US3599645A - Treatment of tobacco to reduce polyphenol content - Google Patents

Treatment of tobacco to reduce polyphenol content Download PDF

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Publication number
US3599645A
US3599645A US808146A US3599645DA US3599645A US 3599645 A US3599645 A US 3599645A US 808146 A US808146 A US 808146A US 3599645D A US3599645D A US 3599645DA US 3599645 A US3599645 A US 3599645A
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Prior art keywords
tobacco
oxidative browning
water
curing
percent
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US808146A
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English (en)
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William H Johnson
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RESEARCH Corp TECHNOLOGIES Inc A NONPROFIT CORP OF DE
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Research Corp
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Assigned to RESEARCH CORPORATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A NONPROFIT CORP. OF DE. reassignment RESEARCH CORPORATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A NONPROFIT CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RESEARCH CORPORATION, A NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP. OF NY.
Assigned to UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, THE, (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY) reassignment UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, THE, (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RESEARCH CORPORATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A NON-PROFIT CORP. OF DE.
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment

Definitions

  • the polyphenol content of tobacco is reduced with minimal effect F. the desired characteristics of the final tobacco which has been moistened by contact with water or water vapor so that the moisture content of the said tobacco is at least percent and is product by subjecting tobacco which has been moistened by contact with water or water vapor so that the moisture content of the said tobacco is at least 70 percent and is in the yellowed state to a short term of heating between about and about F. to initiate oxidative browning and thereafter holding the tobacco at a temperature between about 70 and about 1 10 F. until a major portion of the polyphenol content thereof is enzymatically oxidized.
  • the heating may be effected by infrared radiation or by contacting the tobacco with hot gases or hot water.
  • the tobacco may be treated either in whole leaf or in shredded form.
  • FIG. 2 I I I l J 5 IO I5 20 25 TIME (SECONDS) FIG. 2
  • FIG. 3 WILLIAM H. JOHNSON BY M ATTOR NEYK TREATMENT OF TOBACCO To REDUCE POLYPHENOL CONTENT
  • the invention relates to a method whereby the polyphenol compound content of tobacco may be substantially reduced.
  • the total phenol content of tobacco has been identified as an important contributor to tumorigenic activity of smoke condensate or to cilia toxicity of tobacco smoke.
  • polyphenols such as chlorogenic acid
  • present in tobacco have been identified as specific precursors of phenols and occur to levels of 6 to 7 percent of total weight.
  • the present invention provides a method whereby polyphenol compounds may be systematically reduced by amounts up to 85 percent of that originally present.
  • the object of the invention is accomplished by subjecting tobacco in the yellowed state during curing to a short term of heating at a temperature between about 140 and about 180 F. to initiate oxidative browning and thereafter holding the tobacco at a temperature between about 70 and about 1 10 F. until a major portion of the polyphenol content thereof is enzymatically oxidized.
  • FIG. 1 is a generalized flow sheet of the method of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of the oxidative browning initiating heat treatment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an illustrative form of apparatus suitable for carrying out the oxidative browning initiating heat treatment of the invention.
  • the tobacco, after harvest, is yellowed (1, FIG. 1) under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, for example at 85 tol05 F. at 85 to 95 percent relative humidity during a period of about 24 to 72 hours, depending on maturity, leaf position on the stalk and the like.
  • controlled temperature and humidity conditions for example at 85 tol05 F. at 85 to 95 percent relative humidity during a period of about 24 to 72 hours, depending on maturity, leaf position on the stalk and the like.
  • major chemical reactions of the curing process have occurred such as starch hydrolysis, proteolysis and chlorophyll oxidation, and the leaf has a yellow color.
  • the yellow leaf is then turgor conditioned (2, FIG. 1) to a moisture content of 70 to 85 percent (wet basis) by passin'g air at a relatively humidity of 95-100 percent over the whole or the shredded leaf or by immersing the tobacco in water.
  • the latter is particularly effective and rapid if the tobacco is in the shredded state and requires no more than 3--5 hours.
  • the conditioned tobacco is then rapidly heated (3', FIG. 1). to a temperature in the range from about 140 to about 180 F.
  • the time of heating being longer at the lower temperatures.
  • the tobacco is heated to 180 F. in about 15 seconds and held at l 80 for about 5 seconds when it is rapidly cooled to about 75 F..At 160 F. the time at temperature should be about 10 seconds; while at 140 F., 15 to 20 seconds at temperature is desirable.
  • ln 'gene' ralfbptimal results are obtained by the shorter time of heating in the neighborhood of 180 F. J j
  • the tobacco is then quickly cooled to a temperature in the range from about 70 to about 110 F. where it is held for about 30 minutes (4, FIG. 1) for substantial completion (up to 85 percent or more) of the polyphenol oxidation reactions.
  • the thermal treatment for initiation of polyphenol oxidation can be effected by passing hot air through or over the tobacco, by irradiating thetobacco with infrared heat or by immersing the tobacco in hot water.
  • Treatment with hot water is particularly effective in obtaining rapid and closely controllable heat treatment.
  • a suitable heating apparatus is shown in FIG. 3 wherein an immersion tank 10 is provided with a hot water inlet 11 and outlet 12.
  • the tobacco 13 to be treated in whole leaf or shredded form, is passed through the body of water in the tank at the desired rate by means of conveyor 14 in cooperation with hold down flight 15.
  • the tobacco leaving the tank is quickly cooled to the temperature for carrying out the polyphenol oxidation reactions by the evaporative cooling action of a stream of air from conduit 16.
  • the tobacco is dried (5, FIG. 1) by heated air circulated on, over or through the tobacco or by freeze-drying the tobacco by the methods described in my application Ser. No. 707,064, filed Feb. 21, 1968.
  • the tobacco is reconditioned (6, FIG. 1) to safe handling moisture levels of about 12-20 percent (wet basis), for example, with humidified air at 70 F.
  • shredding of the leaf tobacco may be carried out before or after any stage in the treating process.
  • Oxidation of polyphenols, and particularly odiphenols, is associated or occurs simultaneously with oxidative browning, which is initiated at elevated temperatures.
  • the oxidation product of polyphenol oxidation contains protein and iron to give a high molecular weight compound.
  • denaturation and protoplasmic coagulation occur rapidly. It is considered that structural modifications occur in cytoplasmic membranes at these temperatures which permit commingling of oxidative enzymes, substrates and oxygen within the cell. This irreversible change in cytoplasmic membranes allows freer and more rapid movement of reactants for oxidative browning, including polyphenol oxidation.
  • a method of curing tobacco which comprises bringing tobacco in the yellowed state to a moisture content of at least 70 percent by contacting'the tobacco with a material consisting of water or water vapor, subjecting the thereby turgor conditioned tobacco to a temperature of from about 140 to about l80 F. for from about 5 to about 20 seconds to initiate oxidative browning with concurrent polyphenol oxidation and thereafter holding the tobacco at a temperature of from about to about'l 10 F. for from about 5 to about 30 minutes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
US808146A 1969-03-18 1969-03-18 Treatment of tobacco to reduce polyphenol content Expired - Lifetime US3599645A (en)

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US80814669A 1969-03-18 1969-03-18

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US3599645A true US3599645A (en) 1971-08-17

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US (1) US3599645A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE747434A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2011967A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2039044A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1233878A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7003656A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE360005B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3845774A (en) * 1971-07-28 1974-11-05 T Tso Process for curing tobacco
US3927682A (en) * 1973-10-27 1975-12-23 Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Air-curing process of tobacco leaf
US3995646A (en) * 1974-03-04 1976-12-07 Debrunn Albert W Tobacco processing method
US4167191A (en) * 1977-09-27 1979-09-11 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco drying process
US4308876A (en) * 1979-02-16 1982-01-05 Airco, Inc. Methods and apparatus for expanding tobacco
US4448208A (en) * 1981-01-21 1984-05-15 Philip Morris Incorporated Tobacco extractor
US5826590A (en) * 1996-09-26 1998-10-27 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. Method and plant for treating tobacco stems for the production of cut tobacco
WO2000002464A1 (en) * 1998-07-08 2000-01-20 Novozymes A/S Use of a phenol oxidising enzyme in the treatment of tobacco
US6298859B1 (en) 1998-07-08 2001-10-09 Novozymes A/S Use of a phenol oxidizing enzyme in the treatment of tobacco

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2224833A (en) * 1935-10-03 1940-12-10 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process of influencing the color of tobacco leaves
US3223090A (en) * 1963-09-11 1965-12-14 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Reconstituted tobacco products and method of making same

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2224833A (en) * 1935-10-03 1940-12-10 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Process of influencing the color of tobacco leaves
US3223090A (en) * 1963-09-11 1965-12-14 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Reconstituted tobacco products and method of making same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Bulk Curing Of Bright Leaf Tobacco (pub.) Johnson, Henson, Hassler & Watkins from Tobacco Science Mar. 1960 p. 22 28 inc. *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3845774A (en) * 1971-07-28 1974-11-05 T Tso Process for curing tobacco
US3927682A (en) * 1973-10-27 1975-12-23 Japan Tobacco & Salt Public Air-curing process of tobacco leaf
US3995646A (en) * 1974-03-04 1976-12-07 Debrunn Albert W Tobacco processing method
US4167191A (en) * 1977-09-27 1979-09-11 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco drying process
US4308876A (en) * 1979-02-16 1982-01-05 Airco, Inc. Methods and apparatus for expanding tobacco
US4448208A (en) * 1981-01-21 1984-05-15 Philip Morris Incorporated Tobacco extractor
US5826590A (en) * 1996-09-26 1998-10-27 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. Method and plant for treating tobacco stems for the production of cut tobacco
WO2000002464A1 (en) * 1998-07-08 2000-01-20 Novozymes A/S Use of a phenol oxidising enzyme in the treatment of tobacco
US6298859B1 (en) 1998-07-08 2001-10-09 Novozymes A/S Use of a phenol oxidizing enzyme in the treatment of tobacco
JP2002520005A (ja) * 1998-07-08 2002-07-09 ノボザイムス アクティーゼルスカブ タバコの処理におけるフェノール酸化酵素の利用
AU761885B2 (en) * 1998-07-08 2003-06-12 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Use of a phenol oxidising enzyme in the treatment of tobacco
JP2011010656A (ja) * 1998-07-08 2011-01-20 Novozyme As タバコの処理におけるフェノール酸化酵素の利用
JP2014057603A (ja) * 1998-07-08 2014-04-03 Novozyme As タバコの処理におけるフェノール酸化酵素の利用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE360005B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-17
DE2011967A1 (de) 1970-10-01
FR2039044A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-01-08
BE747434A (fr) 1970-08-31
NL7003656A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-22
GB1233878A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-06-03

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Owner name: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, THE, (NORTH CAROLINA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RESEARCH CORPORATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC., A NON-PROFIT CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:005437/0839

Effective date: 19891221

Owner name: RESEARCH CORPORATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC., 6840 EAST

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RESEARCH CORPORATION, A NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORP. OF NY.;REEL/FRAME:005437/0829

Effective date: 19891221