US3601971A - Textile - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3601971A
US3601971A US815357A US3601971DA US3601971A US 3601971 A US3601971 A US 3601971A US 815357 A US815357 A US 815357A US 3601971D A US3601971D A US 3601971DA US 3601971 A US3601971 A US 3601971A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ribbon
filament
elongation
article
manufacture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US815357A
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English (en)
Inventor
George Waterhouse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ernest Scragg and Sons Ltd
Original Assignee
Ernest Scragg and Sons Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ernest Scragg and Sons Ltd filed Critical Ernest Scragg and Sons Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3601971A publication Critical patent/US3601971A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/02—Fastening rails, tie-plates, or chairs directly on sleepers or foundations; Means therefor
    • E01B9/32—Fastening on steel sleepers with clamp members
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/42—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments
    • D01D5/423—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments by fibrillation of films or filaments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/907—Foamed and/or fibrillated

Definitions

  • a filament is made by curling a ribbon of suitable material transversely of its elongation, and drawing the curled ribbon. The resulting filament has a cross section resembling a tight spiral and may be hollow or solid. Thermoplastics may be used as the ribbon material. An apparatus 1 and a method are disclosed for making this filament.
  • This invention relates to filaments and methods and apparatus for making them.
  • TEXTILE comprises a method for making a filament in which a curled ribbon is stretched so that it curls upon itself and its cross section becomes a tight spiral.
  • a curled ribbon is meant a ribbon which has been twisted or formed, in cross section, into an arc, or preferably, into a helical configuration.
  • the ribbon may be of drawable material such as a polyester or polyamide, such material being stretched beyond its elastic limit but short of its yield point.
  • At least one edge of the ribbon may be notched, slit transversely or otherwise rendered irregular as by having an edge of nonuniform thickness, or an embossed edge so that, on stretching and twisting to leave that edge on the outside of the spiral, branches are formed which protrude from the main trunk of the filament.
  • a composite ribbon may be. used, in which the edge may also have an extra layer or a reduced thickness of the same or dissimilar material, so that fibrillation of the edge occurs on stretching or on further twisting after stretching.
  • the ribbon may be heated whilst being twisted and/or stretched.
  • the ribbon which may initially contain no twist, may be unwound from a bobbin using a ring and traveller of high mass, so that some drawing takes place at the unwinding stage.
  • the twisted and partially drawn ribbon may pass through a conical heater whilst ballooning from the ring. After leaving the conical heater, the ribbon may undergo further hot or cold drawing.
  • theribbon After stretching and twisting, theribbon may be fused.
  • the invention also comprises a filament hen made by a method as outlined above.
  • Such a filament may have a cross section which is a tight spiral which can be unwound into a ribbon.
  • the edges of the ribbon on the inside and outside of the spiral may lie on helices.
  • a solid or hollow filament, produced from such a filament by fusing may be of substantially cylindrical form, having at least one helically disposed rib.
  • a filament may also be produced having a trunk and protruding branches following a helical course around the trunk.
  • the invention also comprises apparatus for making a filament from a ribbon, comprising a ring and traveller for unwinding ribbon from a supply package and a heater into which the ballooning ribbon is guided from the ring.
  • the heater may be conical.
  • the traveller is preferably heavy so that some drawing of the ribbon takes place in theballoon.
  • the apparatus may comprise a hot or cold drawing stage after the heater.
  • FIG. l is a perspective view of a short length of one filament
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view of another filament
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows a filament formed by stretching and twisting a ribbon of polyester or polyamide.
  • the ribbon was, originally, about 0.5-inch wide by 0.0l-inch thick, and was initially curled by twisting 2 or 3 turns per inch. The stretching was such that the elastic limit of the material was exceeded, but
  • FIG. 2 shows a filament made in similar fashion to that shown in MG. 11, but one edge which has been left on the outside of the filament during the stretching and twisting, has been transversely slit beforehand. The result is a series of branches protruding from the main trunk of the filament, and disposed helically around it. The inside and outside edges of the ribbon in fact lie on helices.
  • the said one edge is slit, it can be notched or otherwise rendered irregular, as by being extruded with a nonuniform thickness or by being embossed. Otherwise the ribbon can be extruded with an extra or a reduced thickness of the same or a different material at one edge, so that fibrillation occurs on stretching or on further twisting.
  • the main trunk of the filament constitutes a load-bearing structure, while the protruding branches can be designed to give covering power or surface quality when the filaments or a yarn made from them are woven or knitted.
  • a suitable ribbon for giving a line filament would initially be 0.125-inch wide and 0.00 1 -inch thick.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates apparatus for making filaments from ribbon, in which ribbon 112 is unwound from a bobbin 1? by a ring and traveller.
  • the bobbin 13 is a double flange bobbin (for ease of winding) from which, when wound, one flange is removed to facilitate unwinding.
  • the traveller 14 is of substantial mass (between 1.5 and 5 grams for 0.125-inch by 0.00l-inch ribbon) so that some drawing (up to a ratio of 4: 1) takes place in the balloon.
  • a conical heater 15 is arranged above the bobbin 13 so that the ballooning ribbon can be drawn through it by feed rollers 16. Beyond the feed rollers 16 is a further hot or cold drawing stage 17 followed by a windup.
  • Heater temperature for polypropylene tape is between C. and 130 C. A satisfactory draw is between 100 C. with a 5 gram traveller and at C. with a 1.5 gram traveller.
  • a filament so produced may be fused by heat or solvent action so that it becomes of solid or hollow substantially cylindrical form having a helically disposed external rib, and, if hollow, also an internal rib. It is possible to arrange by selection of the tape dimensions and twist that an internal rib is out of phase with an external rib.
  • a method of making a filament comprising the initial step of making from a predetermined material an elongated ribbon having two marginal portions one of which is to be exposed at the exterior of a filament to be made from said ribbon; the intermediate step of notching said one marginal portion of said ribbon so as to render said one marginal portion irregular; and the subsequent step of stretching said ribbon longitudinally and twisting it transversely of its elongation so as to cause said ribbon to curl upon itself in direction transversely of its elongation to thereby obtain an elongated filament whose cross section resembles a tight spiral with concomitant conversion of the irregularities of said one marginal portion into branches which protrude from the exterior of said filament.
  • a method of making a filament comprising the initial step of making from a predetermined material an elongated ribbon having two marginal portions one: of which is to be exposed at the exterior of a filament to be made from said ribbon; the intermediate step of rendering at least said one marginal portion irregular by slitting it transversely of the elongation of said ribbon; and the subsequent step of stretching said ribbonlongitudinally and twisting it transversely of its elongation so as to cause said ribbon to curl upon itself in direction transversely of its elongation to thereby obtain an elongated filament whose cross section resembles a tight spiral with concomitant conversion of the irrgularities of said one marginal portion into branches which protrude from the exterior of said filament.
  • a method of making a filament comprising the steps of making an elongated ribbon from a predetermined material and accommodating the ribbon on a supply bobbin; unwinding said ribbon from said supply bobbin and effecting at least some initial stretching during such unwinding; and stretching said ribbon longitudinally and twisting it transversely of its elongation so as to cause said ribbon to curl upon itself in direction transversely of its elongation to thereby obtain an elongated filament whose cross section resembles a tight spiral.
  • said subsequent step comprises initial twisting of said ribbon about its longitudinal axis to a helical cross-sectional configuration, and thereupon stretching in longitudinal direction.
  • a filament composed of an elongated ribbon which is stretched and curled upon itself in direction transversely to its elongation so as to have a cross section resembling a tight spiral, said filament having a trunk and a plurality of branches projecting from said trunk exteriorly thereof and being disposed on a line which helically surrounds said trunk.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US815357A 1968-04-16 1969-04-11 Textile Expired - Lifetime US3601971A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1780968 1968-04-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3601971A true US3601971A (en) 1971-08-31

Family

ID=10101616

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US815357A Expired - Lifetime US3601971A (en) 1968-04-16 1969-04-11 Textile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3601971A (de)
BE (1) BE731540A (de)
CH (1) CH490518A (de)
DE (1) DE1916908A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2006272A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6905735A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5462778A (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-10-31 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Artificial turf, pile yarn for artificial turf and process and spinneret for producing pile yarn
WO2010040711A2 (en) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Polyolefin fiber

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2336100A (en) * 1937-11-04 1943-12-07 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process of producing twists of organic thermoplastic material
US2545869A (en) * 1948-02-17 1951-03-20 Plax Corp Multiple fiber strand
US2900782A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-08-25 Bobkowicz Emilian Universal spinning unit
US2918784A (en) * 1957-04-26 1959-12-29 Dow Chemical Co Twisting film strips to yarn
US3017686A (en) * 1957-08-01 1962-01-23 Du Pont Two component convoluted filaments
US3126699A (en) * 1962-10-09 1964-03-31 Process for preparing
US3376698A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-04-09 Tmm Research Ltd Production of stretch or bulked textile yarns
US3381460A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-05-07 Kimberly Clark Co Method and apparatus for producing twisted paper yarn

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2336100A (en) * 1937-11-04 1943-12-07 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process of producing twists of organic thermoplastic material
US2545869A (en) * 1948-02-17 1951-03-20 Plax Corp Multiple fiber strand
US2918784A (en) * 1957-04-26 1959-12-29 Dow Chemical Co Twisting film strips to yarn
US2900782A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-08-25 Bobkowicz Emilian Universal spinning unit
US3017686A (en) * 1957-08-01 1962-01-23 Du Pont Two component convoluted filaments
US3126699A (en) * 1962-10-09 1964-03-31 Process for preparing
US3376698A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-04-09 Tmm Research Ltd Production of stretch or bulked textile yarns
US3381460A (en) * 1966-11-14 1968-05-07 Kimberly Clark Co Method and apparatus for producing twisted paper yarn

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5462778A (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-10-31 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Artificial turf, pile yarn for artificial turf and process and spinneret for producing pile yarn
WO2010040711A2 (en) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Polyolefin fiber
WO2010040711A3 (en) * 2008-10-07 2010-06-03 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Polyolefin fiber
US20110173874A1 (en) * 2008-10-07 2011-07-21 Roelof Marissen Polyolefin fiber
JP2012505316A (ja) * 2008-10-07 2012-03-01 ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ． ポリオレフィン繊維
US8578693B2 (en) 2008-10-07 2013-11-12 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Polyolefin fiber
CN102177284B (zh) * 2008-10-07 2014-06-11 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 聚烯烃纤维

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH490518A (de) 1970-05-15
NL6905735A (de) 1969-10-20
DE1916908A1 (de) 1970-02-19
BE731540A (de) 1969-09-15
FR2006272A1 (de) 1969-12-26

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