US3595643A - Razor blade of a chromium containing steel - Google Patents

Razor blade of a chromium containing steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3595643A
US3595643A US556691A US3595643DA US3595643A US 3595643 A US3595643 A US 3595643A US 556691 A US556691 A US 556691A US 3595643D A US3595643D A US 3595643DA US 3595643 A US3595643 A US 3595643A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steel
molybdenum
tungsten
chromium
razor blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US556691A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph F Boyce
Axel Vilhelm Bernstein
Jan-Christer Henric Ove Carlen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Santrade Ltd
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Sandvikens Jernverks AB
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Assigned to SANTRADE LTD., A CORP. OF SWITZERLAND reassignment SANTRADE LTD., A CORP. OF SWITZERLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SANDVIK AKTIEBOLAG, A CORP. OF SWEDEN
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/60—Making other particular articles cutlery wares; garden tools or the like
    • B21D53/64—Making other particular articles cutlery wares; garden tools or the like knives; scissors; cutting blades
    • B21D53/645—Making other particular articles cutlery wares; garden tools or the like knives; scissors; cutting blades safety razor blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/08—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor involving changeable blades
    • B26B21/14—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle
    • B26B21/26—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle of the continuous ribbon type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing

Definitions

  • a razor blade made of a chromium stainless steel having good corrosion resistance and cutting properties and also a method forming such an article is disclosed.
  • the steel contains .30.45 carbon, 11-16 Cr, a member of the class consisting of tungsten and molybdenum wherein the amount of Mo may be .52.5% and W 1.05%, Si max. 70, Mn 1.5 max., 02% of Va, Ta, Ti and Zr and 0-1% Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Be and B.
  • the steel may be formed by cold rolling, hardening by heating to a range of 1000- 1150 C. Subsequent tempering may be utilized.
  • the present invention relates to razor blades especially in the form of thin ribbon-like razor blades, and similar thin elongated sharp edged blades having very good corrosion resistance and cutting properties and simultaneously being able to withstand stress corrosion or hydrogen induced failures when subjected to severe bending stresses.
  • the ribbon-like razor blades are for instance used in a razor where a thin strip successively can be fed from one roll to another for changing the cutting edge.
  • the steel is subjected to high bending stresses and a simultaneous chemical attack of a relatively long duration, which requires a high resistance to stress corrosion to avoid ruptures.
  • the steel must also provide very good cutting edges after grinding.
  • Previously known steels have not had the desired combination of properties.
  • the steel according to the invention has a composition which in combination with a suitable heat treatment provides the desired corrosion resistance and flexibility, at the same time having hardness satisfactorily high for obtaining a sufficient sharpness and wear resistance of the cutting edge.
  • the present invention provides razor blades and similar thin elongated sharp edged blades made of a stainless martensitic chromium steel having, for a razor blade steel, a very low content of carbon and containing molybdenum and/or tungsten which have been found necessary to improve the important properties, such as corrosion resistance and stress corrosion resistance.
  • the razor blades according to the present invention are characterized by very good cutting properties, high corrosion resistance and toughness and high resistance to ruptures at blending stresses exceeding 71,000 psi. under simultaneous chemical attack, e.g. of the type found in locations in which razors are used and/or stored.
  • the blades are consequently made of a steel having the following analysis: 0.30-0.45% carbon; 11-16% chromium; 0.5-2.5% molybdenum, or 1.05.0% tungsten, or a mixture of molybdenum and tungsten in an amount such that the sum of molybdenum and one-half of the tungsten is 0.5-2.5%; 00.70% silicon; 0-1.5% manganese and the rest iron with incidental impurities.
  • carbide formers such as vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium and/or zirconium
  • the total amount of these metals should in no event exceed 2% by weight, preferably 1%, and usually should be much less. Even smaller quantities of such elements as cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminum, beryllium, and/ or boron may 'be tolterated, the total in no event exceeding 1% by weight.
  • the sum of the amounts of the carbide formers, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium and one-half of the amounts of tungsten, niobium, tantalum, and zirconium should be 12-165 preferably l316%.
  • the carbon content should be chosen within the narrower range 0.350.45%. Further the chromium content should normally be held within the range 12l5 preferably 13-14%, and the silicon content should normally be at most 06%, and the manganese content at most 1.2%.
  • the carbon content has been chosen sufficiently high so that the steel can attain a hardness of at least VPN 625 (test load 0.5 kg.) after hardening and subzero cooling and possibly low temperature tempering, and at the same time so low that the steel is highly resistant to stress corrosion failure.
  • the content of chromium is so high that good corrosion resistance is obtained, but sufficiently low so that a satisfactory hardness can be attained after hardening.
  • the content of molybdenum is usually chosen rather high to obtain good corrosion resistance, being from 0.5 to 2.0%, preferably from 0.8 to 1.5% when no tungsten is present.
  • the steel for the razor blades according to the invention should permit hardening to a high hardness in order to facilitate the grinding of the cutting edge or edges. Further the steel should be corrosion resistant and not liable to ruptures under the influence of chemical attack and simultaneous bending. In order to achieve these properties the steel according to the composition defined has to be subject to a heat treatment especially adapted for the purpose.
  • the steel according to the invention should be heat treated in such a way that absorption of nitrogen during the hardening is avoided, and for this purpose the procedure should preferably be performed in a suitable protective atmosphere, for instance pure hydrogen.
  • a suitable protective atmosphere for instance pure hydrogen.
  • the steel should be tempered at a temperature between 250 and 450 C., preferably 300-400 C.
  • the heat treatment includes an initial heating to a temperature between 1000 and 1150 0, preferably l075 1100 C., followed by cooling to room temperature, usually between blocks cooled by water. This step may be followed by subzero cooling to a temperature between 20 and 120 0., usually 40 to -80 C., whereafter the steel preferably is tempered for a short time at a temperature between 100 and 450 C., in order to obtain a maximal hardness exceeding VPN 625 (load 0.5 kg.).
  • the cutting edge or edges are prepared e.g. by shaping as by grinding and then preferably a coating of the edge with a material for enhancing the shaving characteristics is applied and sintered to the steel at a temperature between 250 and 450 C., e.g. at about 350 C., resulting in a final hardness of about VPN 550 (load 0.5 kg).
  • the appended diagram comprises curves representing the susceptibility to said corrosion as a function of the carbon content for some different steel compositions, some of which are within and some without the scope of the invention.
  • Curve .A represent steels containing 13.5% Cr
  • the curves B and C show steels according to the in vention containing 13.5% Cr and 1.25% M0, the C steels having been melted in high vacuum.
  • the steels in the form of thin cold-rolled strips have been heated at 1075" C. during 30 seconds and have then been cooled to room temperature and thereafter to 70 C. and have finally been tempered at 350 C. during 15 minutes.
  • the diagram shows that for steels having about 13.5% chro mium and carbon contents Within the range 0.30-0.45 the sensitivity for stress corrosion is substantially lessened if molybdenum is added.
  • the diagram also shows that high vacuum treatment further decreases the susceptibility to stress corrosion failures. It is thus advantageous to melt the steel in high vacuum, as this further lessens the risk for ruptures under the influence of stress corrosion conditions. However, this is not an absolute requirement.
  • the variation of hardness in relation to the content of carbon is also noted.
  • carbon 0.370.43%
  • molybdenum l.11.4% (or twice this amount of tungsten) the sum of the amounts of molybdenum and one-half the tungsten being from 1.1-1.4%
  • silicon 0.20.5%
  • sulphur 50.020% nitrogen 50.06%; the balance being substantially all iron.
  • alloys in percent of weight according to the invention the following may be mentioned:
  • Steel 2 was treated in the same way but high vacuum remelted before rolling down to a strip with the thickness of 0.0015". With the same heat treatment as for steel No. 1 the hardness after the first tempering at 125 C. was VPN 690 and after the final tempering at 350 C. VPN 540. No fractures occurred at the stress corrosion test.
  • Razor blades and similar thin elongated sharp edged blades having good cutting properties and high corrosion resistance and toughness characterized in that the blades are made from a steel consisting essentially of 0.35- 0.45% carbon; 12-15% chromium; a member of the class consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, the amount of molybdenum when present alone being 0.8-1.5%, the amount of tungsten when present alone being 1.63.0%, and the sum of the amounts of molybdenum and one-half the tungsten when both are present being 0.8-1.5% 00.6% silicon; 01.2% manganese; O1% each of a member of the class consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium and zirconium, the total of all the last said members being a maximum of 1%; and 01% each of a member of the class consisting of cobalt, nickel, copper, aluminum, beryllium,
  • Razor blades having good cutting properties, high corrosion resistance, and toughness characterized in that the blades are made from a steel which in addition to iron with incidental impurities consists essentially of 0.37- 0.43% carbon; 1314% chromium; a member of the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and mixtures thereof, the amount of molybdenum when present alone being 1.1l.4%, the amount of tungsten when present alone being 2.22.8%, and the sum of the amounts of molybdenum and one-half the tungsten when both are present being 1.11.4%; 0.20.5% silicon; and 02-05% manganese.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
US556691A 1965-10-18 1966-06-10 Razor blade of a chromium containing steel Expired - Lifetime US3595643A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49708565A 1965-10-18 1965-10-18
US55669166A 1966-06-10 1966-06-10

Publications (1)

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US3595643A true US3595643A (en) 1971-07-27

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US556691A Expired - Lifetime US3595643A (en) 1965-10-18 1966-06-10 Razor blade of a chromium containing steel

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US (1) US3595643A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (2) BE688416A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CH (2) CH474338A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (2) DE1533380B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES332349A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (2) GB1108377A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (2) NL6614492A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4180420A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-12-25 The Gillette Company Razor blades
DE3901470C1 (en) * 1989-01-19 1990-08-09 Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De Cold-working steel and its use
US5364588A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-11-15 A. Finkl & Sons Co. Double stabilized stainless-type steel die block
US6235237B1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2001-05-22 Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh Steel alloy for gliding elements
WO2005093112A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-06 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Steel alloy for cutting details
US20100308505A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Edro Specialty Steels, Inc. Plastic injection mold of low carbon martensitic stainless steel
JP2014070229A (ja) * 2012-09-27 2014-04-21 Hitachi Metals Ltd 刃物用鋼帯の製造方法
EP3070180A4 (en) * 2013-11-13 2016-11-23 Nsk Ltd MACHINE MANUFACTURING METHOD USING MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL AND ROTATING DEVICE, ROLLER BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARING UNIT
US9534268B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2017-01-03 Outokumpu Nirosta Gmbh Method for manufacturing a hot press-hardened component and use of a steel product for manufacturing a hot press-hardened component
US10196718B2 (en) * 2015-06-11 2019-02-05 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Steel strip for cutlery

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2521889B1 (fr) * 1982-02-19 1986-04-04 Tarn Limes Rapes Saut Outil de limage et son procede de fabrication
AT392485B (de) * 1985-05-21 1991-04-10 Boehler Gmbh Werkstoff zur herstellung von stanz- und gegenplatten
EP0485641B1 (en) * 1990-11-10 1994-07-27 Wilkinson Sword Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Razor blade steel having high corrosion resistance, razor blades and a process for manufacturing razor blades
DE102004051629B4 (de) * 2004-10-23 2006-08-24 Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh Rostfreier martensitischer Chromstahl
DE102011102293A1 (de) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-30 Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh Verwendung eines Chromstahls mit martensitischem Gefüge und karbidischen Einschlüssen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR769373A (fr) * 1933-03-20 1934-08-24 Comm Aciers Soc Ind Alliages pour la fabrication de pièces, qui doivent pouvoir résister à l'attaque de gaz décarburants
AT159794B (de) * 1937-04-30 1940-11-11 Sandvikens Jernverks Ab Legierter Stahl.

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4180420A (en) * 1977-12-01 1979-12-25 The Gillette Company Razor blades
DE3901470C1 (en) * 1989-01-19 1990-08-09 Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De Cold-working steel and its use
US5364588A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-11-15 A. Finkl & Sons Co. Double stabilized stainless-type steel die block
US6235237B1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2001-05-22 Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh Steel alloy for gliding elements
WO2005093112A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-06 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab Steel alloy for cutting details
US20070274855A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2007-11-29 Jonas Nilsson Steel Alloy For Cutting Details
US20100308505A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Edro Specialty Steels, Inc. Plastic injection mold of low carbon martensitic stainless steel
US8557059B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2013-10-15 Edro Specialty Steels, Inc. Plastic injection mold of low carbon martensitic stainless steel
US9534268B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2017-01-03 Outokumpu Nirosta Gmbh Method for manufacturing a hot press-hardened component and use of a steel product for manufacturing a hot press-hardened component
JP2014070229A (ja) * 2012-09-27 2014-04-21 Hitachi Metals Ltd 刃物用鋼帯の製造方法
EP3070180A4 (en) * 2013-11-13 2016-11-23 Nsk Ltd MACHINE MANUFACTURING METHOD USING MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL AND ROTATING DEVICE, ROLLER BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARING UNIT
EP3483291A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2019-05-15 NSK Ltd. Manufacturing method of mechanical component using martensitic stainless steel
US10494692B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2019-12-03 Nsk Ltd. Manufacturing method of mechanical component using martensitic stainless steel, rotating device, rolling bearing and rolling bearing unit
US10851433B2 (en) 2013-11-13 2020-12-01 Nsk Ltd. Manufacturing method of mechanical component using martensitic stainless steel, rotating device, rolling bearing and rolling bearing unit
US10196718B2 (en) * 2015-06-11 2019-02-05 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Steel strip for cutlery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6614639A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1967-04-19
CH474337A (de) 1969-06-30
BE688415A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1967-03-31
CH474338A (de) 1969-06-30
DE1533380B1 (de) 1971-05-06
BE688416A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1967-03-31
NL6614492A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1967-04-19
DE1533381B1 (de) 1970-07-09
GB1108377A (en) 1968-04-03
ES332349A1 (es) 1967-11-16
GB1107233A (en) 1968-03-27

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SANDVIK AKTIEBOLAG, A CORP. OF SWEDEN;REEL/FRAME:004085/0132

Effective date: 19820908