Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
  • E01C11/16—Reinforcements
  • E01C11/165—Reinforcements particularly for bituminous or rubber- or plastic-bound pavings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch

Definitions

• This invention relates to the manufacture of bituminous products reinforced with synthetic fibrous materials and particularly to a process for reinforcing bitumen-containing materials with synthetic fibrous materials by using certain auxiliary materials to substantially improve the adhesion between the bitumen and fibrous materials and to the reinforced products obtained thereby.
• This invention therefore contemplates a process for producing fiber-reinforced bitumen-containing products in which bitumen-containing materials, e.g., layers, plates, coatings, and the like masses, are reinforced with fibrous materials containing synthetic linear polycondensation products, and the adhesion between the bitumen and the fibrous materials waxes e.g., enhanced by the presence of an auxiliary substance comprising a resinous material that has a softening point between 50 and 160 C., is miscible with bitumen, and in the above-noted condition, acts as a wetting agent on the fibrous materials of the polycondensation products.
• bitumen-containing materials e.g., layers, plates, coatings, and the like masses
• this invention is directed to a process for reinforcing bitumen-containing materials by contacting a fibrous reinforcing material containing synthetic linear polycondensation products with a heated, flowable bitumencontaining material, by solidifying the bitumen onto the fibrous material, and by providing, as the auxiliary substance an acid-type resin derived from coniferous wood, such as tall resin, on the contact surfaces between the fibrous reinforcing material and the bitumen at the moment the bitumen solidifies.
• this invention is concerned with the fiber-reinforced, bitumen-containing product obtained by the above-described processes.
• This product comprises a bitumen-containing material adhesively bonded to a synthetic fibrous reinforcing material in the presence of a resin, e.g., tall resin, that exhibits the heretofore described properties necessary for insuring improved adhesion between the fibrous material and the bitumen.
• a resin e.g., tall resin
• bitumen includes products which in the English technical literature are officially referred to as asphaltic bitumen” or bitumen as defined on page 549 of The Petroleum Handbook published in 1948 by The Shell Petroleum Company, Limited.
• bitumen includes asphaltlike hydrocarbons such as asphalt, asphaltites, asphaltic pyrobitumens, mineral tars, mineral waxes e.g., ozokerite and the like, which may be hard and brittle, or semisolid substances.
• asphalt or asphaltic as used herein are to include the meaning set forth on the above-noted page 5 49 of The Petroleum Handbook.
• the products obtained by this invention include those bituminous structures having one or more layers, coatings, coverings, sheets and the like bitumencontaining materials which are bonded to a substrate of a bitumen base material in which a fibrous material, e.g., a synthetic fibrillary product, forms a reinforcement for the layer of bitumen or for the bitumen base material or for both.
• a fibrous material e.g., a synthetic fibrillary product
• bitumen layer used to produce the reinforced products of this invention may further be mixed with organic materials such as wood flour, cork flour and the like, and may also include inorganic fillers having a particle size smaller than about 200 mesh.
• the linear polycondensation products suitable for purposes of this invention include fiber-forming materials such as the polyamides prepared from lactams, e.g., caprolactam, and the polyamides prepared from diamines and dicarboxylic acids, e.g., hcxamethylene diamine and adipic acid, the polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid or the ester-forming derivatives thereof, and glycols, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate and the like, Also, it will be understood that the terms polyamides and polyesters include not only. homopolymers, but also copolymers.
• the fibrous materials useful as reinforcing materials include twisted or untwisted continuous multifilament yarns, monofilaments, spun yarns, threads and staple fibers. ln the process according to the invention, the fibrous material may be used in a loose form, more particularly in the form of individual fibers. When such fibers are used, they may be mixed with the bitumen or asphalt before the mass is made into a coating or covering layer; for instance, on roads or dykes, tile plates and the like. Threads and fibers may be used in the form of woven or knitted fabrics or bonded or nonbonded fiber sheets; preferably, woven fabrics made from continuous filament yarns are used.
• the fibrous materials e.g., threads and fibers, used as reinforcing materials may consist entirely of synthetic linear polycondensation products such as polyamides and/or polyesters, or be mixed with threads and like fibrous materials made from a different material, for instance, glass, cotton or regenerated cellulose.
• the nature of the product to be reinforced determines the denier of the yarn to be applied and the density of the yarns in the textile product.
• multifilament yarns based on synthetic linear polycondensation products and having a relatively high denier (for instance, 1,000 or higher), and a filament denier of 3 or more.
• the yarns to be used may be composed of yarns of a lower denier which are twisted together.
• auxiliary substance to obtain improvement of the adhesion between the fibrous material and the bitumen may be carried out in various ways. It is essential that the moment the bitumen or the asphaltsolidifies, the auxiliary substance, e.g., tall resin, should be present on the contact surfaces between the fibrous materials, e.g., threads, and the bitumen-containing substance or mixture of substances.
• this may be achieved by various methods; for instance, by adding the resin to the bitumen or to the asphalt mass or by first coating the reinforcing threads with the resin.
• an acid-type resin derived from coniferous wood such as tall resin is particularly effective as an auxiliary material for increasing the adhesion between a bitumen-containing layer or base material and the synthetic fibrous reinforcing material.
• the resin must be of the type that is miscible with bitumen, has a softening point between 50 and 160 C. and will act, in the molten condition, as a wetting agent on threads of the synthetic polycondensation products. In this manner, the resin promotes the flow of the bitumen into intimate contact with the fibrous reinforcing material whereby the adhesion therebetween is substantially improved, i.e., increased.
• the tall resin used is the resin acid fraction of tall oil. This resin may be extracted from tall oil by fractional distillation. Tall oil itself is a byproduct in the preparation of sulfate pulp from pine wood.
• tall resin as used herein is also meant to include tall resin mixtures which still retain the adhesion-improving effeet of the tall resin. In general, such mixtures contain percent by weight or more of the tall resin. This percentage is highly dependent on the nature of the mixture. When bitumen is used to form the mixture the tall resin will in general have to be used in the mixture in an amount of more than 50 percent by weight.
• tall resin slightly vary with the source. In general, its softening point is about 73C.
• an amount of unmixed tall resin should be provided on the reinforcing fibrous material, e.g., threads.
• the unmixed tall resin is preferably used in an amount of at least 30 percent, calculated on the weight of the threads. Provision of the resin on the threads may best be carried out by impregnating or spraying the threads with a solution or dispersion; for instance, an aqueous dispersion of the tall resin.
• Suitable solvents for the tall resin are trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene.
• the resin solution may be sufficiently fluid, it is preferred to use solutions of tall resin in trichloroethylene which contain one part by weighty of trichloroethylene to one part by weight of tall resin.
• the application of the resin to the fibrous material may take place in various processing stages, namely before or after being processed into woven fabrics, in which form the reinforcing threads are (as mentioned before) preferably used.
• the solvent or dispersant must be removed, for instance, by evaporation.
• the solvent which is preferably trichloroethylene, may be removed completely, but preferably the drying process is so carried out that a few percent of the solvent is left in the resin. This prevents brittleness and stops the resin from cracking off the threads.
• reinforcing threads may be sprinkled with the pure tall resin or with a mineral carrier to which the resin is applied by impregnation or coating.
• the properties of the tall resin used were:
• the properties of the montan resin used were:
• Each of the yarns had been obtained by twisting together at 45 turns Z per meter three 1,000 denier polyethylene terephthalate yarns made up of l92 filaments and having a singles twist of 70 turns S per meter.
• a top layer made by the same asphalt mass as described above was pressed on to the yarns and the tiles at l45 15C.
• the tiles thus obtained were cooled down, after which 4 cm. were sawed off at the sides transverse to the direction of the yarn.
• the sawed blocks were mounted in an Instron tensile tester of the type C.R.E. (Constant Rate of Elongation), after which a tensile force was applied to the thread ends.
• the rate of pulling was 2 cm. per minute.
• This maximum tension is a measure of the adhesion of the yarns to the asphalt.
• EXAMPLE ll in the manufacture of a reinforced road surface based on asphalt, there was formed on a sublayer of mechanically compacted sand a foundation layer, which was rolled to a thickness of 7 cm.
• a foundation layer In preparing the foundation layer, use was made of a mixture of gravel, sand, a low-grade filler and asphalt bitumen 80/100.
• the mineral mixture in the asphalt was composed as follows:
• the amount of asphalt bitumen was 5.5 percent by weight of the mineral mixture.
• an adhesive layer of an anionic 50 percent asphalt emulsion was provided, over which there was unrolled a fabric to which 40 percent by weight of tall resin (based on the weight of the fabric) had been applied.
• the fabric which was made essentially of polyethylene terephthalate, and was of the plain weave type, showed four weft threads and four warp threads per centimeter.
• the weft and warp yarns each consisted of two draw-twisted 1,000-denier yarns (210 filaments) which had been twisted together to 70 turns Z. The residual shrinkage of the yarns was 8-9 percent.
• the fabric was stretched in the longitudinal and transverse directions and pinned down. An asphalt emulsion of the above-mentioned composition was sprayed onto the fabric, the amount of the asphalt emulsion provided on top of the fabric being twice as much as that present under the fabric.
• the amount of asphalt bitumen 80/100 was 5.5 percent by weight of the mineral mixture.
• an asphalt emulsion which formed an adhesive layer, on which a second fabric was provided, which was identical with that described above and which was covered with a 50 percent asphalt emulsion.
• the asphalt bitumen 80/100 was used in an amount of 7.2 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of the mineral mixture.
• the asphalt was worked up at a temperature of l50i5 C.
• the vehicles bringing up the road materials may run over the fabric instead of the metal strips conventionally used.
• the adhesion between the fabric and the resin is sufficient to withstand the strain.
• a process for producing fiber-reinforced, bitumen-containing products which comprises treating a fibrous material consisting essentially of fiber-forming synthetic linear polycondensation products selected from the group consisting of polyamides and polyesters, with a tall resin that is the resin acid fraction of tall oil, and that has a softening point between 50 and C., is miscible with bitumen and in the molten condition acts as a wetting agent on the fibrous material; and reinforcing a bitumen-containing material with the treated fibrous material, said tall resin substantially enhancing the adhesion between the reinforcing fibrous material and the bitumen in said bitumen-containing material.
• bitumen-containing material is reinforced by contacting the bitumen-containing material in a flowable and heated condition with the treated fibrous material, and then solidifying the bitumen-containing material while in contact with the fibrous material.
• a fiber-reinforced bitumen-containing product obtained from the process of claim 1.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19800574

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 1967
  • 1967-06-29 NL NL6709049A patent/NL6709049A/xx unknown
• 1968
  • 1968-06-21 US US738815A patent/US3607513A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1968-06-27 FR FR1571148D patent/FR1571148A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1968-06-28 GB GB31077/68A patent/GB1179376A/en not_active Expired
  • 1968-08-28 ES ES355609A patent/ES355609A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1968-09-26 DE DE19681769671 patent/DE1769671A1/de active Pending

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