US3612506A - Cushioning device - Google Patents

Cushioning device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3612506A
US3612506A US861007A US3612506DA US3612506A US 3612506 A US3612506 A US 3612506A US 861007 A US861007 A US 861007A US 3612506D A US3612506D A US 3612506DA US 3612506 A US3612506 A US 3612506A
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Prior art keywords
block
cavities
elastomeric material
nonstretchable
tie member
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Expired - Lifetime
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US861007A
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English (en)
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Andre Alfred Malherbe
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/26—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B60D1/24—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions
    • B60D1/30—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for sway control, e.g. stabilising or anti-fishtail devices; Sway alarm means
    • B60D1/32—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for sway control, e.g. stabilising or anti-fishtail devices; Sway alarm means involving damping devices
    • B60D1/322—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices characterised by arrangements for particular functions for sway control, e.g. stabilising or anti-fishtail devices; Sway alarm means involving damping devices using fluid dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B61F5/125—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers with rubber elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to devices for cushioning the relative displacement of two bodies and is more particularly concerned with such a device adapted to damp down the relative oscillation of two bodies connected by an articulated link, such as a tractor and trailer assembly.
  • fluid-friction-cushioning devices include piston and cylinder assemblies, the manufacture of which is costly because of the small fitting tolerances being required for an efficient sealing action, and which are further easily damaged by wear and accordingly put out of service, if expensive treatments and/or costly materials are not used for their manufacture.
  • a first object of the present invention is to work out a cushioning, device of rugged structure and small overall dimensions, built from simple elements and devoid of any piston and cylinder assembly, which is thereby easily manufactured at low cost and requires no maintenance.
  • a cushioning device madein accordance with the present invention is characterized notably in that it is essentially comprised of a block of elastomeric material adapted to bedistorted and notably to be in part compressed and pan stretch-by the aforesaid relative motion, said block being formed by a pair of internal sealed cavities arranged so .that their respective volumes vary inversely during the block distortion, said cavities being connected by at least one duct means provided with throttle means adapted to impede the transfer between said cavities of a liquid with which they are it will be clearly seen that the invention allows for the con struction of cushioning devices of various configurations, in which energy is dissipated not only by throttling the liquid being transferred which action is particularly efficient with respect to important overall deformations of the block, but also by internal friction within, the block of elastomeric material which action is particularly efficient with respect to short-range and fast deformations of said block. Besides, all
  • the structural elements of the device can be incorporated to the block of elastomeric material, so that the possible uses of the device are not limited by sealing constraints; in this respect, it should be noted that the device being distorted keeps a constant volume, and thus is not affected by the ambient pressure, whereby it can be used without constraint in variable pressure environment, and by way of example for submarine uses. ln addition, the device works silently.
  • the aforesaid block of elastomeric material is compressed between two rigid end plates, which are for example parallel at rest, and driven into relative angular displacement by the aforesaid motion.
  • end plates can be incorporated to the device itself, and can carry fastening means providing for its universal use or conversely could form integral parts of the bodies, the relative motion of which is to be damped down by said device.
  • the center portions of the aforesaid end plates are connected to one another by a nonstretchable tie member, which is flexible and/or hinged with at least one of said end plates, and which advantageously extends through the block of elastomeric material.
  • the so-constructed device has for an advantage to constitute a functionally complete unit, adapted to provide for mutual linkage between the bodies in addition to the cushioning of their relative motion, and possibly for the transmission between said bodies of compression or twist forces, and further of traction forces.
  • the aforesaid cavities are formed on either side of the aforesaid non stretchable tie member extending through the block of elastomeric material; when the .latter is formed with several cavities; said cavities are distributed around said tie member according to a cyclic pattern.
  • the aforesaid block of elastomeric material can be formed with several pairs of cavities disposed at respective diametrically opposite locations with respect to the aforesaid tie member and connected to each other by a respective duct means, thereby allowing for selective cushioning of angular motions occurring around axes respectively perpendicular to the planes of said pairs of cavities.
  • duct means connecting the cavities are advantageously provided with throttle members, possibly bypassed by valve means having a larger flow rate, which open for a determined direction of liquid flow and/or under a determined differential pressure.
  • This arrangement permits to-obtain at will a double-throw cushioning effect having identical or different intensities in either direction of liquid flow, and in the borderline case, a single-throw cushioning effect, whilst avoiding if required any risk of overpressure liable to cause damage to the device.
  • the rating of the throttle member, and possibly that of the valve means if preferably adjustable.
  • fig. 1 illustrates a possible use of a device made in accordance with the invention for coupling a trailer to a tractor vehicle.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are diagrammatic sketches illustrating the structure and working of a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective, part-sectional view of a device constituting an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show two possible uses of the cushioning device of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the use of a cushioning device D according to the invention for coupling a caravan C to a tractor vehicle, such as a car A;
  • the device D as shown from the outside, is essentially made of a block of elastomeric material E disposed between two end plates F, one of which is secured with bolts to the pole T of the caravan C and the other of which carries an axial pin fitted into a sleeve M rigid with the tractor vehicle A, said pin being locked in position by the grasp of 'a pawl carried by said sleeve into a peripheral groove formed in said pin.
  • the device D is capable of transmitting to the caravan C the traction exerted by the car A while cushioning the sway and pitch motions of said caravan, the roll motion of which is however independent from that of the car A, owing to the arrangement of the coupling between the device D and the sleeve M.
  • a nonstretchable tie member L comprising by way of example a tie rod hinged with one of the end plates F by means of a swivel joint, or conversely a cable or chain stretched between the end plates, so that the latter are held in a predetermined spaced relationship, but can freely rotate with respect to one another, as shown on FIGS. 28 and 2C; in the illustrative use of the device shown on FIG. 1, this arrangement obviously permits to transmit the traction force of the car A to the caravan C, while allowing for free orientation of the latter.
  • the block of elastomeric material E is substantially of cylindrical shape and is formed by four internal cavities El-E4 symmetrically distributed around a central cavity EO through which extends the nonstretchable tie member L; cavities El and E3, which lie in the same vertical plane, are sealingly closed and connected by a duct R provided with an adjustable throttling valve S bypassed by a one-way valve S.
  • cavities E2 and E4 located in the same horizontal plane and accordingly not shown on FIGS. 2A-2C, are sealingly closed and connnected by a duct provided with an adjustable throttling valve.
  • the cavities El-E4, as well as their connecting ducts and associated valves, are filled up with a liquid, the included air being carefully drained.
  • any relative angular displacement of the end plates F distorts the block of elastomeric material B, one part of which is compressed, and the diametrically opposite part of which is stretched; accordingly, the capacity of the cavity located in the compressed part and the capacity of the cavity located in the stretched part vary inversely, the first being reduced while the second increases, and are modified by the same amount, since the elastomeric material keeps its volume constant when it is distorted, and since the liquid filling up the cavities is incompressible.
  • the cavities E2 and E4 lying in the same horizontal plane are connected by means of a mere throttling valve, whereby the sway movements of the caravan in either direction are identically damped down; on the contrary, the throttling valve S through which the cavities E1 and E3 lying in the same vertical plane are interconnected is advantageously bypassed by a one-way valve, whereby the pitch movements of the caravan are damped down in an asymmetrical manner, the device D impeding efiiciently any raising movement of the pole T, but on the contrary having substantially no effect against its downward displacements, as it is shown on FIGS. 28 and 2C respectively.
  • the structure of the device D and its mounting between the car A and the caravan C could be modified whenever required; particularly, if it is desirable to keep unaltered the original coupling, the device D could be affixed laterally to the caravan C or to its pole T by one of its end plates, the pin carried by its other end plate engaging with a sliding fit through an eyepiece or sleeve secured by a toggle joint to the corresponding side of the tractor vehicle A.
  • an asymmetrical damping of the sway movements could be provided for, with a view to compensating the difference of the lever arms in either direction of relative rotation of the caravan c, and/or to taking into account the cambering of the roadway.
  • F IG. 3 illustrates in a more realistic way than the sketches of FIGS. 2A-2C a possible embodiment of the device D shown on FIG. 1.
  • elastomeric material E which is of substantially cylindrical shape, are included; a metal strip which is helically wound on its flats to constitute a resilient stiffener for cavity EO; four bellows ll, 12, 13 and 14 made of rubber-impregnated fabric and substantially inextensible in peripheral direction, respectively define the cavities El, E2, E3 and E4; a stiffening structure for the outer periphery of the block, which consists of a braid of metal or textile yarns wound helically on its flats; and at last the valves 51,3 and 82,4 which respectively connect ducts R1, R3 extending from bellows ll, 13 to ducts R2, R4, extending from bellows l2, 14.
  • the manufacture of the block E can be easily proceeded with by putting along the axis of a cylindrical mould the central stiffener l0 surrounded by a sleeve of crude elastomeric material and by wrapping on the inner periphery of the mould the braid l4 embedded in crude elastomeric material, then by placing between the stiffeners the bellows 11 to 14 and their connecting ducts, together with the valves 81,3 and 82,4 interconnected with the latter, said bellows being advantageously swelled with compressed air and held in place by temporary fixtures in order to facilitate the last-mentioned operation, and finally by pouring into the so-fitted mould, elastomeric material in the form of a latex, an emulsion, a powder or any other suitable form and curing the whole body of material to cause the same to cohere and to acquire the required properties.
  • the end plates F1, F2 merely consist of stamped sheet metal blanks 20, identically shaped and formed with an outer turned edge, in the center of which are secured, as by welding, respective sleeves 21, 22.
  • the end plates F 1, F2 are laid upon the end faces of the block of elastomeric material E, and are preferably cemented thereto, their sleeves 21, 22 are fitted in the central cavity E0, whereas their outer turned edges are advantageously crimped over the periphery of the block in order to provide for proper centering of the latter and for stiffening the assembly.
  • the cavities E1-E4 and their connecting ducts Rl-R4 are then filled up with a liquid and carefully drained, if this operation was not effected when casting the block of elastomeric materials E; to this end, it is convenient to lay aside the metering screws provided for adjustment of the throttling valves 81,3 and 82,4 which extend through holes formed for this purpose in the end plates F l F2.
  • the last operation is to insert through the central cavity E0 the nonstretchable tie member (not shown) connecting the end plates F 1, F2 said tie member consisting either of a cable or chain anchored on fixtures rigid with the sleeves 21, 22, or of a stiff tie rod rigidly secured to one end plate and hinged with the other by a toggle joint.
  • tie member means are advantageously provided for enabling its tensioning, with a view to exerting a predetermined compression on the block of elastomeric material E and thus preventing its stretched portions from being torn when it is distorted; of course, during this tensioning, a determined amount of the liquid filling up the cavities E1 to E4 must be allowed to escape, by way of example, through partial unscrewing of the setting screws of the throttling valves 81,3 and 82,4.
  • the device D being thus completed may be mounted in operative position and for instance secured to the pole T of the caravan C shown on FIG. 1 by means of studs rigid with the end plate Fl, a suitably shaped pin being mounted in and extending axially outwards from the sleeve 22 rigid with the end plate F2 for this same intended use.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate two other possible uses of the device D made in accordance with the embodiment shown on FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 On FIG. 4 is shown in elevation with local section a railway car W provided with a pendular or "state car" suspension system including cushioning devices made in accordance with the invention.
  • the bolsters of the carriage in which are journaled the wheel axles carry, through the intermediary of the primary and secondary suspension stages, a footplate P rigid with a post P, the upper end of which supports the body of the car W through the intermediary of a swivel joint.
  • This construction allows not only for free rotation of the carriage under the car body, but also for lateral slanting of said body when the car runs at high speed along a curved track in order to compensate the effects of centrifugal force; however, guide means prevent longitudinal displacements of the carriage under the car body, by way of example as they occur during a deceleration caused by braking.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another possible use of the device according to the invention, namely the suspension of a centrifugal dryer comprising a framework B in which spins a drum T driven into rotation by a motor M rigidly secured to the framework; the latter is carried, through the intermediary of toggle joints, by three cushioning devices D1, D2 and D3 according to the invention, disposed symmetrically about the vertical axis of revolution of the drum T.
  • this construction allows for an efficient damping of the radial motions deriving from a possible want of balance of the drum T or of its content, and also of the peripheral motions occurring when the drum starts to rotate or is braked; the cushioning of these motions can be possibly different.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described, which are only illustrative, and on the contrary includes all modifications and adaptations of the device remaining within the skill of the technicalman; thus and for instance, it is possible to build a device having a circular, symmetry around an axis, including by way of example three cavities each one connected to the two adjacent cavities by ducts provided with throttling means; said throttling means could consist, instead of independent valves, of particular configurations of the ducts, such as internal lips forming a reed corresponding to a throttle and associated one-way valve; the device could be symmetrical with respect to a plane including the axis of relative rotation of its end plates and on either side of which could be located mutually interconnected cavities; said end plates could be connected to one another by a stiff, nonstretchable tie member hinged with one end plate in a manner allowing for transmission of compressive forces; the end plates themselves could be omitted, the block of elastomeric material being directly cemented to
  • a device for cushioning a relative motion of limited amplitude between two bodies, such as relative oscillation of said bodies said device being comprised of an integral block of elastomeric material operatively connected to said bodies, to be distorted by said motion without changing its overall volume, so that one part of said block is compressed while another part of same is stretched, said block being formed with at least two sealed internal cavities respectively located in said parts and arranged so that their volumes vary inversely as a consequence of the block distortion, said cavities being interconnected by at least one duct means, said cavities and said duct means being filled with an incompressible liquid, and said duct means being provided with throttle means operative to impede the transfer of said liquid between said cavities during said block distortion.
  • Device characterized in that the center portions of said end plates are connected to one another by a nonstretchable tie member, which is flexible and/or hinged with at least one of said end plates.
  • said block of elastomeric material includes several cavities symmetrically distributed around a common axis and operatively interconnected by respective duct means along which extends said nonstretchable tie member.
  • said block of elastomeric material includes several pairs of cavities disposed at respective diametrically opposite locations with respect to a common axis along which extends said nonstretchable tie member, the cavities of each pair being connected to one another by a respective duct means.
  • Device characterized in that the flow rate of said throttling means and/or valve means is adjustable.
  • said block of elastomeric material is of substantially cylindrical shape and is compressed between two circular end plates, the center portions of which are connected to one another by a nonstretchable tie member extending axially through said block, said block being formed with two pairs of sealed internal cavities disposed in respective perpendicular axial planes and interconnected by respective duct means including respective throttling means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
US861007A 1968-09-25 1969-09-25 Cushioning device Expired - Lifetime US3612506A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR167590 1968-09-25

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US (1) US3612506A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1948352A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1590701A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL6914585A (en, 2012)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3827366A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-08-06 Mcneil Corp Material handling apparatus
US3896740A (en) * 1973-01-09 1975-07-29 Schweizerische Lokomotiv Pneumatic bogie stabilizer
US3906865A (en) * 1972-06-09 1975-09-23 Mcneil Corp Material handling apparatus
US4127244A (en) * 1976-10-21 1978-11-28 Pender David R Rotary wing aircraft mast arrangement
EP0042761A3 (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-04-21 Bridgestone Tire Company Limited Rubber vibration isolator
USD313956S (en) 1988-11-03 1991-01-22 Hoyt Donald R Impact softening unit for attachment to the draw bar of a travel trailer
US5054753A (en) * 1988-05-13 1991-10-08 Michael Polus Damping device for shock loading
US6126153A (en) * 1992-04-28 2000-10-03 Btr Antivibration Systems, Inc. Methods of formation and installation of prepackaged fluid-damping article for elastomeric mount
DE19953768A1 (de) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-23 Michael Eggert Einrichtung zur Vermeidung des Aufschaukelns von Fahrzeuganhängern
US20030127820A1 (en) * 2002-01-04 2003-07-10 Carlstedt Robert P. Connecting component
US6601867B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2003-08-05 U-Haul International, Inc. Breakaway coupler assembly
DE10329982A1 (de) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Charakteristik eines Lagers mittels einer magnetisierbaren Flüssigkeit
US20100207347A1 (en) * 2007-10-10 2010-08-19 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Spring strut bearing

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2962362D1 (en) * 1978-12-07 1982-04-29 Peugeot Elastic mounting, particularly for the suspension of a vehicle motor
FR2462618A2 (fr) * 1979-08-03 1981-02-13 Peugeot Cale elastique, notamment pour la suspension d'un moteur de vehicule
JPS5673239A (en) 1979-11-15 1981-06-17 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Vibration isolating rubber bush
DE3104708A1 (de) * 1981-02-10 1982-08-26 WOCO Franz-Josef Wolf & Co, 6483 Bad Soden-Salmünster Dreikammerdaempfer
US4577842A (en) * 1983-11-25 1986-03-25 Imperial Clevite Inc. Self-stabilizing dry viscous spring damper
GB2180318A (en) * 1985-05-22 1987-03-25 Secretary Trade Ind Brit Vehicle suspension system
DE3629569C1 (de) * 1986-08-30 1987-07-09 Hansa Metallwerke Ag Sanitaeres Ventil
DE102010050197B4 (de) * 2009-11-04 2013-04-18 INFATEC Consulting für innovative Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH Sicherheitskupplung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2226605A (en) * 1938-03-25 1940-12-31 Gen Motors Corp Pneumatic cushion
US3087717A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-04-30 Great Dane Trailers Inc Fluid pressure spring with resilient partitions

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2226605A (en) * 1938-03-25 1940-12-31 Gen Motors Corp Pneumatic cushion
US3087717A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-04-30 Great Dane Trailers Inc Fluid pressure spring with resilient partitions

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3827366A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-08-06 Mcneil Corp Material handling apparatus
US3906865A (en) * 1972-06-09 1975-09-23 Mcneil Corp Material handling apparatus
US3896740A (en) * 1973-01-09 1975-07-29 Schweizerische Lokomotiv Pneumatic bogie stabilizer
US4127244A (en) * 1976-10-21 1978-11-28 Pender David R Rotary wing aircraft mast arrangement
EP0042761A3 (en) * 1980-06-23 1982-04-21 Bridgestone Tire Company Limited Rubber vibration isolator
US5054753A (en) * 1988-05-13 1991-10-08 Michael Polus Damping device for shock loading
USD313956S (en) 1988-11-03 1991-01-22 Hoyt Donald R Impact softening unit for attachment to the draw bar of a travel trailer
US6126153A (en) * 1992-04-28 2000-10-03 Btr Antivibration Systems, Inc. Methods of formation and installation of prepackaged fluid-damping article for elastomeric mount
DE19953768A1 (de) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-23 Michael Eggert Einrichtung zur Vermeidung des Aufschaukelns von Fahrzeuganhängern
US6601867B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2003-08-05 U-Haul International, Inc. Breakaway coupler assembly
US20030127820A1 (en) * 2002-01-04 2003-07-10 Carlstedt Robert P. Connecting component
US6722677B2 (en) * 2002-01-04 2004-04-20 Meritor Light Vehicle Technology, Llc Connecting component
DE10329982A1 (de) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Charakteristik eines Lagers mittels einer magnetisierbaren Flüssigkeit
DE10329982B4 (de) * 2003-06-27 2005-09-15 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Charakteristik eines Lagers mittels einer magnetisierbaren Flüssigkeit
US20100207347A1 (en) * 2007-10-10 2010-08-19 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Spring strut bearing

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Publication number Publication date
NL6914585A (en, 2012) 1970-03-31
FR1590701A (en, 2012) 1970-04-20
DE1948352A1 (de) 1970-04-02

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