US3574621A - Process for the development of photographic silver images in acid medium 1,4-diazine - Google Patents

Process for the development of photographic silver images in acid medium 1,4-diazine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3574621A
US3574621A US718927A US3574621DA US3574621A US 3574621 A US3574621 A US 3574621A US 718927 A US718927 A US 718927A US 3574621D A US3574621D A US 3574621DA US 3574621 A US3574621 A US 3574621A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silver
development
solution
reduction
diazine
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Expired - Lifetime
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US718927A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinrich Schaller
Matthias Schellenberg
Ernst Schumacher
Rolf Steiger
Reinhard Steinmetz
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BASF Schweiz AG
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Ciba AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
    • G03C5/30—Developers
    • G03C5/3028—Heterocyclic compounds

Definitions

  • metal ions for example Fe, Ti or V are capable of reducing silver ions to silver.
  • Such developers have however not attained any practical significance, since the normal potentials of these systems (for example Fe Fe are too positive and therefore the reduction comes to a stop even at low concentrations of oxidized metal ions (for example Fe). Whilst the redox potential can be lowered by adding suitable complex-forming agents, the action of the metal ion developers is generally weak, that is to say their sensitivity utilisation is low, and they are more of historical and theoretical significance.
  • n denotes an integer and a and a each denotes a hydroxyl groups or a primary to tertiary amino group. More details about the developer substances may be found in the book by Mees, The Theory of the Photographic Process, 3rd edition, 1966, pages 278 to 311.
  • This invention is based on the completely surprising observation that a large class of organic compounds is excellently suitable for the development of photographic silver images in an acid medium.
  • the subject of this invention is accordingly a process for the development of photographic silver images from silver salts in which the silver is liberated from the silver salts in an acid medium in the presence of reduction products of 1,4-diazine compounds which have at most been reduced to the dihydro stage.
  • diazine compounds are those which contain at least one ring of formula (III) N but which apart from this may be substituted at the ring carbon atoms as desired, especially also by further condensed ring systems.
  • these compounds to be used as reducing agents must themselves be in a reduced state relative to the diazine.
  • This state may be in equilibrium anywhere between the diazine and the dihydro stage and in a borderline case it is also possible, at least at the beginning of the development process, for practically the whole quantity of reducing agent to be present as dihydro compound.
  • the reduction products of the diazines may occur as protonisation products. Accordingly, the monovalent or divalent reduction products of the 1,4-diazine compound are suitable for the development in accordance with the present process.
  • the divalent reaction stages or dihydro compounds (IV) are mostly protonised in an acid medium, whilst the monovalent reaction stage represents a radical which in general is present in the protonised form up to high pH-values.
  • R Substituent, for example -CH .R: Substituent, for example Details of such redox and protonisation processes are extensively explained in the book by W. M. Clark, Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Organic Systems, 1960, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
  • the reducing agents for the reduction of the silver salts to the reduction medium in the form of the dihydro compounds, since the dihydro compounds can easily be manufactured from the corresponding diazines, for example by catalytic reduction, by reduction with suitable reducing agents for example Cr compounds or sodium dithionite, by electrolytic reduction or with the aid of electron exchangers.
  • the dihydrodiazine compounds are directly obtainable by ring closure.
  • the radical stage forms from the dihydro stage and the corresponding diazine at a certain equilibrium concentration, with the maximum concentration of radical depending on the difference of the two redox potentials E E
  • the radical can be easily detected by electron spin resonance spectra.
  • the present process may be carried out for example between the diazine and monohydro stage or between the monohydro and dihydro stage.
  • reduction products of any desired compounds which contain the ring of Formula III at least once can be used in the present process, for example the monovalent or divalent reduction products of pyrazines, quinoxalines and phenazines, and/ or their protonisation products.
  • R1 ⁇ N R3 (quinoxalines) phenyl residue or a heterocyclic residue
  • R and R may be different or preferably identical with one another.
  • the carbocyclic 6-membered rings of Formulae V, VI and VII formedby R and R together with two carbon atoms of the diazine ring may contain further substituents for example methyl or methoxy groups or halogen atoms or may preferably be free from such substituents.
  • diazines whose reduction products of the type mentioned may be used in the present process are as follows:
  • the present process is preferably carried out in aqueous medium which has been rendered acid with a suitable acid or a buffer mixture, advantageously to a pH-value of between 0 and 4.
  • a suitable acid or a buffer mixture advantageously to a pH-value of between 0 and 4.
  • the speed of development and the gradation may be varied within Wide limits as a function of the pH-value.
  • acids and buffer substances the following may be mentioned: aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, which may also contain substitutents for example chlorine, bromine and iodine atoms, hydroxyl, nitro, amino or acylamino groups, and also aliphatic or aromatic sulphonic acids, phosphoric acids, ammonium ions for example NH or NH alkyl HSO4 HF/HCl, HBr, HCl-O4, H CO H3PO4, H2804, HSO3 S02,
  • the developers are preferably employed in the form of aqueous solutions.
  • the requisite reduction stage of the diazine compound may also be produced directly in the developing solution, for example by mixing the components, by electrolytic reduction of the diazine compound or may be produced in other ways from stable derivatives of the developer substances.
  • the developers may also be caused to act on the silver salt by impregnating an absorbent strip with the solutions or by incorporating them in suspension or droplets of a high-boiling crystalloid solvent or in capsules of the light-sensitive layer or of an adjacent layer which can be broken open by pressure or change of pH, or by disposing them in containers which can be torn open between the layers of film packs for the diffusion transfer process.
  • the temperature range for development may also be varied within wide limits.
  • the developer solution may also contain reduction products of a mixture of two or more diazines of the type mentioned or other reducing or oxidising substances for setting up the desired redox equilibrium.
  • a certain quantity of diazine may be added, particularly to a developer which has been freshly charged with a dihydrodiazine, in order to have the radical monohydrodiazine, which under certain circumstances is particularly desirable, already available at the beginning of the development.
  • the developer solution may contain silver halide solvents for example bromide ions, thiocyanate ions or thiourea at a suitable concentration.
  • Haze preventatives for example benzotriazole or phenylmercaptotetrazole may also be added.
  • Hardeners for gelatine, toning substances for producing a bluish black silver image and surface-active substances for uniform wetting may also be added to the developer solution.
  • the developer solutions to be used in accordance with the invention are suitable for the development of any desired silver halide emulsion, for example emulsions of silver chloride, silver bromide, silver chlorobromide or silver bromoiodide.
  • the emulsions furthermore may contain in the usual layer-forming agents, preferably in gelatine, the usual additives for example sensitisers and surface-active substances and can be sensitive to the most diverse radiation of corpuscular and electromagnetic nature.
  • Silver salts vaporised onto a substrate and free from binders may also be developed in accordance with the invention.
  • development is here generally to be understood to mean the reduction of silver salts in layer materials, that is to say not only the selective reduction of silver halide crystals which have been exposed image- Wise, but also the reduction of silver salts in layers which have been exposed to diffuse light and the reduction of silver salts Which can be developed Without exposure to light, for example rehalogenated silver or silver salt with haze nuclei, which are present for example in chemically hazed emulsions.
  • the second development in the reversal process, the physical development in the metal diazo process or the reduction of dissolved silver salts in the positive layer of the silver salt transfer process, Where silver salts are reduced in contact with colloidal metal or sulphide may be carried out according to the present reduction process.
  • Mono-baths for the so-called stabilisation process may also be employed in accordance with the invention.
  • the process is advantageous for surface development by direct positive methods which depend on the principle of a latent internal image; such methods are for example described in U.S.A. patent specifications Nos. 2,456,953 and 2,479,875 and in Dutch patent applications Nos. 66.05890 and 66.05891.
  • the developer solutions of the invention are at the same time suitable for the reduction of azo dyestufis which are used as image dyestuffs in the silver colour bleaching process.
  • suitable reduction conduitions it is possible, in a layer which in addition to silver halide simultaneously contains a reducible azo dyestulf, preferentally to reduce the silver halide in the exposed areas whilst the dyestuif is reduced in the unexposed areas. In this way a corrected dyestulf image is produced alongside the silver image.
  • other reducible substances for example diazonium salts, nitro compounds or quinones can also be reduced imagewise in the unexposed areas.
  • the first development may be carried out in ac cordance with the invention in an acid medium using the reducing 1,4-diazine compounds and the chromogenic development may be carried out according to known methods.
  • Other novel effects may be achieved by combining layer colloids having different swelling and diffusion characteristics depending on the pH-value or by using filter cover layers which are only soluble in an alkaline medium, which after the acid first development still retain their optical effectiveness and are only dissolved off in a later process stage.
  • EXAMPLE 3 2.60 g. of quinoxaline are dissolved in ml. of ethanol and 900 ml. of 0.1 N sulphuric acid. The solution is hydrogenated using palladium charcoal as catalyst until 0.02 mol of hydrogen has been taken up.
  • the solution is also suitable for the development of other photographic materials containing silver halide, for example commercially available copying papers, enlargement papers, diapositive films and the like.
  • EXAMPLE 4 0.01 mol of 2-methyl-3-acetylquinoxa1ine is dissolved in 500 ml. of dimethylformamide and hydrogenated with palladium charcoal as catalyst until 0.01 mol of hydrogen has been taken up. The palladium charcoal is filtered off and the filtrate is added to 500 ml. of 0.2 N sulphuric acid.
  • Example 3 Thereafter a photographic negative film is exposed, developed and fixed as described in Example 3 and a similar result is obtained. Other photographic materials as mentioned in Example 3 may also be developed with this solution.
  • EXAMPLE 5 0.01 mol of compound (45) is dissolved in 500 ml. of glacial acetic acid and hydrogenated using platinum oxide as the catalyst until 0.01 mol of hydrogen has been taken up. A photographic negative film is then exposed, developed and fixed exactly as described in Example 3. A similar result is obtained. Other photographic materials as mentioned in Example 3 may also be developed with this solution.
  • EXAMPLE 6 EXAMPLE 7 The procedure of Example 6 is followed but a developing bath of the following composition is used: 4.0 g. of 2-methyl-3-acetyldihydroquinoxaline and 1,000 ml. of 0.1 N sulphuric acid.
  • EXAMPLE 8 1 g. of potassium thiocyanate is dissolved in developer solution (a) described in Example 6, and 0.5 g. of potassium bromide is dissolved in developer solution (b).
  • EXAMPLE 9 The developer solution (b) mentioned in Example 6 is manufactured from phenazine by reduction with sodium dithionite (E. Tom-arofl, Annales de Chimie 13, 124 [1956]).
  • EXAMPLE 11 1,000 g. of a silver bromide-silver iodide emulsion consisting of 96 mol percent of AgBr and 4 mol percent of AgI and containing 35 g. of Ag are mixed with a solution of 35 g. of 3-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline in acetone. The dihydroquinoxaline precipitates in a finely dispersed form. After adding the usual casting additives for example wetting agents and hardens the silver halide emulsion is applied to a transparent triacetate film substrate. Amount of silver applied: 4 g. Ag. mf
  • the film manufactured in this way is exposed behind a grey wedge.
  • the film is bathed for 5 minutes at 24 C. in a solution of 100 ml. of dimethylformamide in 900 ml. of 0.1 N sulphuric acid, briefly rinsed with water and then fixed in the usual manner. A negative image of the grey wedge used for the exposure is obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 12 A solution of the following composition is prepared: 2.48 g. of reduced pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (as in Example 1) 100 ml. of ethanol, 60 ml. of 100% acetic acid, 82 g. of anhydrous sodium acetate and 900 ml. of water.
  • the pH-value of the bath is 4.7.
  • EXAMPLE 13 An emulsion layer sensitised to red light and containing per 1 m? of layer support, 1.5 g. of silver in the form of silver bromo-iodide (96 mol percent of AgBr and 4 mol percent of Ag) and 0.2 g. of the bluish-green dyestufi of used and 200 mg. of phenylmercaptotetrazole are dissolved therein.
  • the Britton-Robinson buffer solution consists of a solution which contains 0.04 M each of phosphoric acid, boric acid and acetic acid and which has been adjusted to the desired pH-value with 0.2 N sodium hydroxide solution.
  • a commercially available photographic negative film is developed in the solution described in the first paragraph for 10 minutes at 24 C.
  • the results are similar to those obtained when development is carried out according to Example 4, but the haze is somewhat greater.
  • 3 g. of dihydrophenazine may be used in 100 ml. of ethanol and 900 ml. of buffer solution.
  • the dihydrophenazine is is exposed to red light behind a grey wedge.
  • the exposed layer is treated for 4 minutes at 20 C. in a solution (a) of the following composition: 6 g. of 2-methyl-3-acetyldihydroquinoxaline, 500 ml. of 0.1 M potassium hydrogen phthalate and 495 ml. of 0.1 N sulphuric acid (pH-value of the solution: 2.20)
  • the exposed layer may also be treated with solution (b): 1 g. of 3-phenyl-1,2- dihydroquinoxaline, 1 g. of 2-methyl-3-acetylquinoxaline, 200 ml. of dimethylformamide, 300 ml. of 0.1 N potassium hydro-gen phthalate solution and 500 ml. of 0.1 N sulphuric acid (pH-value of the solution: 2.0 to 2.1
  • the layer After a brief soaking the layer is treated for 5 minutes with a silver bleaching bath of the following composition: 25 g. of CuSO -5H O, 30 g. of KBr, ml. of 37% HCl and 1,000 m1. of water, and thereafter fixed with a thiosulphate solution in the usual manner. A bluish-green colour image of the grey wedge used for the exposure is then obtained which is negative relative to the original.
  • a silver bleaching bath of the following composition: 25 g. of CuSO -5H O, 30 g. of KBr, ml. of 37% HCl and 1,000 m1. of water, and thereafter fixed with a thiosulphate solution in the usual manner.
  • a bluish-green colour image of the grey wedge used for the exposure is then obtained which is negative relative to the original.
  • EXAMPLE 14 35 g. of gelatine are dissolved in 500 ml. of water at 40 C. and to this solution are added 10 mg. of commercial colloid-silver dissolved in 20 ml. of water, 10 ml. of an alcoholic solution of 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole 15 (1%) and 3 m1. of formaldehyde solution (10%). The solution is applied in a thin layer to a baryta paper, dried and used as the image-receiving layer for producing an image according to the silver salt diffusion process.
  • a text original is exposed onto a commercially available negative paper for the silver salt diffusion process, predominantly containing silver chloride.
  • the exposed negative paper together with the receiving layer is passed through a roller development apparatus of the type used in the silver salt diffusion process, the development apparatus being filled with a developer of the following composition: 0.1 mol of 2-methyl-3-dihydroquinoxaline, 500 ml. of dimethylformamide, 500' ml. of 0.2 N sulphuric acid and 0.4 g. of thiourea.
  • a process for the development of a photographic silver image from a silver salt which comprises liberating the silver from the silver salt in an acid medium in the presence of a reduction product of a 1,4-diazine compound which has at most been reduced to the dihydro stage.
  • a process for the development of a photographic silver image from a silver salt as claimed in claim 1, which comprises liberating the silver from the silver salt in an acid medium in the presence of a reduction product of a diazine compound of the formula 16 in which n, p and q each denotes an integer having a value of at most 3, and r 6-p--q.
  • a process for the development of a photographic silver image from a silver salt as claimed in claim 1, which comprises liberating the silver from a silver halide which is distributed in a photographic layer and is exposed image-wise by reduction in an acid medium having a pH-value of at most 4 in the presence of a reduction product of a 1,4-diazine compound which has at most been reduced to the dihydro stage.
  • a process for the development of a photographic silver image from a silver salt which comprises liberating the silver from a silver halide which is distributed in a photographic layer and is exposed image-wise by reduction in an acid medium in the presence of a reduction product of a 1,4-diazine compound lying between the monohydro stage and the dihydro stage.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US718927A 1967-04-20 1968-04-04 Process for the development of photographic silver images in acid medium 1,4-diazine Expired - Lifetime US3574621A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH565567A CH484454A (de) 1967-04-20 1967-04-20 Verfahren zur Entwicklung photographischer Silberbilder

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US3574621A true US3574621A (en) 1971-04-13

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US718927A Expired - Lifetime US3574621A (en) 1967-04-20 1968-04-04 Process for the development of photographic silver images in acid medium 1,4-diazine

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US (1) US3574621A (en:Method)
AT (1) AT285320B (en:Method)
BE (1) BE713975A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH484454A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1772123C2 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1565800A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1183176A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL162488C (en:Method)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3718469A (en) * 1969-10-17 1973-02-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Making of a photographic image
US4172723A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-10-30 De Luxe General, Incorporated Auxiliary developer processing
US4243745A (en) * 1978-05-25 1981-01-06 Ciba-Geigy Ag Electrolytic production of active diazine species
US4269928A (en) * 1978-02-28 1981-05-26 Ciba-Geigy Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of photographic images by dye diffusion transfer and photographic material suitable in this process
US4420551A (en) * 1983-01-31 1983-12-13 Polaroid Corporation Novel benzotriazine developers and photographic product and method

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7810745A (nl) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-02 Ciba Geigy Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van fotografische beelden.
IT1106238B (it) * 1977-10-28 1985-11-11 Ciba Geigy Ag Procedimento e materiale per produrre immagini fotofrafiche
DE3721739A1 (de) * 1987-07-01 1989-01-12 Igor Groza Digitalaufnahmekassette

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT236226B (de) * 1961-01-20 1964-10-12 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Verfahren zur Entwicklung einer belichteten photographischen Halogensilberemulsionsschicht

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3718469A (en) * 1969-10-17 1973-02-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Making of a photographic image
US4172723A (en) * 1977-07-20 1979-10-30 De Luxe General, Incorporated Auxiliary developer processing
US4269928A (en) * 1978-02-28 1981-05-26 Ciba-Geigy Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of photographic images by dye diffusion transfer and photographic material suitable in this process
US4243745A (en) * 1978-05-25 1981-01-06 Ciba-Geigy Ag Electrolytic production of active diazine species
US4420551A (en) * 1983-01-31 1983-12-13 Polaroid Corporation Novel benzotriazine developers and photographic product and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH484454A (de) 1970-01-15
NL162488B (nl) 1979-12-17
DE1772123A1 (de) 1971-02-18
GB1183176A (en) 1970-03-04
NL162488C (nl) 1980-05-16
FR1565800A (en:Method) 1969-05-02
BE713975A (en:Method) 1968-10-21
DE1772123C2 (de) 1982-09-23
NL6805576A (en:Method) 1968-10-21
AT285320B (de) 1970-10-27

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