US3593556A - Rolling mill with prestressed housing - Google Patents

Rolling mill with prestressed housing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3593556A
US3593556A US815810A US3593556DA US3593556A US 3593556 A US3593556 A US 3593556A US 815810 A US815810 A US 815810A US 3593556D A US3593556D A US 3593556DA US 3593556 A US3593556 A US 3593556A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rolls
working
backup
roll
rolling
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Expired - Lifetime
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US815810A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Blain
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise IRSID
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/14—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories having counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load; Back-up rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/02—Rolling stand frames or housings; Roll mountings ; Roll chocks
    • B21B31/028—Prestressing of rolls or roll mountings in stand frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/16—Adjusting or positioning rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
    • B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B21B27/021—Rolls for sheets or strips
    • B21B2027/022—Rolls having tapered ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2203/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in combination with rolling mills or rolling methods
    • B21B2203/36—Spacers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2269/00—Roll bending or shifting
    • B21B2269/12—Axial shifting the rolls
    • B21B2269/14—Work rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • B21B27/03—Sleeved rolls

Definitions

  • PATENTEDJuLmmn 3 556 sum 1 BF 4 lA/VEA/TOR PAUL MAW Mam PATENTEDJULPOIHYI 3,593,556
  • SHEET 2 BF 4 mum/mpg PAUL BLAl/V ROLLING MILL WITH PRESTRESSED HOUSING
  • the present invention relates to improvements in four-high mills with a prestressed housing.
  • Prestressed rolling mill housings are known and comprise rigid elements joining two opposed bearings chocks which are placed under compression by exerting thereon a pressure force superior to, and opposing, the rolling pressure exerted upon the working rolls by a product passing therebetween during rolling.
  • the mill comprises two cooperating working rolls, and each working roll has at each end a bearing surface in rolling contact with the corresponding end bearing surface on the other working roll.
  • Each of the two backup rolls is in pressure contact with a respective working roll, and each backup roll has a diameter at each point along its length such that the backup roll mates along the entire length with the working roll in pressure contact therewith.
  • Means is provided for exerting the pressure force upon the ends of the backup rolls, and this force'is transmitted by the backup rolls to the working rolls through their end bearing surfaces and along their entire length whereby the bearing surfaces of the working rolls are held in pressure engagement with each other while a rolling space is defined between the working rolls to permit the product to pass therethrough.
  • the end bearing surface of at least one of the working rolls has a diameter larger than the diameter of the central portion of the roll extending therebetween, the rolling space being defined between the central portion of the one roll and the other roll, and the backup roll in pressure contact with the one working roll has end bearing surfaces in rolling contact with the end bearing surfaces of the one working roll whose diameters are smaller than the diameter of the central portion of the backup roll extending therebetween.
  • each working roll has additional bearing surfaces intermediate the end bearing surfaces in rolling contact with corresponding bearing surfaces on the other working roll, concave rolling portions being defined between said additional bearing surfaces to permit elongated products to pass therethrough, and the backup rolls having corresponding bearing surfaces respectively mating with the bearing surfaces and concave rolling portions of the working rolls.
  • each working roll has a central portion defined by a rectilinear generatrix, and the end bearing surfaces of the working rolls are frustoconical end portions ofa median diameter about the same as the diameter of the central portion, one of the conical end portions converging and the other conical end portion diverging in respect of the central portion, the two working rolls being arranged in wedged engagement and axially movable in respect of each other for defining an adjustable rolling space therebetween, and each backup roll has a central portion defined by a rectilinear generatrix and conical end portions of a median diameter about the same as the diameter of the central portion, one of the conical end portions of each backup roll converging and the other conical end portion diverging in respect of the central portion of the backup roll, the two backup rolls being arranged in wedged engagement with the respective working rolls.
  • rolling space designates either a space of uniform cross section for rolling flat products, or a space of varying cross sections for rolling a plurality of long products, for instance.
  • the rigid elements under compression of the prestress are part of the work ing rolls themselves and are constituted by the end portions of the working rolls.
  • FIG. I is a schematic view, partially a section, ofa four-high rolling mill with a prestressed housing for strips of constant thickness;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the rolls of a four-high mill for rolling a elongated products
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view, partly in section, of a four-high mill for rolling strips of adjustable thickness
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a device permitting the axial dis placement of the working rolls.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of FIG. 4.
  • a prestressed rolling-mill housing It comprising two vertical columns 2 and 3 having journals receiving the two working rolls 4 and 5, as well as two backup rolls 6 and 7 of larger diameter than the diameter of rolls 4 and 5.
  • the working roll 4 is of a special type. It comprises two shoulder portions 4a and 4b at its respective ends. The diameter of the shoulder portions exceeds that of the central portion of the roll which serves as the working surface for rolling the product. The shoulder portions of the working roll 4 engage, and are supported by, the working roll 5 in a flat contact plane thus defining a central space of constant thickness between rolls 4 and 5 wherethrough a flat product P may be introduced for rolling.
  • a backup roll 6 of a special type cooperates with working roll 4 and the backup roll 7 cooperates with working roll 5.
  • the backup roll 6 comprises two neck portions 6a and 6b at its respective ends. The diameter of the neck portions is smaller than that of the central portion of the backup roll.
  • the neck portions of the backup roll mate with the shoulder portions of the working roll and the central portions of the working and backup rolls also mate.
  • the trunnions 9a and 9b of the working rolls 4 and 5 are mounted in journal bearings a and 10b which, in turn, are held in bearing chocks Ila and 1112.
  • the same mounting is provided for supporting the trunnions 9c and 9d of backup rolls 6 and 7 in journal bearings 10c and N1! in bearing bearing chocks 1 1c and lid.
  • the force of pressure F is exerted upon the rolling mill by tightening pressure screw 12 which exerts pressure on the trunnions 9c, 9d of the backup rolls through bearing chocks 11c, lld. Therefore, the working rolls are substantially restrained from bending and mill spring is reduced to a minimum.
  • An automatic mill spring compensation device may, for instance, consist of a closed loop control receiving as input information the difference between a linear reference backing force and th e l inear backing force applied, for example, to contact line CD. This force may be measured continuously by a suitable pressure gage. The output of the control is a function of this input information and is used to control hydraulic or mechanical means producing the screwing force and thus keeping the linear backing force constant. Thus, the flattening of the working roll portions in contact with each other will be invariable, and the rolled product will leave the mill at a rigorously constant thickness.
  • the other parts of the rolling mill are conventional.
  • the bearing chock llc of the upper backup roll 6 is in contact with the lower end of the pressure screw 12, the upper end of the screw being threadedly received in nut 13 mounted on top of column 3 and driven by motor 14, the same arrangement being present on the other side of the housing on column 2.
  • the working rolls 4, 5 are also driven in a known manner by means of motors which rotate the transmission shafts l5, 15 of the rolls.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the support housing of the hour-high mill is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. I and, therefore, has been omitted, this embodiment differing by the form of the rolls.
  • Both working rolls l6 and 17 are of a special type, being identical in the illustrated embodiment.
  • Each roll defines six adjacent circumferential grooves for rolling elongated products of which three grooves 16a, 16b and 160 are larger than the other three grooves 16d, 16c and 16]".
  • the two rolls press against each other only along the contact lines E and G5 in the illustrated embodiment but it will be understood that they may also be in pressing contact along short straight contact lines between adjacent ones of the grooves between the points B and C.
  • the two backup rolls 18 and 19 are also of a special type and also identical.
  • Each backup roll has a series of projecting bead portions 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, l8e and 18f mating with the corresponding grooves in the working rolls.
  • This force is greater than the counterforce resulting from the rolling.
  • the working rolls will remain in pressure contact in the zones E and (7) during rolling and the rolls constantly remain at the same relative position. The thickness of the rolled product thus remains constant.
  • the above-described embodiment of the invention for simultaneously rolling a plurality of bars has the particular advantage of avoiding all relative radial movement of the working rolls when one of the bars is removed from the mill. This is a well-known cause of irregularities in the sections of rolled bars in conventional rolling mills. According to this embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of bars with very precisely determined cross sections may be produced simultaneously.
  • FIG. 3 represents another system which makes it possible to adjust the thickness of rolled strips in a four-high mill with a prestressed housing.
  • the housing is again identical with that of FIG. I and any parts designated by like reference numerals are of like structure and serve the same function.
  • the mill comprises a pair of working rolls 20 and 21, with a pair of backup rolls 22 and 23.
  • Each roll comprises a central portion having a rectilinear generatrix and two frustoconical end portions respectively designated as 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b and 23a, 23b.
  • the median diameter of the two frustoconical end portions of each roll is substantially the same as the diameter ofthe central portion of the roll, the two end portions being so arranged on each roll that one converges towards, while the other diverges from, the central portion of the roll.
  • the two working rolls are so positioned in relation to each other that their straight generatrixes define a space therebetween into which may be introduced a strip P to be rolled.
  • an axial displacement mechanism is provided, which is most clearly shown in FIG. 4 and 5.
  • This mechanism is housed in the bearing chock 11a at the left in FIG. 3 and the bearing chock llb at the right in FIG. 3.
  • This mechanism includes an annular chamber 24 in each bearing chock which is filled with a hydraulic liquid, for instance oil, and which is closed at the side facing the respective frustoconical end portion 21a or 2111 of the roll by an annular piston 25 which slides in the chamber.
  • a feed conduit 26 connects the chamber 24 to a source of a liquid under pressure (not shown), and a manometer 27 is connected to conduit 26 by branch conduit 26a.
  • a return conduit 28 may remove the hydraulic liquid from the circuit, a valve 29 being mounted in the return conduit.
  • FIG. 4 shows the mounting of the bearing chock on columns 2 and 3 by means of plate 30 and bolt 31, which is conventional and permits the bearing chocks of the rolling mill of this invention to be immobilized.
  • the hydraulic liquid pressure is controlled by manometer 27 so as to exert a desired axial pressure on pistons 25.
  • the two pistons will move the rolls 20 and 21 in opposite axial directions to increase the central space therebetween.
  • the hydraulic pressure is reduced, for example by opening valves 29, the two rolls will move in the reverse direction to reduce the central space therebetween.
  • the backup rolls 22 and 23 are also in wedged engagement with the working rolls 20 and 21.
  • the diameters of the central rectilinear portions of the backup rolls are considerably larger than those of the working rolls to limit mill spring. They are in contact with the working rolls along their entire lengths and are thus displaced with them.
  • the screwing forces F exerted upon the trunnions of the backup cylinders through the bearing chocks He and 11d are thus uniformly distributed over the entire lengths of the working rolls in any working position.
  • the thickness of the product to be rolled can be adjusted very accurately, as in the other embodiments of this invention.
  • the median diameters of the frustoconical roll portions are about the same as the diameters of the central roll portions. Since the peripheral speeds of the central working roll portions should be identical, for rolling strips, slippage between the conical portions is reduced to a minimum.
  • both working rolls in the embodiment of FIG. 1 may be of the special type shown for the roll 4. This may have the advantage that the rolling line of the working rolls will lie in the median plane of the strip being rolled. ln this case, the peripheral speed of the working rolls at their ends will be identical and there will be no slippage therebetween. ln this case, the second backup roll 7 will, of course, also have the special form of the other roll 6.
  • the diameters of the working and backup rolls respectively will be ground in a single operation so as to avoid any possibility of eccentricity.
  • the rolling mills with a prestressed housing according to the present invention have numerous advantages.
  • the thickness of the rolled product does not depend on the supposedly uniform temperature of the rolls and the housing. Nor does it depend on the thickness of the oil film lubricating the bearings, which makes it independent of the rolling speed.
  • the mechanical chain upon which various stresses are exerted, which may cause variable elastic deformation, is reduced to a minimum and includes neither roller bearings nor oil films.
  • the possible variations in the thickness of the rolled product are, therefore, minimized and may readily be compensated by any of the well-known systems for compensating mill spring.
  • the herein disclosed prestressed rolling mill housing eliminates the effects of eccentricity of the rolls, which has always been grave in fourhigh mills.
  • a four-high rolling mill comprising 1. two cooperating working roll,
  • each working roll having at each end a bearing surface in rolling contact with the corresponding end bearing surface on the other roll;
  • each of the backup rolls being in pressure contact with a respective one of the working rolls along the entire length of the working rolls and each backup roll having a diameter at each point along its length such that the backup roll mates along the entire length with the working roll in pressure contact therewith;
  • a four-high rolling mill comprising two cooperating working rolls,
  • each working roll having at each end a bearing surface in rolling contact with the corresponding end bearing surface on the other roll
  • rolling space being defined between the central portion 1 olthe one roll and the other roll;
  • each of the backup rolls being in pressure contact with a respective one of the working rolls along the entire length of the working roll and each backup roll having a diameter at each point along its length such that the backup roll mates along the entire length with the working roll in pressure contact therewith,
  • the backup roll in pressure contact with the one working roll having end bearing surfaces in rolling contact with the end bearing surfaces of the one working roll whose diameters are smaller than the diameter of the central portion of the backup roll extending therebetween;
  • each working roll has additional bearing surfaces intermediate the end bearing surfaces in rolling contact with corresponding bearing surfaces' on the other working roll, concave rolling portions being defined between said additional bearing surfaces to permit elongated products to pass therethrough, and the backup rolls having corresponding bearing surfaces respectively mating with the bearing surfaces and concave rolling portions of the working rolls.
  • a four-high rolling mill comprising 1 two cooperating working rolls,
  • each working roll having a central portion defined by a rectilinear generatrix and at each end a frustoconical bearing surface of a median diameter about the same as the diameter of the central portion, one of the conical end bearing surfaces converging and the other conical end bearing surface diverging in respect of the central portion, and
  • the two working rolls being arranged in wedged engagement and axially movable in respect of each other for defining an adjustable rolling space therebetween;
  • each of the backup rolls being in pressure contact with a respective one of the working rolls along the entire length of the working roll and each backup roll having a diameter at each point along its length such that the backup roll mates along the entire length with the working roll in pressure contact therewith,
  • each backup roll having a central portion defined by a rectilinear generatrix and conical end portions of a median diameter about the same as the diameter of the central portion, one of the conical end portions of each backup roll converging and the other conical end portion diverging in respect of the central portion of the backup roll, and
  • the rolling mill of claim 4 further comprising means for axially displacing the working rolls in respect of each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US815810A 1968-04-12 1969-04-14 Rolling mill with prestressed housing Expired - Lifetime US3593556A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR148137 1968-04-12

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US (1) US3593556A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE731347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1918032A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1570660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1241279A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU58405A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834207A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-09-10 Anaconda American Brass Co Method and apparatus for forming an accurately dimensioned metal strip having varying thickness
DE3103156A1 (de) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-12 Magnitogorskij Gorno-MetallurgiČeskij institut imeni G.I. Nosova, Magnitogorsk Mehrwalzengeruest zur bearbeitung von metallen im bildsamen zustand
US4781051A (en) * 1985-04-16 1988-11-01 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Rolling mill stand with axially shiftable rolls
US20050279148A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Ilpo Koppinen Compact rolling mill and a method of producing a thin strip
US11794227B2 (en) * 2019-11-18 2023-10-24 Blue Solutions Canada Inc. Working roller for a rolling mill for laminating a sheet of alkali metal or alloy thereof into a film

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2150323B2 (de) * 1971-10-08 1975-01-23 Wsesojusnij Nautschno-Issledowatelskij I Projektno-Konstruktorskij Institut Metallurgitscheskowo Maschinostrojenija Moskau Walzgerüst mit Axialverstellung mindestens einer Walze
US3822081A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-07-02 Morgan Construction Co Axial roll adjustment means
DE2815777A1 (de) * 1977-04-28 1978-11-02 Stiftelsen Metallurg Forsk Walzwerk
US4202192A (en) * 1978-06-21 1980-05-13 Nippon Steel Corporation Apparatus for controlling the position of roll in the direction of the roll axis
GB2157605B (en) * 1984-04-19 1987-08-05 Davy Mckee Rolling of metal strip
AT392226B (de) * 1988-09-27 1991-02-25 Austria Metall Einstellsystem fuer die spaltweite von tragrollenpaaren im sogenannten doppelbandsystem
DE4126433A1 (de) * 1991-08-09 1993-02-11 Robert Fink Gmbh Dichtung fuer steckmuffen-rohrverbindungen
DE19940487C1 (de) * 1999-08-26 2001-02-08 Unimatec Praegewalzen Und Masc Vorrichtung zum Prägen einer Materialbahn

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124982A (en) * 1959-11-05 1964-03-17 Rolling mill and control system
US3394575A (en) * 1964-05-13 1968-07-30 United Eng Foundry Co Prestressed rolling mill
US3422655A (en) * 1964-05-13 1969-01-21 United Eng Foundry Co Prestressed rolling mill

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124982A (en) * 1959-11-05 1964-03-17 Rolling mill and control system
US3394575A (en) * 1964-05-13 1968-07-30 United Eng Foundry Co Prestressed rolling mill
US3422655A (en) * 1964-05-13 1969-01-21 United Eng Foundry Co Prestressed rolling mill

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834207A (en) * 1972-08-30 1974-09-10 Anaconda American Brass Co Method and apparatus for forming an accurately dimensioned metal strip having varying thickness
DE3103156A1 (de) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-12 Magnitogorskij Gorno-MetallurgiČeskij institut imeni G.I. Nosova, Magnitogorsk Mehrwalzengeruest zur bearbeitung von metallen im bildsamen zustand
US4781051A (en) * 1985-04-16 1988-11-01 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Rolling mill stand with axially shiftable rolls
US20050279148A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Ilpo Koppinen Compact rolling mill and a method of producing a thin strip
US7131307B2 (en) * 2004-06-17 2006-11-07 Outokumpu Oyj Compact rolling mill and a method of producing a thin strip
US11794227B2 (en) * 2019-11-18 2023-10-24 Blue Solutions Canada Inc. Working roller for a rolling mill for laminating a sheet of alkali metal or alloy thereof into a film

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1241279A (en) 1971-08-04
DE1918032A1 (de) 1969-10-23
FR1570660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-06-13
LU58405A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-18
BE731347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-09-15

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