transfer laminate
US4684554A (en) * 1985-04-12 1987-08-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Polymeric coating for container induction innerseal
US4555436A (en) * 1985-09-19 1985-11-26 Dennison Manufacturing Co. Heat transferable laminate
US6159568A (en) * 1992-02-21 2000-12-12 Avery Dennison Corporation Peelable label
US6165576A (en) * 1992-02-21 2000-12-26 Avery Dennison Corporation Peelable label
RU2115561C1 (ru) * 1993-11-13 1998-07-20 Хехст АГ Воскосодержащая смазка для термически переводимых систем, надписи и декодирования
WO1998022226A1 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-05-28 Stevenson Michael J Decoration and printing on polyolefin surfaces
US5840142A (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-11-24 Stevenson; Michael J. Decoration and printing on polyolefin surfaces
US6344269B1 (en) * 1996-12-11 2002-02-05 Avery Dennison Corporation Heat-transfer label
US6579395B1 (en) * 1998-09-19 2003-06-17 Polycarta Limited Transfers
US6254970B1 (en) 1998-10-08 2001-07-03 International Playing Card & Label Co. Substrates for heat transfer labels
WO2001032780A1 (de) * 1999-11-01 2001-05-10 Romonta Gmbh Wachszusammensetzung
US6756095B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2004-06-29 Avery Dennison Corporation Heat-sealable laminate
US6758000B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2004-07-06 Avery Dennison Corporation Livestock security tag assembly
US6773653B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-08-10 Avery Dennison Corporation In-mold labeling method
US8252400B2 (en) 2002-01-16 2012-08-28 Mcc-Dec Tech, Llc Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US20030134110A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-17 Laprade Jean Paul Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US20070104946A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2007-05-10 Laprade Jean P Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US9206338B2 (en) 2002-01-16 2015-12-08 Multi-Color Corporation Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US6716501B2 (en) 2002-07-18 2004-04-06 Avery Dennison Corporation Multilayered film
US7364777B1 (en) 2004-08-18 2008-04-29 Multi-Color Corporation Heat-transfer label assembly and method of using the same
US20090124985A1 (en) * 2007-06-13 2009-05-14 Erik John Hasenoehrl Skin treatment device
US8518001B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2013-08-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Skin treatment device
WO2012106595A1 (en) 2011-02-04 2012-08-09 Multi-Color Corporation Release formulation for label including synthetic wax
US9511621B2 (en) 2011-02-04 2016-12-06 Multi-Color Corporation Release formulation for label including synthetic wax
WO2013019821A1 (en) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 Sun Chemical Corporation High-stretch energy curable inks & method of use in heat transfer label applications
EP3257677A1 (en) 2011-08-01 2017-12-20 Sun Chemical Corporation Inks or coatings and method of use in heat transfer label applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2016438A1 (de) 1971-04-08
FR2057626A6 (da) 1971-05-21
DE2016438B2 (de) 1972-09-28
NL6919682A (da) 1971-02-15
DK153660C (da) 1988-12-19
GB1325930A (en) 1973-08-08
DK153660B (da) 1988-08-08

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