US3598258A - Apparatus for charging shaft-type furnaces - Google Patents

Apparatus for charging shaft-type furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3598258A
US3598258A US839951A US3598258DA US3598258A US 3598258 A US3598258 A US 3598258A US 839951 A US839951 A US 839951A US 3598258D A US3598258D A US 3598258DA US 3598258 A US3598258 A US 3598258A
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Prior art keywords
housing
flaps
charge
distributor
furnace
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Expired - Lifetime
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US839951A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Grewer
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Huettenwerk Oberhausen AG
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Huettenwerk Oberhausen AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for charging shaft-type furnaces and, more particularly, to a long-wearing charging apparatus of this character which is substantially unaffected by erosive action of the closure members sealing the apparatus against the throughflow of gases from the furnace.
  • Metallurgical reduction furnaces of the shaft or cupola type are increasingly employed at the present time for thereduction of metallurgical ores and especially for the conversion of iron ore into sponge iron or an iron melt.
  • Such furnaces generally make use of a rising stream of a metallurgical reduction of gas, consisting predominantly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is introduced at a lower portion of the furnace through blast pipes, tuyeres and the like.
  • the gas passes upwardly through the substantially porous charge while reacting with the metallurgical ore to reduce the latter and form water vapor and carbon dioxide.
  • the invention is particularly appropriate with so-called highpressure reduction furnaces of this character, i.e. furnaces in which the blast is supplied at high velocity and a pressure differential exists between the interior of the furnace and ambient pressure.
  • the apparatus for charging such a furnace must simultaneously preclude the escape of gases at elevated pressure from the shaft furnace, such gases being toxic, noxious and corrosive with respect to sealing charges of the furnace and the charging apparatusv Consequently, it has been the common practice in metallurgical reduction furnaces of this type, especially blast furnaces, high-pressure shaft furnaces and cupolas, to provide a doubleclosure arrangement at the upper or charging end ofthe furnace, i.e. in the form of so-called closure bells" arranged one above another and of conical configuration for engagement with respective seats to preclude the escape of gases.
  • closure bells perfomt a double function, namely, the sealing of the furnace, and the distribution of the freshly added charge over the cross section of the furnace and the previous charge bed formed therein.
  • Conveyor means, ducts or the like e.g. skip loaders and similar arrangements, can be used to carry the charge to the mouth of the housing for emptying into the furnace with the aid of the double-closure lock'formed by the bells.
  • closure members are provided in two vertically spaced horizontal planes and at least one of them is always closed to prevent a sudden drop in pressure within the furnace or an instantaneous flow of high-velocity gas therefrom.
  • the conical closure members tend to deposit the charge in a generally conical pile which leads to a concentration of the fines along the upper part of the cone while the coarse particles concentrate elsewhere, the pile being in the form of a ridge somewhere between the center of the furnace and the furnace wall. As the charge is increased and becomes compacted, a uniform penetration of the charge by the gas cannot occur.
  • pressure differentials are generally created across each of the closure members so that, as they are opened, the narrow gap formed between their respective seats and their sealing edges sustains a high-velocity flow of gas-entrained particles through this gap and across these edges, thereby multiplying the abrasive action and deterioration of the sealing arrangement.
  • the principal object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for the sealing and charging of shafttype furnaces, especially blast furnaces or high-pressure cupola furnaces, which will avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and operate more efiiciently than earlier furnaces of the same general character.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a sealing and charging apparatus for a shaft-type furnace which eliminates or reduces the escape of gas from the furnace and yet permits an improved distribution of charge increments in the furnace and upon any bed of previous charge which may be present therein.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a system for charging shaft-type furnaces while sealing the latter which is less prone to deterioration of the sealing edges of the closure members, provides greater security against the escape of gases and permits charging of the furnace with a more delicate charges, e.g. so-called green" pellets, without difficulty.
  • an apparatus for charging an upstanding shaft-type furnace which comprises a conveyor means for advancing the comminuted material or charge to the apparatus and a pair of upper and lower closure members adapted to bar the escape of gas and gas-entrained particles from the furnace.
  • That system was based on the discovery that, when the dispensing device, which receives the comminuted material from the conveyor and is located between the closure members, is a tiltable tray whose swinging axis extends parallel to the direction of movement of the conveyor so that the latter is displaceable in the direction of this horizontal axis, a uniform layer of comminuted material is deposited in the furnace without formation of a piling cone and with a substantially uniform thickness.
  • the conveyor means is a band-type conveyor which may be discontinuously operable in the cadence of the swinging movement of the tiltable distributing tray, while the closure members are horizontally shiftable gates lying in planes perpendicular to the axis of the furnace above and below the tiltable tray.
  • These linearly slidable horizontal gates which are displaceable between a chamber receiving each gate in the open condition thereof, and a position in which the gates spans the mouth of the furnace is capable of overcoming some of the substantial disadvantages of earlier systems whereby particle-entraining gases at high velocity form ridges, grooves and the like by mechanical erosion 'of the sealing edges of the closure members.
  • the gates may, as described earlier, be operated alternately in the cadence of displacement of the distributing tray.
  • a hydraulically pneumatic system is provided in which the slidable gates are shifted by piston and cylinder arrangements, while a further cylinder serves to displace the tiltable tray via a bellcrank lever. It has been found that this type of control system is particularly satisfactory for use when a number of tiltable trays are used in tandem with reversible conveyors or duct systems for delivering the charge to the apparatus.
  • the hooklike member which is upwardly converging and lies along a vertical median plane of the furnace, is disposed below the upper closure member and above the lower closure member while being provided with a swinging flap arrangement adapted to subdivide the interior of the housing of the charging apparatus into upper and lower compartments sealed from one another when the flaps are shifted into their closed" position.
  • the flaps according to the present invention cooperate with downwardly converging walls of the housing, which thereby constitutes a hopper structure, terminating in a mouth of reduced cross section closed by the lower sliding plate.
  • the housing may also diverge toward a mouth closed by the upper sliding plate.
  • the location of the charged distributor and flap seal arrangement intermediate the two gas lock gates has been found to significantly reduce the free fall height of the charge and in fact to substitute a free fall of the charge through the gas lock, a sliding and rolling feed of the charge into the furnace with a corresponding reduction in deterioration of green pellets and segregation of the particles of the charge into coarse and fine fractions. In fact, this action mixes the charge thoroughly so that instead of segregation or separation, there is a tendency toward a more homogeneous distribution of particles sizes in the layer of charge deposited in the furnace.
  • the distributing hood in the housing between the gates is of roof or coping shape, i.e. as a pair of downwardly diverging surfaces extending in the major dimension of the housing which may be rectangular in horizontal cross section, and meeting at an acute angle junction at the peak of this distributor.
  • the flaps, which extend along the sides of the roof-shaped distributor, are joumaled, in accordance with a particular feature of this invention, on respective shafts lying in a common horizontal plane and symmetrically on opposite sides of a vertical median plane of the furnace and charging apparatus.
  • the housing is elongated, as noted above and both the horizontal shafts which lie wholly within the outlines of the roof-shaped distributor and a downward projection of the outlines thereof so as to be protected from the charge introduced into the housing from above, span the housing in the longitudinal direction and are coupled for joint rotation by, for example, meshing gears externally of the housing.
  • the flaps When the flaps are swung symmetrically inwardly, i.e. toward one another, they abut in the aforementioned median plane of symmetry to unblock communication between the upper part of the housing and the lower housing portion, while simultaneously releasing the charge previously deposited on these flaps into the furnace. In their outer or spread positions, the flaps abut upwardly against stops formed on the housing walls to constitute a seal and a support for the charge increment which is introduced into the housing.
  • the housing is formed with downwardly converging frustoconical longitudinal walls and at least a pair of vertical end walls, the converging walls defining chutes with the respective flaps, along which the green pellets roll and slide as they pass into the interior of the furnace.
  • the flaps or wings In their spread positions, the flaps or wings preferably lie at about right angles to the converging walls of the housing above the distributor, the housing converges toward the inlet opening or mouth which is blocked by the upper gate. It has been found that the symmetrical ar rangement described above prevents separation of the charge into large and small particles fractions and in addition limits free fall of the particles.
  • the charge is fed to the housing by a conveyor means, e.g. an endless band conveyor which is shiftable in the direction of elongation of the roof-shaped distributor.
  • a conveyor means e.g. an endless band conveyor which is shiftable in the direction of elongation of the roof-shaped distributor.
  • the conveyor alternates between housings each of which has a roofshaped distributor and cooperating flaps or wings of the type described.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view transverse to the longitudinal dimensions of an apparatus for charging a shaft furnace in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along the vertical median plane of the apparatus perpendicular to the plane of FIG. I,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a conversible conveyor arrangement for use with the system of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing there is shown a sealing and charging apparatus for a shaft furnace S which comprises a conveyor belt arrangement 1 which is reversible as shown by the arrow A and has a discharge-side roll 1a shiftable in the direction of arrow B on suitable guides or the like as described in application Ser. No. 711,102 so that the conveyor may discharge green pellets of iron oxide or the like into the charging apparatus as represented by arrow C. Since the discharge end of the conveyor moves in the longitudinal direction across the entire mouth of the charging apparatus, the pellets are distributed uniformly in the charging apparatus.
  • An upper gate 2 closes the hopperlike housing 4 which, as can be seen from FIG.
  • the upper gate 2 comprises a frame 2a overlying the mouth 4f of the housing 4 and having a rectangular configuration with longitudinal walls 2b and transverse walls 2c. The latter are provided with inwardly open guide grooves 2d for the horizontally shiftable closure plate 2e which extends through a slot 2f in one of the walls 2b and is receivable in a closed housing 2g designed to protect the plate against exposure to the elements and contamination.
  • a connecting rod 2h is hinged to the plate 2e at 21' and is articulated at 2] to the piston 5a of a fluid-responsive cylinder 5 connected to the underside of chamber 2g by brackets 5b.
  • the lower gate or closure arrangement is represented generally at 3 and includes a lower frame 30 made up of walls 3b and 3c, the former having a slot 3f through which the closure plate 3e can be withdrawn into a chamber 3g by a fluidresponsive cylinder 6 mounted by brackets 6!: on the housing 33.
  • the piston 60 is articulated at 3 to the connecting rod 3h which extends through the housing 3g and is pivotally connected at 31' to the plane 31.
  • the free end of the plate 2e, 3e is receivable in a further groove 2k, 3k to ensure total sealing of the apparatus.
  • a roof or copinglike charge-distributing element 7 in the form of a hood which lies in the vertical median plane P of the apparatus and extends the full length thereof horizontally between the end walls 4h and 4i to which this hood 7 is secured.
  • the hood comprises a pair of downwardly diverging flanks 7a and 7b united in a peak 70 and including with one another an acute angle of about 70 as represented by a.
  • flanks 7a and 7b are plates which curve inwardly into the aprons 7d and 7e closely flanking a pair of tubular shafts 8 and 9journaled in bearing assemblies 10 in the end walls 4h and 41' through which these shafts extend, the bearing assemblies having seals 10a held in place by packing nuts 10b to prevent leakage of gas from the housing 4.
  • the distributor 7 has the function of uniformly distributing the charge within the housing 4 onto a pair of wings or flaps ll, 12 extending radially from the shafts 8 and 9, respectively and reinforced by ribs 11a and 12a of triangular configuration.
  • the distributor serves to reduce the free fall height of the charge and allows the charge to tumble along the outer surfaces of the flanks 7a and 7b in a sliding and rolling action which has been found to be less detrimental to green pellets, in spite of the low compressive strength and wear resistance thereof.
  • the bottom edges 7f and 8g of the aprons 7d, 7e abut the flaps II and 12 when the latter are in their upper, outwardly swung positions represented in solid lines in their upper, outwardly swung positions represented in solid lines in FIG. 1.
  • the aprons 7d and 7e protect the shaft 8 and 9, which they flank, from contact with the charge.
  • the shafts are provided with intermeshing gears 16, best seen in FIG. 2.
  • the flaps l1 and 12 abut, at their free ends, stops 13, formed in the walls 40 and 4b of the housing while in their lower or open" position, the flaps abut one another at 14 in the plane P as represented in broken lines in FIG. I.
  • a fluid-responsive cylinder arrangement 15 the piston 15a of which is vertically shiftable (arrow K) and is articulated to a bellcrank lever 15b afiixed to shaft 8.
  • the flaps 11 ans 12 When the flaps 11 ans 12 are swung inwardly into abutment at 14, they define with the walls 4a and 4b respective chutes 17a and 17b through which the charge flows in the direction of arrows L and M in two streams to ensure a thorough mixing and further prevent separation of the charge.
  • the gate 3 When the gate 3 is opened, the charge cascades downwardly through the window 18 in the direction of arrow Q into the charging duct of the shaft furnace as represented in S.
  • the flaps l1 and 12 need not be hermetically sealing to accomplish the objects of the invention.
  • the cylinder 15 and the cylinders 5, 6 are connected to a programmer 30 which is provided with an interlock 31 between the lower gate 3 and the flaps 11 so that the latter cannot be swung inwardly as long as the gate 3 is open.
  • the sequence of operations initially opens the upper gate 2 while maintaining the lower gate 3 closed and the flaps I1 and 12 in the spread positions shown in solid lines in FIG. 1. Only when the gate 2 has been fully withdrawn, does the programmer operate the conveyor 1 to deposit the charge uniformly in the housing 4.
  • sensing means for the quantity of charge fed into the housing 4 to terminate operation of the conveyor 1 when the charge reached it desired level within the housing.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown an arrangement in which the conveyor 1 is reversible (arrow R) to deliver the charge to two charging devices 4 and 4', each of which is identical to the charging apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a reversible duct arrangement D may be provided to alternately supply the housings, while the previously filled housing is empty.
  • a reversible conveyor and duct arrangement of this type is fully described in application Ser. No. 71 1,102 mentioned earlier.
  • An apparatus for charging a shaft-type furnace comprismg:
  • an upper and lower gate along upper and lower portions of said housing and alternatively operable to permit communication between said housing and said furnace and between the exterior of said housing;
  • said lower gate including a horizontal frame surrounding an opening immediately below the path of said flaps, and a plate horizontally shiftable in said frame across said opening, said housing having a pair of downwardly convergent walls reaching beneath the path of the flaps and terminating slightly above said plate.
  • An apparatus for charging a shaft-type furnace comprismg:
  • an upper and a lower gate along upper and lower portions of said housing and alternatively operable to permit communication between said housing and said furnace and between the exterior and said housing;
  • an upwardly converging roof-type distributor disposed in said housing in the path of a charge introduced into said upper portion of said housing, said distributor spanning said housing in the longitudinal direction along a vertical median plane through said housing;
  • a pair of swingable flaps mounted in said housing below said distributor and extending parallel to said distributor for temporarily retaining the charge in said housing but swingable into an open position to permit passage of the charge into said furnace through said lower portion of said housing,
  • actuating means for rotating at least one of said shafts relative to said housing, said flaps extending outwardly beyond said distributor in a closed" position thereof, said housing having symmetrically downwardly converging walls cooperating with said flaps for retaining the charge temporarily thereon in the closed position of said flaps, said distributor comprising a pair of downwardly diverging generally flat flanks joined in a peak lying along said median plane, and a pair of aprons integral with said flanks and surrounding said shafts, said aprons substantially abutting said flaps in said closed position.
  • the apparatus defined in claim 4 further comprising charge feed means above said upper portion of said housing and said upper gate and shiftable in the longitudinal direction parallel to said distributor, for depositing said charge in said housin 6.
  • said upper and lower gates each include a frame aligned with the respective opening of said housing and formed with a pair of confronting guides channels, a closure plate slidably received in said frame and guided in said channels, and alternatively operable fluid-responsive cylinders connected with said plates for actuating same.
  • each of said frames is formed with a chamber receiving the respective plate in a retracted position thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
US839951A 1968-07-10 1969-07-08 Apparatus for charging shaft-type furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3598258A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681758636 DE1758636B1 (de) 1968-07-10 1968-07-10 Vorrichtung zur Begichtung von Schachtoefen

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US (1) US3598258A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4812284B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT292758B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE735237A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR6910578D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA920356A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1758636B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2012642A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1198240A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU59066A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6909785A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE383412B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986624A (en) * 1971-02-16 1976-10-19 International Incinerators, Inc. Disposal feeding system including selective container control
US3987916A (en) * 1971-02-16 1976-10-26 International Incinerators, Inc. Method of disposing of combustible material
EP1500888A1 (de) * 2003-07-23 2005-01-26 Z & J Technologies GmbH Einrichtung zur Verteilung von Schüttgut in wenigstens zwei oberhalb der Gicht eines Hochofens angeordnete Bunker

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7111947A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-08-31 1973-03-02
JPS4841684U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-09-17 1973-05-28
FR3134456B1 (fr) 2022-04-12 2024-02-23 Chipiron Concentrateur de flux gradiometrique de volume pour detection magnetique ultrasensible et systeme de detection magnetique a base de squid mettant en œuvre ce concentrateur de flux.

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614708A (en) * 1951-02-23 1952-10-21 George O Hoffstetter Cement conveyer
US3511390A (en) * 1967-03-07 1970-05-12 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Apparatus for charging shaft-type furnaces

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2614708A (en) * 1951-02-23 1952-10-21 George O Hoffstetter Cement conveyer
US3511390A (en) * 1967-03-07 1970-05-12 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Apparatus for charging shaft-type furnaces

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986624A (en) * 1971-02-16 1976-10-19 International Incinerators, Inc. Disposal feeding system including selective container control
US3987916A (en) * 1971-02-16 1976-10-26 International Incinerators, Inc. Method of disposing of combustible material
EP1500888A1 (de) * 2003-07-23 2005-01-26 Z & J Technologies GmbH Einrichtung zur Verteilung von Schüttgut in wenigstens zwei oberhalb der Gicht eines Hochofens angeordnete Bunker
CN100513583C (zh) * 2003-07-23 2009-07-15 Z&J技术有限公司 将松散物料分布到位于高炉炉口上方至少两个料斗的装置

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Publication number Publication date
CA920356A (en) 1973-02-06
GB1198240A (en) 1970-07-08
FR2012642A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-20
AT292758B (de) 1971-09-10
NL6909785A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-13
BR6910578D0 (pt) 1973-02-22
BE735237A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-01
LU59066A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-20
JPS4812284B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-04-19
DE1758636B1 (de) 1970-09-03
SE383412B (sv) 1976-03-08

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