US3608840A - Nonclogging impact crusher - Google Patents

Nonclogging impact crusher Download PDF

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Publication number
US3608840A
US3608840A US788808A US3608840DA US3608840A US 3608840 A US3608840 A US 3608840A US 788808 A US788808 A US 788808A US 3608840D A US3608840D A US 3608840DA US 3608840 A US3608840 A US 3608840A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bars
breaker bars
breaker
backwall
rotor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US788808A
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English (en)
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Mark R Lange
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NEW BYERS CORP
Metso Outotec USA Inc
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NEW BYERS CORP
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Assigned to NORDBERG INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment NORDBERG INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: REXNORD INC.
Assigned to FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE reassignment FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NORDBERG, INC., A DE CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE, 100 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON, MA 02110, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION reassignment FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BOSTON, THE, 100 FEDERAL ST., BOSTON, MA 02110, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NORDBERG, INC., 3073 SOUTH CHASE AVE., MILWAUKEE, WI 53207, A DE CORP.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B02C13/284—Built-in screens

Definitions

  • LANGE ATTORNEY NONCLOGGING INIIMYI tltllslihllt BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There are several types of machines that are used for the crushing and size reduction of rocks including jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, pan crushers, roll crushers, and impact crushers. These various machines utilize different principals of operation in accomplishing their desired objective.
  • an impact crusher the rocks are struck with a sufficiently hard blow to fracture them into smaller pieces.
  • the present invention deals with rock crushers of this type.
  • an impact crusher uses one or more rotors each having two or more hammers evenly spaced about its periphery.
  • the rock is fed by gravity into the rock crusher where it is struck by a rapidly moving hammer and is impelled against one or more breaker bars.
  • These breaker bars are positioned so as to protect the walls of the chamber that would normally be subjected to the greatest amount of abrasion and wear by rapidly propelled rocks.
  • the breaker bars are generally circular and are typically fabricated from bar stock, several inches thick, normally heat treated so as to provide a wear-resistant surface. When the size of the rock is sufficiently small, it passes between the bars and falls to the bottom of the crusher where it is removed. Thus it can be seen that the spacing between the bars determines the size of the final product.
  • quarry rock of relatively high quality and low moisture was used as feed stock for the crusher.
  • This rock contained a relatively small amount of foreign material such as mud and clay and very little moisture.
  • sources of this high quality rock are slowly depleted, it is often necessary in many locations to rework tailings and secondary sources of ore to supply enough crushed rock to satisfy customer demand.
  • the alternative sources of rock normally contain a higher portion of foreign materials or moisture, both of which tend to clog the crusher, thereby preventing proper size reduction and causing a substantial diminution in the efficiency of the crusher.
  • One object of the present invention is to improve the operation and efficiency of an impact-type rock crusher.
  • Another object is to overcome the problems caused by wet feed and foreign materials sticking to the breaker bars and wall in a hammer crusher by rotating certain of the breaker bars and by vibrating the wall behind the breaker bars.
  • a further object is the provision of lobes for scrapers in conjunction with these rotating breaker bars to further assist in preventing the build up of foreign or wet materials.
  • FIG. I is a perspective elevational view of a single-rotor impact crusher, as viewed from the side and rear of the crusher;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the crusher taken along lines 22 of FIG. 1 showing the rotor, breaker bars and some of the improved features of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the back of the brusher
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of a tension adjustment means for the chains used to rotate various of the breaker bars;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view taken along lines 6--6 of FIG. 5, and
  • FIG. 7 is a partial view showing yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the present invention relates to a rock crusher composed of a housing defining a crushing chamber having a front feed opening therein and a backwall spaced opposite said opening. A top, sidewalls and a bottom discharge opening complete the chamber.
  • Rotor means within the chamber have two or more axially extending hammers evenly spaced about the periphery thereof.
  • a plurality of spaced, heavy-duty breaker bars are spaced from the rotor, and are vertically positioned in front ol and spaced from the back wall to protect the same. Additional breaker bars may extend along the top of the chamber for added protection.
  • At least several of the more active breaker bars i.e., those close to the rotor that participate to the greatest extent in the fracturing of the rocks, are slowly rotated preferably in the same direction as that of the rotor. At the same time the wall in back of these rotating breaker bars is vibrated at a relatively high frequency to prevent accumulation of material on the wall.
  • FIG. 1 the crusher 2 is mounted on a pair of heavyduty I beams 4 cross braced with additional I beams 6.
  • the enclosed chamber has a feed chute l0, sidewalls 8 (one of which is shown), inclined wall 47, top 40, and a backwall I2.
  • the feed chute 10 is defined by two sides 26, a backwall 13, top II and a feed opening having a chain curtain (shown in FIG. 2).
  • a rotor shaft 14 runs in two bearings 16 which are supported in pillow blocks 18 which in turn are mounted on the framework 20 on I beams 4.
  • the sidewall 8 is composed of a plurality of plates 22, 24, 26. This facilitates repair of the wall by replacement, not of the entire wall but rather of individual plates, when they become worn or broken.
  • Extending through the sidewalls and generally parallel to the rotor are a plurality of heavy roundl breaker bars including several bars 30 along the upper portion of the chamber, four rotatable bars 32A, B, C and D along the backwall and several bars 36 (shown in FIG. 2) along the lower portion of the chamber.
  • the two breaker bars 32D and 34 immediately above the axis of the rotor are adapted to be moved toward or away from the periphery of the rotor, thereby serving as means to regulate the maximum size of product passing through the crusher.
  • These two bars 32D and 34 are preferably provided with a safety arrangement as generally described in US. Pat. No. 3,202,368 assigned to the assignee of the present invention, to prevent serious damage to the crusher in the event that tramp iron or the like becomes jammed between the rotor and either one of the breaker bars.
  • a motor 42 which drives a gear reducer 44 by belt 43.
  • This gear reducer transmits rotary motion through shaft 46 to sprocket 48.
  • the shaft is held in place by pillow blocks 45.
  • the sprocket 48 is connected by chain 50 to a similar sprocket on idler shaft 52 mounted in pillow blocks I10, 112 on the backwall I2 of the crusher.
  • the four rotatable breaker bars 32 A, B, C and D extend through the sidewall 8 of the chamber and have sprockets 54A, 54B, 54C and 54D mounted thereon.
  • Chain 56 passes around a second sprocket on idler shaft 52 and then around sprockets 54A and C to drive breaker bars 32A and C while chain 58 passes around a third sprocket 57 on idler shaft 52 and thence around sprocket 54B and 54D to rotate breaker bars 328 and 32D.
  • Adjustment means 60 is used to regulate the adjustment of the tension on the various chains 50, 56 and 58.
  • a vibrator 62 is mounted on the backwall 12 of the crusher and has an oscillator that is connected to an inner wall resiliently connected to the backwall.
  • FIG. 2 shows the details of the interior of the single-rotor rock crusher of FIG. 1.
  • the crushing chamber is generally defined by the top 40 sidewall 8, backwall 12 and front 70.
  • a feed chute 110 has an entrance 72 which is provided with a row of heavy chains 74 suspended from the top 11 of the chute. These chains permit large rocks to be introduced into the chamber and serve to keep small rocks from flying out of the chamber after being struck by the hammers.
  • the rotor 76 contains a pair of slots 78 in which hammers 80 are positioned, and are securely locked by suitable means such as wedges 82 and bolts 84 details of which are more completely described in US. Pat. No. 3,295,773 owned by the present assignee of the subject invention.
  • feed plate 90 Below the feed opening is a feed plate 90.
  • the feed plate to form an angle with the axle 14 of the rotor and with the lowermost heavy duty breaker 34 of less than 180. In this manner, one hammer is passing through the active zone delivering impact blows to the incoming feed, while the other hammer is inactive. This serves to deliver the full energy of the heavy rotor to the impact.
  • Breaker bars 32 D and 34 are disposed in slots 103, 106 respectively and can be moved toward or away from the rotor 76 to control the size of the final product. Bars 36 located below the shaft of the rotor participate to some extent in the crushing of the rock but are generally not as active as those above the shaft. Feed stock that is reduced to a sufficiently small size passes between the breaker bars and falls through discharge chamber 94 onto a conveyor, or the like placed beneath the crusher.
  • a floating wall 100 is joined to the backwall 12 of the chamber by a plurality of elastomeric bushings 102. This floating wall is coupled to the vibrating mechanism 104 of the vibrator 62.
  • FIG. 3 is a rear view of the rock crusher, showing the drive arrangement for the rotating breaker bars.
  • the speed reducer 44 is driven by belts 43 connected to motor 42 immediately in back of the reducer, and in turn the reducer drives shaft 36 secured in pillow blocks 45.
  • On the end of the shaft is connected a sprocket that drives chain 50.
  • This chain rotates idler shaft 52 mounted in a self-aligning bearing in pillow block 110 bolted or otherwise secured to wall 12.
  • the idler shaft passes through a second self-aligning bearing in pillow block 1 l2 and is cantilevered therebeyond. Connected to the projected portion of the idler shaft 52 are three sprockets. Chain 50 passes around the sprocket closest to the wall of the crusher.
  • the next adjacent sprocket drives chain 56, which rotates breaker bar 32A and 32C.
  • Chain 58 revolves around the outermost sprocket and passes around sprockets on breaker bars 328 and 32D. Because of the high starting torque that is required to commence rotation of the breaker bars as well as the torque applied by the repeated impact of rock against the breaker bars, it is necessary that a torque control such as a torque coupling between the motor and the load, and/or a torque control integral with the sprockets mounted on idler shaft 52 be used.
  • FIG. 4 Details of the tension adjustment means, as well as the arrangement of the various sprockets for the rotors is shown in FIG. 4.
  • sprocket 57 and the other sprockets directly behind it are joined to idler shaft 52 by appropriate means such as a slotted keyway in which key 120 is disposed.
  • the shaft is supported in two pillow blocks one of which 112 is shown.
  • This pillow block is mounted to a plate 122 pivotally mounted to the sidewall of the rock crusher by suitable means such as bolt 124 and nut.
  • a screw adjustment 126 permits adjustment of the plate 122 toward or away from sprockets 54 A, B, C and D thereby providing means to readily adjust the tension on chain 56 and 58.
  • Such adjustment means are normally necessitated by the chain becoming worn and undergoing a certain amount of elongation and stretching in use.
  • a five horsepower motor rotating at 1,750 r.p.m. is connected by twin V-belts to a shaft mounted speed reducer.
  • the input r.p.m. of the reducer is maintained at 636 r.p.m. through the sheave ratios of the V-belt drive.
  • the reducer in turn converts this input to an output speed of 25 r.p.m. through the internal gears of the reducer.
  • the output speed is transmitted through a shaft to an 18 tooth sprocket in the end of the shaft opposite the reducer.
  • a chain drive from the output shaft sprocket to a similar 18 tooth sprocket drives the idler shaft.
  • Two other sprockets each having 18 teeth are mounted on the idler shaft next to the existing driven sprocket. These two sprockets differ from the driven sprocket in that they have a torque limiting device, similar to a friction-type plate clutch. These devices protect the idler shaft and chains against the sudden change in torque caused by rocks impacting against the rotating breaker bars.
  • An individual chain drive passes around each of the clutchtype sprockets and to alternative breaker bars having l8 tooth sprockets on their projecting ends.
  • the use of the clutch-type sprockets protects the entire system, from rotating bars to and including the motor, from excessive overload due to the surges in torque caused by rocks being disintegrated against the breaker bars.
  • Each of the clutch-type sprockets are adjustable and their torque limit may be set as determined by existing conditions.
  • the motor shall mean any and all power producing units whatever their configuration may be.
  • the reducer indicates a means whereby the input speed is either increased or decreased for output by whatever means necessary.
  • the clutch-type sprockets shall be any and all means whereby the torque input or output of the sprockets may be adjusted or limited as desired.
  • the drive arrangement can be varied without departing from the present invention.
  • direct drive from the speed reducer directly to the breaker bars is possible.
  • each breaker bar may be individually driven.
  • all four breaker bars may be rotated by one chain passing over multiple sprockets.
  • another approach would be to drive one adjacent pair of breaker bars with one chain and a second pair with another.
  • Chains have been found to be particularly effective in that they are highly efficient and are capable of transmitting the required power in a positive manner.
  • a gear drive or other means such as V-belts can be used in place of one or more of the chains.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the invention constituting a further means of preventing the build up and accumulation of foreign material between and around the breaker bars and the backwall of a rock crusher.
  • Breaker bars 132 A, 132 B, 132 C and 132 D are mounted in and extend through suitable bearings 133.
  • To one end of each breaker bar is secured a suitable sprocket.
  • Chain 156 passes around the sprockets on breaker bars 132 A and C while chain 158 passes around the sprockets on the other two rotating breaker bars, to drive the bars in generally the same manner as previously described.
  • At spaced intervals along the breaker bars within the chamber are triangular lobes 135 A, 135 B, 135 C and 135 D.
  • lobes are connected to the breaker bars by welding or other suitable means.
  • the lobes 135 B on breaker bar 132 B are adapted to mesh with the lobes 135 A on the breaker bars 132 A and with the corresponding breaker bars 132C.
  • Lobes 135D on breaker bars 132 D mesh with the lobes 135 C on breaker bars 132 C.
  • These lobes form the rock contact surface of the breaker bars. Because of the triangular shape of the lobes, they create a pulsating motion during rotation of the breaker bars, insuring build up of material between the breaker bars.
  • Lobes with other cross-sectional shapes such as square or oval can be used in place of triangular lobes.
  • the sprockets on breaker bars 132 A and 132 C can have a different number of teeth than those on breaker bars 1328 and 132 D or alternatively, chain 156 can move at a different speed than chain 158 thereby providing a differential of movement between adjacent breaker bars further assisting in the cleansing action.
  • FIG. 7 Another variation, instead of lobes on the breaker bars, would be in the use of stationary knives located in proximity to the periphery of the rotating breaker bars to prevent accumulation of material thereon. As shown in FIG. 7, these knives or scraper blades 235 are placed near the periphery of the breaker bars 232 A, 232 B to continually remove the accumulation of material that adheres to the breaker bars. These scraper blades generally extend the full width of the chamber and are secured to the sides thereof by welding or other means. Alternatively, they may extend through slots in the sides of the chamber, and may be secured by suitable means permitting their easy removal from the chamber when not in use. Normally, they are positioned behind the breaker bars so as to be at least partially protected from damage by flying rocks. They are positioned as closely as possible to the breaker bars.
  • a rock crusher comprising a housing defining a confined crushing chamber having a feed opening and a backwall spaced opposite said feed opening, rotor means within said chamber having a plurality of hammers evenly spaced about the periphery thereof and a plurality of spaced breaker bars at least some of which are in front of and spaced from said backwall, the improvement for preventing the accumulation of material around and between the breaker bars and the backwall including means for slowly rotating at least some of the adjacent breaker bars in the same direction at a speed of between about 10 and about 50 revolutions per minute, and a floating wall spaced from and resiliently mounted to said backwall and a vibrator connected to said floating wall to vibrate the same, said rotating breaker bars each provided with a plurality of lobes spaced apart from one another along the periphery of the breaker bars, with the lobes of adjacent breaker bars intermeshed with one another.
  • a rock crusher comprising a confined chamber containing a rotor including a pair of hammers evenly spaced around the periphery thereof, said chamber defined by a front feed opening, a top, backwall, two side walls and a discharge chute below said rotor, and further including a feed chute below the feed opening for directing feed stock into contact with the hammers of the rotor, the shaft of the rotor extending through the sidewalls of the chamber generally parallel to and between the feed chute and the backwall, a plurality of breaker bars extending generally parallel to said rotor shaft with the ends thereof secured between the sidewalls, said breaker bars being spaced from one another and extending at least vertically from a position between the rotor and the backwall up to the top of the chamber, the improvement for preventing the build up of material around and between at least some of the breaker bars and the backwall comprising means for rotating at least two adjacent breaker bars, at a speed of between about 10 and about 50 rpm.
  • each of said rotating breaker bars provided with a plurality of spacedapart triangular lobes, with the lobes of one breaker bar intermeshing with those on the next adjacent breaker bar.
  • each rotating breaker bar extends through and beyond one sidewall of the chamber and has a sprocket mounted thereon, and rotational movement is transmitted to the bars by a chain engaging said sprocket.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
US788808A 1969-01-03 1969-01-03 Nonclogging impact crusher Expired - Lifetime US3608840A (en)

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US78880869A 1969-01-03 1969-01-03

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US3608840A true US3608840A (en) 1971-09-28

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US788808A Expired - Lifetime US3608840A (en) 1969-01-03 1969-01-03 Nonclogging impact crusher

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US (1) US3608840A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5220701B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2000076A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1290354A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5524839A (en) * 1993-08-05 1996-06-11 Westfalia Becorit Industrietechnik Gmbh Impact roll crusher assembly
US20030146318A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-07 Condon Gary J. Roll crusher teeth having hard compact material inserts
CN102397813A (zh) * 2011-07-24 2012-04-04 东北林业大学 树枝枝桠粉碎机
US20170144163A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2017-05-25 Hunan Sundy Science And Technology Co., Ltd. Automatic Cleaning Device for Ring Hammer Crusher, and Ring Hammer Crusher
US11045812B1 (en) * 2016-04-06 2021-06-29 Alvin A. Snaper Autogenous impact mill that reduces size of friable material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB238117A (en) * 1924-12-12 1925-08-13 Gerhard Zarniko Improvements in disintegrators, grinding and crushing mills
US2045691A (en) * 1932-04-16 1936-06-30 Jeffrey Mfg Co Pulverizer
US2993657A (en) * 1960-03-16 1961-07-25 Hazemag G M B H Impact comminutor
US3126014A (en) * 1964-03-24 Tobacco threshing machine
US3202368A (en) * 1963-08-26 1965-08-24 Missouri Rogers Corp Single rotor crusher
US3298620A (en) * 1963-03-25 1967-01-17 Tecnopatent S A Casing with pulsating internal wall for mills, mixers and similar equipment

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126014A (en) * 1964-03-24 Tobacco threshing machine
GB238117A (en) * 1924-12-12 1925-08-13 Gerhard Zarniko Improvements in disintegrators, grinding and crushing mills
US2045691A (en) * 1932-04-16 1936-06-30 Jeffrey Mfg Co Pulverizer
US2993657A (en) * 1960-03-16 1961-07-25 Hazemag G M B H Impact comminutor
US3298620A (en) * 1963-03-25 1967-01-17 Tecnopatent S A Casing with pulsating internal wall for mills, mixers and similar equipment
US3202368A (en) * 1963-08-26 1965-08-24 Missouri Rogers Corp Single rotor crusher

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5524839A (en) * 1993-08-05 1996-06-11 Westfalia Becorit Industrietechnik Gmbh Impact roll crusher assembly
AU672117B2 (en) * 1993-08-05 1996-09-19 Westfalia & Braun Zerkleinerungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Impact roll crusher assembly
US20030146318A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-07 Condon Gary J. Roll crusher teeth having hard compact material inserts
CN102397813A (zh) * 2011-07-24 2012-04-04 东北林业大学 树枝枝桠粉碎机
CN102397813B (zh) * 2011-07-24 2013-06-12 东北林业大学 树枝枝桠粉碎机
US20170144163A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2017-05-25 Hunan Sundy Science And Technology Co., Ltd. Automatic Cleaning Device for Ring Hammer Crusher, and Ring Hammer Crusher
US10569275B2 (en) * 2014-10-28 2020-02-25 Hunan Sundy Science And Technology Co., Ltd. Automatic cleaning device for ring hammer crusher, and ring hammer crusher
US11045812B1 (en) * 2016-04-06 2021-06-29 Alvin A. Snaper Autogenous impact mill that reduces size of friable material
US11786908B1 (en) * 2016-04-06 2023-10-17 Alvin A. Snaper Autogenous impact mill that reduces size of friable material

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Publication number Publication date
JPS5220701B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-06-06
DE2000076A1 (de) 1970-07-16
GB1290354A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-27

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Effective date: 19890308