US3594547A - Electrical heaters - Google Patents

Electrical heaters Download PDF

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Publication number
US3594547A
US3594547A US784431A US3594547DA US3594547A US 3594547 A US3594547 A US 3594547A US 784431 A US784431 A US 784431A US 3594547D A US3594547D A US 3594547DA US 3594547 A US3594547 A US 3594547A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
electrode
coating
sheet
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US784431A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph Thomas Quinn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SPACE AGE PRODUCTS SALES Ltd
Original Assignee
SPACE AGE PRODUCTS SALES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SPACE AGE PRODUCTS SALES Ltd filed Critical SPACE AGE PRODUCTS SALES Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3594547A publication Critical patent/US3594547A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0202—Switches
    • H05B1/0225—Switches actuated by timers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/56—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices specially adapted for cleaning other parts or devices than front windows or windscreens
    • B60S1/58—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices specially adapted for cleaning other parts or devices than front windows or windscreens for rear windows
    • B60S1/586—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices specially adapted for cleaning other parts or devices than front windows or windscreens for rear windows including defroster or demisting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means

Definitions

  • An electrical heater for use in heating the engine, battery, seat or rear window of an automobile includes a thin, flexible rectangular heating pad embodying a composite electrical resistance sheet, a time switch mounted on the pad at a comer thereof and a pair of leads extending from the corner to provide for the operative connection of the heater to the vehicle battery.
  • the pad comprises a resistance sheet composed of a flexible substrate of glass cloth having a coating of electrically resistive material on one surface.
  • Header and distributor conductors an electrical contact with the face of the coating and connectable to said leads through the time switch are formed by a pair of elongated flexible braided wire electrodes extending sinuously across the coating and stitched to the sheet. Each electrode forms a plurality of U-shaped portions. The electrodes cross each other near their U-bases so that longitudinal stretches of one electrode alternate with 1ongitudinal stretches of the other. The electrodes are electrically insulated from each other at the crossings.
  • J V Attorneys ELECTRICAL HEATERS This invention relates to electrical heaters,the chief object being to provide an electrical heater which operates efficiently with a low voltage electricity supply, for example, with the usual l2-volt battery of a motor vehicle.
  • an electrical heater includes a heater element comprising a flexible sheet composed of a base layer of electrically insulative material and a coating of electrically resistive conducting material on the base layer, a pair of elongated flexible electrodes of braided wire in electrical contact with the face of the coating, each of the electrodes extending sinuously across the coating width in a plurality of elongated U-portions and one of the electrodes crossing the other near the U-bases so that longitudinal stretches of one electrode alternate with the longitudinal stretches of the other electrode, pieces of electrically insulative material between electrodes at the crossings, stitching securing the electrodesto the sheet, and means for connecting the electrodes to a power source.
  • P10. 1 is a front view of. an electrical heater for connection to the battery of a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view on the line ll-Il of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view on the line lll-lll of FIG. 1.
  • An electrical heater for use in a motor vehicle having the usual l2-volt battery includes a thin, flexible, insulated rectangular heating element or pad embodying a composite electrical resistancesheet'll, a time switch 12 mounted on the pad at a corner thereof, and a pair of external leads 13 and 14 extending from said corner of the pad to provide for the operative connection of the heater to the battery.
  • the resistance sheet 11 is composed of a base layer of glass cloth [5 and a coat of thermally stable, electricityconducting material 16, such as a rubberlike polymer or a silicone rubber, formed on the surface of the cloth [5.
  • a suitable resistance sheet of this kind is supplied by Imperial Chemical Industries Limited under the Trade Mark Flexel.”
  • the conducting coat 16 may be applied to the face of the cloth by roller.
  • the thickness of the composite sheet 11 is approximately 0.008 inch.
  • Flexible reinforcing strips 17 and 18 of insulating material are stitched to the ends of the sheet 11, against the coat l6; and a rectangular, flexible reinforcing patch 19 of insulating material is stitched to the sheet 11 at a corner thereof and against the coat l6.
  • a pair of elongated electrodes 20 and 2] are stitched to the sheet 11 and to the end reinforcements thereof so as to lie on the face of the coat 16.
  • the electrodes consist of a pair of lengths of flat, braided metal wire, each length extending sinuously across the sheet width in a plurality of elongated, substantially rectangular U-portions (FIG. 2).
  • the electrode 21 overlaps the electrode 20 at the U-bends, so that the longitudinal stretches 21A of the electrode 21 alternate with the longitudinal stretches 20A of the electrode 20, and a pair of ends 208 and 21B of the electrodes are located adjacent to the comer reinforcing patch 19.
  • Insulating patches 22 of flexible material are provided between the electrodes at the U-bends thereof, being stitched with electrode 21 to the reinforced ends of the sheet 11.
  • the stitching of the strips, patches and electrodes is of a polyester/cotton thread.
  • the distance between the reinforcing strips 17 and 18 is about l8 inches, and the electrode stretches 20A and 21A divide the coat 16 into a plurality of longitudinal side-by-side resistance strips R each about 2 inches wide.
  • a sealed, rectangular, electrically insulating envelope 23 neatly houses the resistance sheet 11 to form therewith the pad 10; the envelope is formed by welding together the edges of two superposed rectangular sheets of black, heavy-duty pol thene.
  • he time switch 12 mounted on the pad 10 includes a 12- hour clock composed of a cylindrical casing 24 penetrating a circular opening in the patch-reinforced corner of the pad, a pair of short internal leads 25 and 26 extending through an opening in the casing, and a square face portion 27 closing the casing and forming a flange thereon.
  • the lead 25 is connected to the adjacent end 203 of the electrode 20, and the lead 26 is connected to the external lead 13 which is connectable to the positive terminal of the vehicle battery by a suitable clip.
  • the external lead 14 is connected at one end to the end 213 of the electrode 21 and is connectable at the other end to the vehicle chassis by a suitable clip.
  • the face portion 27 has thereon at its rear a set of four studs 28 penetrating the reinforced corner of the pad and penetrating also an annular backplate 29 extending around the casing and engaging the rear of the pad. Nuts 30 on the studs provide for clamping of the pad between the flange 27 and the blackplate 29 so that the clock is securely mounted on the pad.
  • the envelope is fitted at the corners with adhesive pads 31 to enable mounting of the heater in any desired position in the vehicle.
  • the envelope is fitted with eyelets, loops or other means enabling suspension of the heater in the vehicle.
  • the clock is set to close the switch in the heating circuit at a suitable time e.g. a few hours before the starting time, the heater is mounted in a suitable position under the engine bonnet, and the external leads are'clipped to the battery and to the chassis. Following the timed closure of the switch, the heater runs at 4.5 amperes per hour to produce 50 watts of radiant heat under the bonnet.
  • the heater may alternatively be used as a seat heater, or may be placed on the back-window ledge to prevent misting of the back window.
  • the heater has a wide field of use where only a low voltage electrical supply is available.
  • An electrical heater including a heater element comprising a flexible sheet composed of abase layer of electrically insulative material and a coating of electrically resistive conducting material on the base layer, a pair of elongated flexible electrodes of braided wire in electrical contact with the face of the coating, each of the electrodes extending sinuously across the coating width in a plurality of elongated U-portions and one of the electrodes crossing the other near the U-bases so that longitudinal stretches of one electrode alternate with the longitudinal stretches of the other electrode, pieces of electrically insulative material between electrodes at the crossings, stitching securing the electrodes to the sheet, and means for connecting the electrodes to a power source.
  • thermoelectric heater according to claim 1, wherein the heating element includes a cover of electrically insulative flexible material enclosing the flexible sheet.
  • a heater according to claim 4 wherein the time switch is connected to one electrode and to an external lead connectable to the positive terminal of a vehicle battery, and the other external lead is connected to the other electrode and is connectable to the vehicle chassis.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
US784431A 1967-12-23 1968-12-17 Electrical heaters Expired - Lifetime US3594547A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5857867 1967-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3594547A true US3594547A (en) 1971-07-20

Family

ID=10481945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US784431A Expired - Lifetime US3594547A (en) 1967-12-23 1968-12-17 Electrical heaters

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3594547A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE725906A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1816051A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1597041A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1253210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6818342A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4162395A (en) * 1975-11-07 1979-07-24 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heating unit for heating fluid
US4209675A (en) * 1977-12-07 1980-06-24 Vitale Andrew P Variable duration electric clock timer unit
US4293759A (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-10-06 Higgins Pink M Electric heating system for heating the interior of a motor vehicle prior to starting
US4399347A (en) * 1980-06-28 1983-08-16 Firma Carl Freudenberg Device for attachment to motor vehicle windows to prevent fogging or icing
US4410843A (en) * 1981-03-25 1983-10-18 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Electrically controlled sliding window and proximity detector
WO1987001549A1 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-03-12 Odd Stephan Irgens A device for heating with energy saving in cars and boats
US4700046A (en) * 1985-10-07 1987-10-13 Ab Mekania-Verken Control device for vehicle in-seat heater
US5055656A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-10-08 Globe-Union, Inc. Battery heating system using instantaneous excess capacity of a vehicle electrical power generating subsystem
US5160827A (en) * 1991-08-06 1992-11-03 Parker Darren L Automotive windshield deice apparatus
US5731568A (en) * 1995-10-13 1998-03-24 Arctic Fox, Inc. Battery heating device and method
US5928548A (en) * 1994-07-18 1999-07-27 Tocksfors Verkstads Ab Electric cushion heater
US6483078B2 (en) * 2000-02-09 2002-11-19 Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. Moisture control system for electrical devices
US6963049B1 (en) 2004-10-15 2005-11-08 Martin Jamarell M Snow removal system
US20070212597A1 (en) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Psion Teklogix Inc. Insulated smart battery pack for low temperature applications
US7405378B1 (en) 2006-06-27 2008-07-29 Ernestine Marie Whitlow Safety blanket
US20080290081A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2008-11-27 Nel Technologies Limited Anti-Fogging Device and Anti-Fogging Viewing Member
WO2009146538A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-10 Alfonso Andrade Heating apparatus for snow and ice removal
US20100089895A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Brown Myles E Temperature controlled electronics tray
US7718923B1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2010-05-18 Hansen Scott P Defrosting windshield sunshade panel
US20120193338A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Sullivan Nancy A Apparatus for removing ice and snow from the roof of a vehicle
US11691483B2 (en) 2018-07-16 2023-07-04 Ramon C Esteban Thermal shield system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3168840D1 (en) * 1981-02-03 1985-03-28 Bauerhin I G Elektro Tech Heating element for a vehicle seat

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1534220A (en) * 1922-06-12 1925-04-21 Arthur J Kercher Automobile radiator heater
US2392712A (en) * 1943-09-06 1946-01-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Warming pad
US2669646A (en) * 1950-01-20 1954-02-16 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Electrically conductive material
US3156813A (en) * 1962-10-15 1964-11-10 Milesmaster Inc Of America Battery warmer
US3287684A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-11-22 Motson Services Inc Electrical heating device
US3385959A (en) * 1964-05-29 1968-05-28 Ici Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3400254A (en) * 1966-07-18 1968-09-03 Takemori Hiroshi Electric heating device for mounting inside a fabric covering

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1534220A (en) * 1922-06-12 1925-04-21 Arthur J Kercher Automobile radiator heater
US2392712A (en) * 1943-09-06 1946-01-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Warming pad
US2669646A (en) * 1950-01-20 1954-02-16 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Electrically conductive material
US3156813A (en) * 1962-10-15 1964-11-10 Milesmaster Inc Of America Battery warmer
US3287684A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-11-22 Motson Services Inc Electrical heating device
US3385959A (en) * 1964-05-29 1968-05-28 Ici Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3400254A (en) * 1966-07-18 1968-09-03 Takemori Hiroshi Electric heating device for mounting inside a fabric covering

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4162395A (en) * 1975-11-07 1979-07-24 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heating unit for heating fluid
US4209675A (en) * 1977-12-07 1980-06-24 Vitale Andrew P Variable duration electric clock timer unit
US4293759A (en) * 1979-12-19 1981-10-06 Higgins Pink M Electric heating system for heating the interior of a motor vehicle prior to starting
US4399347A (en) * 1980-06-28 1983-08-16 Firma Carl Freudenberg Device for attachment to motor vehicle windows to prevent fogging or icing
US4410843A (en) * 1981-03-25 1983-10-18 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Electrically controlled sliding window and proximity detector
WO1987001549A1 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-03-12 Odd Stephan Irgens A device for heating with energy saving in cars and boats
US4700046A (en) * 1985-10-07 1987-10-13 Ab Mekania-Verken Control device for vehicle in-seat heater
US5055656A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-10-08 Globe-Union, Inc. Battery heating system using instantaneous excess capacity of a vehicle electrical power generating subsystem
US5160827A (en) * 1991-08-06 1992-11-03 Parker Darren L Automotive windshield deice apparatus
US5928548A (en) * 1994-07-18 1999-07-27 Tocksfors Verkstads Ab Electric cushion heater
US5731568A (en) * 1995-10-13 1998-03-24 Arctic Fox, Inc. Battery heating device and method
US6483078B2 (en) * 2000-02-09 2002-11-19 Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. Moisture control system for electrical devices
US6963049B1 (en) 2004-10-15 2005-11-08 Martin Jamarell M Snow removal system
US20080290081A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2008-11-27 Nel Technologies Limited Anti-Fogging Device and Anti-Fogging Viewing Member
US8399805B2 (en) * 2005-11-08 2013-03-19 Nel Technologies Limited Anti-fogging device and anti-fogging viewing member
US20070212597A1 (en) * 2006-03-08 2007-09-13 Psion Teklogix Inc. Insulated smart battery pack for low temperature applications
US7405378B1 (en) 2006-06-27 2008-07-29 Ernestine Marie Whitlow Safety blanket
US7718923B1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2010-05-18 Hansen Scott P Defrosting windshield sunshade panel
WO2009146538A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-10 Alfonso Andrade Heating apparatus for snow and ice removal
US20100089895A1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Brown Myles E Temperature controlled electronics tray
US8415590B2 (en) 2008-10-14 2013-04-09 The Boeing Company Temperature controlled electronics tray
US20120193338A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Sullivan Nancy A Apparatus for removing ice and snow from the roof of a vehicle
US11691483B2 (en) 2018-07-16 2023-07-04 Ramon C Esteban Thermal shield system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE725906A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-05-29
DE1816051A1 (de) 1969-10-02
GB1253210A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-10
FR1597041A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-22
NL6818342A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-25

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