US3591276A - Method and apparatus for offset xerographic reproduction - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for offset xerographic reproduction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3591276A
US3591276A US686930A US3591276DA US3591276A US 3591276 A US3591276 A US 3591276A US 686930 A US686930 A US 686930A US 3591276D A US3591276D A US 3591276DA US 3591276 A US3591276 A US 3591276A
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Prior art keywords
support material
image
powder
contact
powder image
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US686930A
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English (en)
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John F Byrne
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1605—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer using at least one intermediate support

Definitions

  • the elastomeric member is in the form of a belt while UNITED STATES PATENTS in another example of the invention the elastomeric member is 2,990,278 6/1961 Carlson .r 1 I 7/ l 7.5 (X) formed on a drum surface.
  • the paper support material may be 3,019,126 [/1962 Bartholomew...
  • This invention relates to method and apparatus for transferring a xerographic powder image from a rerogrsphic plate to a support material and, in particular, to method and apparatus for transferring a high percentage of the xerographic powder.
  • this invention relates to an improved method for transferring an extremely high percentage of a itcrographic powder image from a photoconductive surface to a support material to produce what is herein referred to as a quality image transfer.
  • a plate comprising a conductive baclting upon which is placed a photoconductive insulating material, is charged uniformly and the photoconductive surface then exposed to a light image.
  • the photoconductive coating becomes conductive under the influence of the light image so as to selectively dissipate the electrostatic charge found thereon to produce what is known as a latent image.
  • the latent image is developed by means of a variety of pigmented resins which have been specifically de eloped for this purpose.
  • the pigmented resins are electrostatically attracted to the latent image on the photoconductive surface in proportion to the amount of charge found thereon. Areas of small charge concentration become areas of low toner density while areas of greater charge concentration become proportionally more dense.
  • the conventional method of transferring a developed xerographic image from a photoconductive surface to a support material is by electrostatic attraction. That is, a high electrostatic force field is created at the scrographic transfer station having a magnitude capable of overcoming the forces holding the serographic powder image to the photoconductive surface.
  • Electrostatic transfer is, as attested to by its commercial acceptance, a highly satisfactory means of transferring a developed xerographic image. to a paper support material.
  • a corona generating device is positioned at the transfer station to impart an electrical charge to the paper support material of sufficient strength to attract toner particles from the photoconductor. The magnitude of the charge required to ef fect image transfer is dependent upon many variables.
  • Another object of this invention is to im rove fiitl:""'l an apparatus for effecting high-quality image transfer of a developed lerographic image.
  • a still further object of this invention is to transfer substantially all of: developed powder image from a photoconductivc surface to a final support material.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to reduce the amount of residual toner on a serographic plate after transfer.
  • FIG. I is a schematic sectional view of a conventional type of iterographic processing machine adapted to perform the two-step transfer method ofthe present invention
  • Fl(]. 2 is a schematic embodiment of the present invention in which a transfer blanket is shown in drum configuration
  • HO. 3 is another partial embodiment showing a conductive heating means at the final transfer station.
  • HO. 1 shows an automatic iterographic apparatus employing a photoconductive surface which is formed in drum configuration.
  • the drum to comprises a pholoconductive lightsensitive receiving surface H which is placed on a conductive backing ii.
  • the drum is mounted on shaft I3 journaled in a machine frame (not shown) so as to rotate in a clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow. Rotation of the drum causes the drum surface to sequentially pass a plurality of xerographic processing stations.
  • the drum is rotated at a constant rate through the action of synchronous drive motor H.
  • the several xerographic processing stations in the path of movement of the drum surface may be described functionally as follows:
  • a developing station 17 at which point, triboelectrically charged toner particles are brought into close proximity to the oppositely charged latent image found on the photoconduetive surface.
  • the oppositely charged toner particles are attracted to the charged areas on the drum surface thereby developing the latent image;
  • a drum-cleaning and discharge station 19 capable of removing residual toner particles found on the drum surface after transfer.
  • the charging apparatus located at station 15 may be of the type disclosed in Walltup US. Pat. No. 2,777,957, and includes a corona discharge array 20 of one or more corona discharge electrodes that extend transversely across the drum surface and are energized from a high-potential source (not shown) and are substantially enclosed in a shielding member IL
  • the drum which is being rotated past the charging station, is sprayed with sufficient charged ions to uniformly charge the drum surface at a relatively high poten tia .subscquent thereto in the path of motion of the zero drum. is exposure station 16.
  • This exposure station one of a number of types of mechanisms or the like :d to pltljCCl a light image of the copy onto the onductive surface.
  • An original document is placed on )f'. 22 and the transport is driven at synchronous speed re iterographic drum surface by means of motor 23.
  • a iurce 24 illuminates the original document and the light is transported through optical system 25 and placed on im system at scanning slit 26.
  • a pn'sm 9 reverses the and reflects it through the slit l6 onto drum If).
  • mom to the exposure station is developing station 17
  • ipcr housing 27 contains a lower sump portion 28 in an accumulation of developing material is housed.
  • a .-type conveyor 29, having a suitable driving means motor 30, is used to transport the developing material upper part of the developer housing where it is cascaded over a hopper chute onto the xerographic drum.
  • toner particles As the ping material is cascaded over the drum, toner particles :ctrostatically attracted from the carrier component of 'velopcr material to the drum surface to develop tht: image found thereon. Dcnudcd carrier particles flow the drum surface and are once again returned to the iper housing sump.
  • addi toncr particles may be supplied to the developer matcri roportion to the amount oftoncr deposited on the drum iis purpose there is provided a container Si by which 32. can be added to the developing material as needed, ner being added at a rate determined by control gate 33. er development, the image thus formed is transferred at n III, the operation of which will be explained in further below.
  • a drum-cleaning lischarge station where residual powder, if any, which ns on the itcrographicdrum after transfer is removed by ng brushes 35 driven by motor 37.
  • a conditioning run is positioned adjacent to the cleaning brushes which s the residual toner remaining on the drum with ions havcharge opposite to that of the residual toner.
  • This op :chargc tends to neutralize the residuum thereby making blc highly efficient drum cleaning.
  • leaning station as shown in this preferred embodiment, e eliminated in the present invention because ofthe elTr y ofthe transfer operation. sically, the transfer operation of the present invention is :d out in two distinct steps.
  • the itcrographic ler image is pressure transferred from a photoreceptor to nterrnediate blanket, the blanket being adapted to tanically remove a powder image from a xerographic
  • the transfer blanket is described in further detail below.
  • intermediate blanket is then transported to a final transfer )n located at any suitable distance from the plate surface.
  • use the toner powder is mechanically affixed to the blanthe distance in time and transit to the final support station no way restrictive. A wide flexibility in machine configun is thereby afforded by use of this intermediate transfer ket.
  • the final transfer step to a final support material is mplished by a heat transfer operation in which the xerohie powder is melted sufficiently to bond to the support :rial.
  • ie transfer blanket is constructed of a heat-resistive :rial having a resiliency such that the blanket is able to rm around iterographic powder particles making up a graphic image.
  • the blanket is biased into contact with an ;e-bcaring plate with sufficient force to cause defamation c blanket material.
  • the biasing force is then released and deformed blanket begins recovery.
  • complete vcry is prevented by the particulate material enfoldcd or :pped therein.
  • Sufficient holding force is exerted by the tent blanket material upon the powder particles to overe the heretofore mentioned mechanical and electrostatic :s holding them to the plate.
  • the powder image cnfoldcd ie blanket material is remo ed from the plate with the kct.
  • Blankets similar to the one herein described, have been made by casting a silicon: gum rubber on a soft metal substrate such as aluminum or brass to form an endless belt
  • Developed images having resolutions in the nature of 40 line pairs pcr millimeter have been transferred to the silicone blankets using a pressure of between S nd I0 lbs, per linear inch. It was found that about 95 percent image transfer was effected at transfer speed in excess of inches per second. lllankets having a hardness of between 15 and duromcters were tested under the above mentioned conditions with little noticeable effect on the quality of the transfer or the efl'icicm cy of the operation.
  • a gum rubber suitable for use as a transfer blanket material is manufactured by the General [ilectric Company under the trade name RTV-6l 5A
  • a pickof'f blanket 40 is shown positioned in the transfer station 18.
  • Blanket 40 acls as an intermediate support material to which a developed xerographic image is transferred from drum to during the first step of the two-step transfer operation.
  • a drive motor 43 acting through drive roller 44, moves the blanket at synchronous speeds with thc peripheral drum surface so that no relative motion exists between the two which could cause offsetting of the image during the initial transfer slcp.
  • any convenient belt-tensioning device can be employed to prevent belt slippage during the transfer operation.
  • the rollers are biased into contact with the drum by means of a pressure exerting element 45.
  • the pressurecxcrting element is housed within a casting 46 permanently affixed to the machine frame
  • the pressure-exerting clement comprises in regulating screw 47 positioned on shaft 48.
  • lly turning control knob 49, located at the end of shaft 48, the position of bifurcated member 50 can be adjusted to control the amount of force exerted upon the blanket.
  • Part of shaft 48 is surrounded by a compression spring 5
  • the final support material employed in the preferred embodiment is paper web 55.
  • Roll 56 supplies a continuous web of support material to a series of feed rollers 57 and 58, respectively.
  • the feed rollers guide the paper support mate rial into contact with the intermediate image bearing transfer blanket.
  • a pressure roller 59 which is also being driven at the same peripheral speed of the blanket, is mounted in close proximity to the blanket and is adapted to urge the paper sup port material into pressure contact therewith
  • the movement of the web material is synchronized with the movement of the blanket by means of drive motor 60 acting through pickup roll (it.
  • a heating unit ()1 Positioned adjacent to the point of contact between the support material and the transfer blanket.
  • the heating unit is positioned so that the web of support material is placed in thermal contact therewith prior to its contacting the imagobearing support blanket. Sufficient heat energy is transferred to the support material to cause the xerographic powder to melt or partially melt when brought into contact therewith.
  • heating unit 6! is of the o en type. it should be clear that any heating de ice capable of raising the temperature of the suppo t material to a level sufficicnt to effect transfer of a xerographic powder image can he so utilized.
  • the silicone rubber blanket is adhe sive by nature.
  • a paper support material it made of fibrous material to which heated toner particles wil readily bond.
  • a relatively small force normal to the blanke surface is all that is required to separate the heated scro graphic powder image from the adhesive blanket.
  • FIG. 2 is a modified embodiment of the present invention ir which the transfer blanket 40 is mounted in drum configura tion.
  • Drum is rotatably mounted in the machine frame no shown) and driven at the same peripheral speed as the xerographic drum ill.
  • the intermediate transfer drum is biased into contact with the xerographic drum thereby effecting a ressure transfer as previously described.
  • the image is next transported to a final transfer station '71.
  • the paper support is shown being guided through the final transfer station by means of guide rolls 57 and 58.
  • a roller 7l capable of being heated internally is positioned at the final transfer station and is mounted in close proximity to drum 70 so that a paper support 55 passing thcrebetween is pressed into contact with the transfer blanket 40.
  • a heater 80 comprising a heat-insulated enclosure 81 and a cuwcd heat transfer station 81, is shown positioned imrnediately below transfer blanket in the final transfer station.
  • the heat transfer surface 82 is made of a relatively smooth material having high thermal conductivity over which sup ort material can be readily advanced.
  • a heat source 83 is positioned internal the heater enclosure and is opcratively connected to control means (not shown) to maintain the heat transfer surface at a predetermined temperature levcl.
  • Blanket 40 is brought into close proximity with the heat transfer surface by means of rollers 84 and 85.
  • the web of support material 55 which is being guided over the heated platen surface by rollers 57 and 58, respectively, is force into close sliding contact with the curved platen surface by the transfer blanket.
  • Heat is conducted through the support material to the exposed portion of the xerographic powder image and trapped within the blanket material. Sufficient heat is transferred to the powder image to cause it to coalesce or adhere to the paper support material with sufficient strength so that image separation is effected when the paper is removed from contact with the blanket.
  • the two-step transfer operation of the present invention is extremely well suited to effect image transfer anywhere around the drum periphery.
  • the initial transfer step is shown taking place at the 6 o'clock posiion, it should be clear that the present apparatus is in no way so restricted. initial transfer at any drum position is quite feasible.
  • a further advantage of this transfer method is its capability of transporting a powder image to a remote final transfer station thereby enabling the paper handling equipment. fusing e uipment and the like to be conveniently located at some distance from the photoreceptlve surface. in other words, the present invention enables quality transfer to be performed at stations remote from a xerographlc drum or the like thereby giving a wide freedom of machine design heretofore unknown in the art.
  • said resilient member is comprised of a silicone gum rubber having a hardness rangin from about l5 to about 35 duromctcrs east on a flexible suh strate.
  • Apparatus for transferring a xerographic powder image 55 of toner particles from a'photoconductive plate to a a er support material and fixing the image thereon including a resilient member arranged to be placed in contact with the photoconduetive plate,
  • a paratus for transferring xerographic powder image om a rotating photoconduetive drum to a final support counsel] and fixing said powder image to the final support iatcrial including a resilient member being arranged to contact the photoconductive drum.
  • the apparatus of claim [0 including meant to raise the temperature of the final aupport material to a level whereby the powder image being transferred is fused to said support material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
US686930A 1967-11-30 1967-11-30 Method and apparatus for offset xerographic reproduction Expired - Lifetime US3591276A (en)

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DE (1) DE1811893C3 (de)
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Cited By (55)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3851964A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-12-03 Savin Business Machines Corp Contact transfer electrostatic copying apparatus
US3893761A (en) * 1972-11-02 1975-07-08 Itek Corp Electrophotographic toner transfer and fusing apparatus
US3923392A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-12-02 Itek Corp Electrophotographic copier
US3947113A (en) * 1975-01-20 1976-03-30 Itek Corporation Electrophotographic toner transfer apparatus
US3954332A (en) * 1975-01-10 1976-05-04 Xerox Corporation Reproduction machine with improved transfer roll
US3954333A (en) * 1975-01-10 1976-05-04 Xerox Corporation Transfer roll having means for monitoring and controlling the resistivity thereof
US4006050A (en) * 1974-02-11 1977-02-01 George M. Whiley Limited Method of manufacturing cards and other documents
US4015027A (en) * 1973-10-04 1977-03-29 Itek Corporation Electrophotographic toner transfer and fusing method
JPS5292730U (de) * 1976-12-02 1977-07-11
US4047946A (en) * 1974-07-26 1977-09-13 Addressograph Multigraph Corporation Duplicating process utilizing ion modulating means as the image generating source
US4073583A (en) * 1975-04-24 1978-02-14 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic heat and pressure transfer mechanism
USRE29632E (en) * 1965-10-11 1978-05-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic device
US4144808A (en) * 1976-06-16 1979-03-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic marking apparatus
US4289480A (en) * 1979-11-02 1981-09-15 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for heating thin surface layers
US4448872A (en) * 1979-02-22 1984-05-15 Delphax Systems Duplex imaging with pressure transfixing
US4453820A (en) * 1979-01-25 1984-06-12 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrostatographic apparatus
US4494858A (en) * 1983-04-28 1985-01-22 Xerox Corporation Geometric design reproducing apparatus
US4542978A (en) * 1980-07-21 1985-09-24 Konsihiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Image reproducing apparatus with high-speed transfer mechanism
US4891668A (en) * 1984-09-24 1990-01-02 Oce-Nederland B.V. Optical imaging system for a copying machine
EP0364855A1 (de) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-25 Océ-Nederland B.V. Verfahren und Gerät zum Übertragen eines Pulverbildes, bestehend aus elektrostatisch geladenem Entwicklerpulver von einem Bildaufzeichnungsträger zu einem Bildempfangsträger
WO1991003006A1 (en) * 1989-08-14 1991-03-07 Spectrum Sciences B.V. Image transfer apparatus and method
US5004891A (en) * 1989-04-14 1991-04-02 The Mead Corporation Two-stage method and apparatus for glossing a developer sheet
US5023038A (en) * 1989-09-11 1991-06-11 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for texturizing toner image bearing receiving sheets and product produced thereby
US5047808A (en) * 1989-02-06 1991-09-10 Spectrum Sciences B.V. Image transfer apparatus including a compliant transfer member
US5057875A (en) * 1989-01-27 1991-10-15 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus provided with an image bearing film and a movable transfixing station
US5087536A (en) * 1989-09-11 1992-02-11 Eastman Kodak Company Receiving sheet bearing a toner image embedded in a thermoplastic layer
US5089363A (en) * 1989-09-11 1992-02-18 Eastman Kodak Company Toner fixing method and apparatus and image bearing receiving sheet
US5110702A (en) * 1989-12-11 1992-05-05 Eastman Kodak Company Process for toned image transfer using a roller
US5112717A (en) * 1989-09-19 1992-05-12 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for treating toner image bearing receiving sheets
US5132743A (en) * 1990-06-29 1992-07-21 Olin Corporation Intermediate transfer surface and method of color printing
US5157238A (en) * 1988-09-08 1992-10-20 Spectrum Sciences, B.V. Fusing apparatus and method
US5158846A (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-10-27 Olin Corporation Electrostatic color printing system utilizing an image transfer belt
US5208638A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-05-04 Olin Corporation Intermediate transfer surface and method of color printing
US5249949A (en) * 1989-09-11 1993-10-05 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for texturizing toner image bearing receiving sheets
US5298956A (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-03-29 Xerox Corporation Reinforced seamless intermediate transfer member
US5302808A (en) * 1990-04-26 1994-04-12 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Thermal fixing apparatus and a heater therefor
US5353105A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-10-04 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for imaging on a heated intermediate member
US5355204A (en) * 1990-02-09 1994-10-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image fixing apparatus without crease of fixing film
EP0672967A2 (de) 1988-10-04 1995-09-20 Indigo N.V. Verfahren und Gerät zur Bildformung unter Verwendung eines Zwischenübertragungselementes
US5493373A (en) * 1993-05-03 1996-02-20 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for imaging on a heated intermediate member
US5525446A (en) * 1992-10-16 1996-06-11 Xerox Corporation Intermediate transfer member of thermoplastic film forming polymer layer laminated onto a base layer
US5555185A (en) * 1988-09-08 1996-09-10 Indigo N.V. Method and apparatus for imaging using an intermediate transfer member
US5572274A (en) * 1989-01-04 1996-11-05 Indigo N.V. Liquid developer imaging system and method utilizing an intermediate transfer member
EP0743572A1 (de) * 1995-05-15 1996-11-20 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Vorrichtung für direktes elektrostatisches Drucken (DEP) mit einem Zwischenbildträger
US5592269A (en) * 1993-03-26 1997-01-07 Indigo N.V. Imaging system having an intermediate transfer member
US5636349A (en) * 1988-09-08 1997-06-03 Indigo N.V. Method and apparatus for imaging using an intermediate transfer member
US5745829A (en) * 1989-01-04 1998-04-28 Indigo N.V. Imaging apparatus and intermediate transfer blanket therefor
US5815783A (en) * 1989-12-06 1998-09-29 Indigo N.V. Method and apparatus for printing on both sides of a substrate
US6070042A (en) * 1989-02-06 2000-05-30 Indigo N.V. Image transfer apparatus incorporating an integral heater
EP1378801A1 (de) * 2001-04-03 2004-01-07 Pfu Limited Transfer-/fixiersystem eines elektrofotografischen flüssigkeits-entwicklungssystems
US6865362B2 (en) * 2001-03-12 2005-03-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Heater having metallic substrate and image heating apparatus using heater
US20070281224A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 Kerry Arthur Kirk Scratch-off document and method for producing same
US20080011177A1 (en) * 2004-08-04 2008-01-17 Shuhou Co., Ltd. Method of Printing Curved Surface and Curved Surface Body Printed by Using Same
US20080202370A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2008-08-28 Kouji Muraoka Printing Method on Curved Surface and Curved Surface Body Printed by that Method
US7495162B1 (en) 2005-07-20 2009-02-24 Kevin Pokallus Process for producing and applying a laser heat transfer capable of printing on flat, cylindrical, curved, and irregularly shaped objects

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JPS5023234A (de) * 1973-06-28 1975-03-12
JPS5741673A (en) * 1980-08-25 1982-03-08 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Copying device
JPS5828754A (ja) * 1981-08-14 1983-02-19 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd 転写式記録装置
DE3136659A1 (de) * 1981-09-16 1983-03-24 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vorrichtung fuer die tonerbilduebertragung
JPS58126544A (ja) * 1981-12-23 1983-07-28 Toshiba Corp 画像形成装置におけるコロナ放電装置
EP0099140B1 (de) * 1982-06-17 1987-08-26 Océ-Nederland B.V. Entwicklungspulver und Verfahren zur Herstellung fixierter Bilder mittels dieses Entwicklungspulvers
US4927727A (en) * 1988-08-09 1990-05-22 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally assisted transfer of small electrostatographic toner particles
NL8803064A (nl) * 1988-12-15 1990-07-02 Oce Nederland Bv Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vormen van een meerkleurenbeeld.

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US3094909A (en) * 1958-05-29 1963-06-25 Szekeres Janos Reproduction apparatus
US3197324A (en) * 1958-10-22 1965-07-27 Internat Protected Metals Inc Coating continuous material
US3019126A (en) * 1959-03-24 1962-01-30 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for coating metal strip and wire
US3267840A (en) * 1962-11-27 1966-08-23 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Powder image transfer system
US3320061A (en) * 1963-06-24 1967-05-16 Xerox Corp Masking by total internal reflection for image reproduction and display
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US3374769A (en) * 1965-12-06 1968-03-26 Xerox Corp Toner fusing apparatus
US3506347A (en) * 1967-10-19 1970-04-14 Xerox Corp Duplex xerographic reproduction apparatus

Cited By (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE29632E (en) * 1965-10-11 1978-05-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic device
US3851964A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-12-03 Savin Business Machines Corp Contact transfer electrostatic copying apparatus
US3893761A (en) * 1972-11-02 1975-07-08 Itek Corp Electrophotographic toner transfer and fusing apparatus
US4015027A (en) * 1973-10-04 1977-03-29 Itek Corporation Electrophotographic toner transfer and fusing method
US3923392A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-12-02 Itek Corp Electrophotographic copier
US4006050A (en) * 1974-02-11 1977-02-01 George M. Whiley Limited Method of manufacturing cards and other documents
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1811893C3 (de) 1983-12-22
DE1811893B2 (de) 1977-05-18
DE1811893A1 (de) 1969-07-10
GB1245426A (en) 1971-09-08

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