US3608012A - Method for the manufacture of elongated objects of concrete - Google Patents

Method for the manufacture of elongated objects of concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
US3608012A
US3608012A US738276A US3608012DA US3608012A US 3608012 A US3608012 A US 3608012A US 738276 A US738276 A US 738276A US 3608012D A US3608012D A US 3608012DA US 3608012 A US3608012 A US 3608012A
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United States
Prior art keywords
concrete
container
mass
slide
compression
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Expired - Lifetime
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US738276A
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English (en)
Inventor
Per Olof Jonell
Sven Melker Nilsson
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Nilcon Ingeniorsfirman AB
INGENIORSFIRMAN NILCON AB
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Nilcon Ingeniorsfirman AB
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/22—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by screw or worm
    • B28B3/228—Slipform casting extruder, e.g. self-propelled extruder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/084—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting the vibrating moulds or cores being moved horizontally for making strands of moulded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/18—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for the production of elongated articles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of concrete objects by means of a slidable moulding assembly by feeding a concrete mass down from a movable container onto a support bed and vibrating the concrete for the compression of the concrete.
  • the invention eliminates any risk of fissures in the final object primarily by inserting a rcenforcement rod into the mass along with some water through an axial bore in a sleeve guide on the container, after a majority of the compressing or compacting of the mass has occurred.
  • a container-carried rotating screw is used for separating, by means of its threads, the concrete remaining in the container from the concrete in the object being formed.
  • PATENTEDSEP21 1am SHEET 1 0F 3 I PER BLOF JBNELL Mo swan musk NILSSMI IN VE N TORS B Y NMMXM PATENTEDSEPZI
  • the method requires that the resistance of the concrete, when the latter leaves the slide with the vibrator, the sufficient so that the object formed retains its shape without sagging or forming of fissures.
  • the concrete must be dispensed from the container very evenly and carefully as otherwise there is obtained an object having variating properties concerning resistance, tightness and dimensions. For this purpose expensive and complicated laying devices must be used.
  • the method further requires that the concrete has such a consistency and viscosity during the vibration that the reinforcement when such is used be completely enclosed and embedded.
  • the concrete From the container, the concrete must be laid out with a height of H so adjusted that the final object, the beam will have a height H, that is the correct one.
  • the relation l-l/H is inversely proportional to the relation between the volume weight of the concrete when uncompressed and when compressed, respectively. The value of the relation is about 0.5-0.69. This means in practice that if one desires to make a beam with the final height of e.g. 20 centimeters, one has to lay out the concrete in front of the vibration slide with a height of about 40 cms.
  • Proposals have been made to overcome said drawbacks and to render possible the manufacture, by means of sliding moulding, of lengthened concrete objects of considerable height, e.g. -100 cm. and with a minimum thickness of about 4-5 cm.
  • the side surfaces of the concrete layer formed on the bed are vibrated directly below the container filled by the concrete mass so that the concrete mixture is fed from the latter to compensate for volume of concrete required for the compression obtained by means of the vibration in lateral direction of the concrete layer formed below the container.
  • the concrete layer below the container is separated from the concrete mass remaining in the container by means of the threads of a rotating screw which extends in the longitudinal direction of the slide mould and is brought along by the latter during the advancement.
  • the screw is driven in such direction a way that the concrete mass is fed rearwards, i.e.
  • the reinforcement iron or rod extending in the longitudinal direction which generally is arranged at the upper border of the concrete object being formed, is inserted through an axial bore in the screw during the advancement of the slide mould.
  • the reinforcement iron will then leave the bore in the screw at the rear end of the same, i.e. at a place in the concrete object formed where the concrete mass already has been compressed to about 80 percent.
  • the advantage in feeding the reinforcement rod through the screw does not reside solely in a correct final position. If the upper border reinforcement rod is fed before or ahead of the container, the reinforcement rod will be pressed downwards by the descending concrete. In case the reinforcement is not suspended by bows or by being tensioned, it will eventually slide down to the bottom. On the other hand, if the reinforcement rod is lifted (as above), it is pressed down by the concrete to such an extend that it rebounds when the finished beam leaves the machine. However, this formation of very dangerous horizontal fissures in the beam. Also, the feeding does not have to be carried out by means of a special tube. The main point is that the feeding proper takes place after the container when the main compression already has been carried out.
  • the method makes it possible to manufacture grooved or channel-shaped concrete elements, having two parallel and rather high sidewalls by means the improved slide moulding as described and which sidewalls are formed continuously on a rather thin concrete layer formed shortly therebefore, said thin concrete layer being possibly laid out on a bed (e.g. according to the method described in our copending Swedish Pat. application No. 1467/65.)
  • the invention also relates to a machine for carrying into effect the method set forth hereinabove, said machine comprising a stand movable over a bed and having one or several containers for holding a concrete mixture, said containers having at their lower ends discharge openings for the concrete mixture and sidewalls extending ahead of and behind the container for forming the side surfaces of the concrete layer formed on the bed. At least one of said sidewalls is adapted to be vibrated in a lateral direction and includes a device for a vertical vibration of the upper surface of the concrete layer formed.
  • a main feature of the invention is that at the bottom of the container there is rotated a screw extending in the displacement direction of the container, said screw being adapted, during the slide moulding, by means of its threads to separate the concrete mass remaining in the container from the laterally vibrated concrete object already formed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical longitudinal section through a machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows on an enlarged scale a vertical longitudinal section a screw mounted for rotation in the machine
  • FIG. 3 is a partly longitudinally sectioned side elevation of a slide mould assembly for the manufacture of grooved concrete elements
  • FIG. 4 is a view from above of the assembly of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 shows on an enlarged scale a vertical section on line v-v in FIG. 3'
  • FIG. 6 shows on an even more enlarged scale a similar vertical cross section through the left-hand part of the aggregate according to FIG. 5.
  • the moulding machine shown in FIGS. 1-3 comprises a 5 container 1 with an opening 2 at its lower end for the discharge of the concrete mixture 3 in the container.
  • the container 2 is carried in a stand 4 (see FIG. 6) with running wheels 5 for the displacement of the machine on a flat bed 6.
  • parallel sidewalls 8 which extend in the forward direction as well as in the rearward direction beyond the container 1 (see FIG. 1).
  • the machine is further provided with a slide 9 for forming the upper surface 10 of the object 7.
  • the slide 9 is provided with a vibrator 11 for the compression of the concrete layer 7 in vertical direction.
  • springing means 12 the slide 9 is suspended on the stand 4 such that it can perform a vibration in a vertical plane.
  • Reference letter 13 denotes a stripper at the rear edge of the opening 2 at the container 1.
  • the rear end of the slide 9 is provided with a somewhat resilient steel plate 14 which prevents the concrete layer from forming a transverse bulge, a so-called pressure bulge at the rear end of the slide.
  • At least one mould wall 8, preferably the inner one (according to FIG. 6 the right hand one) is provided with a vibrator l5 and is by means of spring means 16 suspended in the stand 4 in such a way that it can vibrate in a horizontal plane.
  • the vibrators l1 and 5 are arranged in such a way that an obliquely rearward force is applied against the upper surface and side surfaces 17 of the concrete layer 7 formed.
  • the walls 8 at their lower ends also are each provided with their resilient steel plate 18; (FIG. 4).
  • the plates 14 and 18 cause, due to the vibration, also a certain so-called steel grinding of the concrete object 7.
  • the advancement of the machine along the bed 6 is carried out by means of an electric motor 19 via a chain 20 to the running wheels 5.
  • a rearwards and downwards inclining screw 23 is mounted for rotation in the opening 2 with one end 21 supported in a bearing 22, and the screw 23 extending in the longitudinal direction of the stand 4.
  • the screw is driven by an electric motor 24 via a pair of cogged wheels 25 and 26.
  • Axially extending in the screw is a bore 27 through which a reinforcement iron 28 can be moved.
  • the rather dry concrete mixture (the water-cement ration is e.g. 0.27-0.30) is fed or slides through the opening 2 down into the bed wherein 6, horizontally or vertically bent reinforcement irons 34 and 35 are laid on said bed 6.
  • the space between the sidewalls 8 of the machine is filled with concrete mass from the container 1. Due to the vibration, an intense compression of the concrete slab is obtained in the lateral direction and a new mass continuously flows down and out of the container to compensate for the concrete mass used up by means of the compression of the same.
  • Below the stripper 13 where the concrete object 7 has the height H the object is assumed to have been compressed already to 90 percent. Further compression of the concrete object is carried out by means of the walls 8 below the slide 9.
  • the reinforcement iron 28 will assume the correct distance relative to its upper surface 10, said distance 36 being determined by the inclination of the screw 2 and the level of the outlet. It might for this reason be advisable to make the bearing 22 for the screw 23 adjustable in such a way that the desired inclination of the screw 23 is easily obtained.
  • FIGS. M there is illustrated the manufacture of a grooved or channel-shaped object 37 (FIGS. 5-6) made of concrete.
  • This object 37 a grooved beam, has a bottom slab portion 38 and sidewall portions 39 extending upwards from the same.
  • the bottom portion 38 is first manufactured on the bed 6 and may preferably be produced by a slide mould machine 40 (FIG. 3 to the right) which has been described more in detail in my copending Swedish Patent application No. 1467/65. At the displacement of the machine 40 in the direction of the arrow 41 in FIG.
  • the rather dry concrete mixture 42 which in this case may have a water-cement ratio as low as about 0.25-0.27, flows through the opening 43 in the container 44 down on the bed 6, a downwards inclining slope 45 of the concrete mixture then being fonned below the front border 46 of the opening. Water is sprayed onto this slope 45 from jets 47 as evenly as possible. A part of the water then flows down towards the bed 6 where thus the water-cement ratio in the layer 48 will be as highest. Thus upper surface of the concrete layer is automatically smoothed by the stripper 49.
  • the front border 46 is situated'on a lower level than the stripper 49.
  • the concrete layer is compressed by the aid of the slide 50 of the machine 40 thereby that the vibrator 51 of the slide is vibrated whereby there is obtained the desired density of the layer.
  • a part of the water in the layer 48 is pressed upwards such that there is obtained a certain equalizing of the water content in the layer as a whole.
  • the water content at the upper surface never will be as high as to incur any risk that the slide 50 will become stuck to the layer, thereby assuring that the final bottom slab 38 will have a smooth, firm layer at the upper surface.
  • the bottom slab will be very firm and there is no risk whatsoever that it be deformed when the sidewalls 52 of the machine have moved beyond it.
  • the opposed longitudinal sides of the bottom slab 38 each provided with an upwardly projecting portion 53 having a height which is say two to three times larger than the thickness of the bottom slab.
  • These upwardly projecting portion 53 form, as shown in detail in FIG. 6, a guide for the walls 8 on the succeeding slide mould machine 54, to follow, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the machine 54 for the forming of the objects 7 and the walls 39, respectively may be provided with jets 47 (not shown) connected to a water conduit for spraying water onto the slope 56 of the concrete mass 3 flowing out of the container 1 of the machine 54.
  • jets 47 not shown
  • a water conduit for spraying water onto the slope 56 of the concrete mass 3 flowing out of the container 1 of the machine 54 In such a case there is obtained an enrichment of water in the concrete mass near the upper surface of the slab 38 formed, i.e. on the upper surface of the upward longitudinal portions 53 of the bottom slab.
  • the sidewalls 8 and the slides 9 there is obtained an equalizing of the water content in the concrete object formed.
  • edgewise arranged concrete walls 39 are to be provided with a reinforcement at the lower border, it is advantageous by such a water spraying of the concrete mass 3 at the front end of the machine that a good embedding of the concrete mass is ensured around the reinforcement irons during the subsequent vibration.
  • the slide mould machines 40 and 54 may be constructively modified in many ways within the scope of the inventive idea.
  • the machines 40 and 54 may be alternatively moved, instead of on running wheels 5 or carried along longitudinal beams or rails mounted in the ceiling of the room where the slide moulding is carried out.
  • the assembly according to the invention may be used for the manufacture of beams having L- or T-shaped cross section instead of being grooved or U-shaped, and in such a case one single longitudinal wall 39 is cast on the bottom slab 38.
  • reinforcement irons In case there should be desired or needed, at the upper border of the walls 39, two reinforcement irons parallel to each other, it might be advisable to dispose, in the opening 2 of the container 1, two of the rotatable screws 23 having the axial bore 27.
  • the reinforcement irons may be provided, instead of through a bore in the screw or instead of using any screws, by being inserted through or guided down into the mould by means of one or several plain tubes; inclining obliquely downwards and rearwards, and water may be fed to the mouth of said tubes.
  • the neck in the passage from the broader part and the narrower part of the beam, the neck must be brought to incline rearwards and downwards under the slide 9 as shown in FIG. 1. Due to the use of a feeding screw 23 and the rearward inclination of the part of the mould formed by the neck, there is obtained a beam without fissures.
  • a method for the manufacture of elongated and in particular rather thin and edgewise arranged reinforced objects made from a fluid concrete mixture by means of a slidable moulding assembly comprising: feeding a fluid but relatively stiff concrete mass from a continuously advancing container (1) down from above generally vertically onto a bed below said container; laterally supporting and initially forming said mass while mainly and initially compressing it in a lateral direction into a relatively rigid layer having generally mutually parallel longitudinal borders, supplementally compressing and smoothing the upper surface of said layer by means of a subsequent compression in vertical direction while still laterally supporting same; and inserting a reinforcement iron (28) at the upper border of the object through an axial bore (27) in a sleeve guide (23) carried by and during the advancement of said container (1); said iron being fed longitudinally from above the level of the final upper surface of the object being moulded and the iron inserting occurs after the initial main compressing to preclude by said subsequent compacting an moulded object to thereby facilitate a compacting of said concrete mass around the reinforcing iron and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
US738276A 1967-06-29 1968-06-19 Method for the manufacture of elongated objects of concrete Expired - Lifetime US3608012A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9602/67*A SE322720B (fi) 1967-06-29 1967-06-29

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US (1) US3608012A (fi)
BE (1) BE717413A (fi)
CH (1) CH480927A (fi)
DE (1) DE1759903A1 (fi)
DK (1) DK121848B (fi)
FI (1) FI49251C (fi)
FR (1) FR1575956A (fi)
GB (1) GB1225518A (fi)
NL (1) NL6809123A (fi)
NO (1) NO119671B (fi)
SE (1) SE322720B (fi)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3906069A (en) * 1970-12-15 1975-09-16 Nilcon Ab Ing Firman Method for the manufacture of elongate concrete building blocks
US3922124A (en) * 1971-08-12 1975-11-25 Georg Bjorhaag Sliding mould for concrete piles including slipform and rollers
US3926541A (en) * 1970-06-29 1975-12-16 Frederick M Hewitt Extruder with interacting auger and care means
US3994639A (en) * 1973-01-11 1976-11-30 Hewitt Frederick M Apparatus for extruding concrete
US4379729A (en) * 1979-08-09 1983-04-12 Tarmac Industrial Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for the production of composite sheet material and a sheet material produced thereby
US4477300A (en) * 1982-04-30 1984-10-16 Bpb Industries Public Limited Company Cementitious board manufacture
US4642042A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-02-10 International Fuel Cells Corporation Apparatus for making composite sheets
US4668447A (en) * 1984-04-24 1987-05-26 Oy Partek Ab Method and device for the casting of concrete products
US5618476A (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-04-08 Mogel; Richard L. Process for slip form production of prestressed concrete railroad ties
EP1332851A2 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-06 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Method and apparatus for casting a concrete product
EP1636004A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2006-03-22 X-TEC Oy Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing a concrete product
US20170129153A1 (en) * 2014-06-27 2017-05-11 Fimatec Finnish Intelligent Module Apartments Oy An Apparatus and a Method for Constructing a Construction Element or a Building
CN107253267A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-10-17 宁波北新建材有限公司 一种混合机干料给料装置
US10759086B2 (en) 2016-11-14 2020-09-01 Elematic Oyj Method and apparatus for casting prefabricated concrete products

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1552214A (en) * 1975-07-23 1979-09-12 Ici Ltd Production of fibrecontaining articles
FI64072C (fi) * 1981-11-10 1983-10-10 Partek Ab Foerfarande foer kontinuerlig gjutning av foeremaol av styv gjtmassa och glidgjutningsform foer genomfoerande av foerfa radet
DE3585007D1 (de) * 1984-08-24 1992-02-06 Lohja Parma Eng Lpe Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von hohlplatten und sonstigen bauelementen vorzugsweise aus beton.
DE4022364A1 (de) * 1990-07-13 1992-01-23 Roth Technik Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von stahlbetontraegern sowie gleitfertiger zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens und damit hergestellte stahlbetontraeger
TW201033443A (en) * 2008-11-17 2010-09-16 Peter Hermann Schmalfuss Precast concrete panel and method for making the precast concrete panel
CN115431398B (zh) * 2021-06-04 2024-06-07 周兆弟 预制桩墙制备工艺及预制桩墙

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3926541A (en) * 1970-06-29 1975-12-16 Frederick M Hewitt Extruder with interacting auger and care means
US3906069A (en) * 1970-12-15 1975-09-16 Nilcon Ab Ing Firman Method for the manufacture of elongate concrete building blocks
US3922124A (en) * 1971-08-12 1975-11-25 Georg Bjorhaag Sliding mould for concrete piles including slipform and rollers
US3994639A (en) * 1973-01-11 1976-11-30 Hewitt Frederick M Apparatus for extruding concrete
US4379729A (en) * 1979-08-09 1983-04-12 Tarmac Industrial Holdings Limited Method and apparatus for the production of composite sheet material and a sheet material produced thereby
US4477300A (en) * 1982-04-30 1984-10-16 Bpb Industries Public Limited Company Cementitious board manufacture
US4668447A (en) * 1984-04-24 1987-05-26 Oy Partek Ab Method and device for the casting of concrete products
US4642042A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-02-10 International Fuel Cells Corporation Apparatus for making composite sheets
US5618476A (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-04-08 Mogel; Richard L. Process for slip form production of prestressed concrete railroad ties
EP1332851A2 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-06 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Method and apparatus for casting a concrete product
US20030151153A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-14 Jarvinen Lassi Antero Method and apparatus for casting a concrete product
EP1332851A3 (en) * 2002-02-01 2005-01-26 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Method and apparatus for casting a concrete product
US6878315B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2005-04-12 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Method and apparatus for casting a concrete product
EP1636004A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2006-03-22 X-TEC Oy Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing a concrete product
US20070138703A1 (en) * 2003-05-15 2007-06-21 Paavo Ojanen Method and apparatus for manufacturing a concrete product
US20170129153A1 (en) * 2014-06-27 2017-05-11 Fimatec Finnish Intelligent Module Apartments Oy An Apparatus and a Method for Constructing a Construction Element or a Building
EP3160702A4 (en) * 2014-06-27 2018-02-28 Fimatec Finnish Intelligent Module Apartments OY An apparatus and a method for constructing a construction element or a building
US10759086B2 (en) 2016-11-14 2020-09-01 Elematic Oyj Method and apparatus for casting prefabricated concrete products
CN107253267A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-10-17 宁波北新建材有限公司 一种混合机干料给料装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE717413A (fi) 1968-12-02
GB1225518A (fi) 1971-03-17
FI49251C (fi) 1975-05-12
SE322720B (fi) 1970-04-13
NO119671B (fi) 1970-06-15
NL6809123A (fi) 1968-12-30
DE1759903A1 (de) 1971-07-15
CH480927A (de) 1969-11-15
DK121848B (da) 1971-12-06
FI49251B (fi) 1975-01-31
FR1575956A (fi) 1969-07-25

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