US3569656A - Automatic cooking cycle control system for microwave ovens - Google Patents

Automatic cooking cycle control system for microwave ovens Download PDF

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Publication number
US3569656A
US3569656A US844364A US3569656DA US3569656A US 3569656 A US3569656 A US 3569656A US 844364 A US844364 A US 844364A US 3569656D A US3569656D A US 3569656DA US 3569656 A US3569656 A US 3569656A
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United States
Prior art keywords
oven
energy
control means
programming
introducing
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Expired - Lifetime
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US844364A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward A White
Arthur Parnes
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Sunbeam Corp
Bowmar TIC Inc
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Bowmar TIC Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/72—Radiators or antennas
    • H05B6/725—Rotatable antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/6447—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors
    • H05B6/645—Method of operation or details of the microwave heating apparatus related to the use of detectors or sensors using temperature sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
    • H05B6/6482—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with radiant heating, e.g. infrared heating

Definitions

  • Cl H05b 9/06, k selectively operates the magnetron and one or bothv H05b heaters in the sequence determined by the programming con- [50] Field of Search 219/ 10.55 01
  • Program input apparatus is illustrated which includes pushbuttons and a card data reader for selecting different pro- [56]
  • References C'ted grams, and sequence control networks with timing and relay NI E STATES PATENTS networks are illustrated for automatically cycling the 3,028,472 4/1962 Baird 2l9/10.55 microwave energy and thermal heating on and off for each 3,031,558 4/1962 Euler 200/46 program selected.
  • the prior art includes microwave ovens which have means to select different microwave cooking times for different types of foods.
  • One type of selector is a dial which is calibrated in terms of minutes and/or seconds.
  • Another is a series of pushbuttons which have food-type designations, e.g., one pushbutton for pastries, another for vegetables, and so on.
  • microwave energy is continuously injected into the oven cavity for the period of time that is selected. It is not possible at any setting to provide a cycle of spaced periods of microwave energy as needed or desired for various foods.
  • microwave ovens as heretofore known do not permit cycling of microwave energy, or of microwave energy in conjunction with thermal energy, except by setting and resetting dials and pushbuttons in accordance with charts of detailed instructions, or by trial and error.
  • This invention embraces a microwave oven with programming and control means for automatically controlling the sequence and durations of application of microwave energ and thermal energy to foodstuffs in the oven.
  • FIG. 1 is a combined schematic and block diagram of an oven and a system of our invention forautomatically controlling the introduction of microwave and/or thermal energy into the oven cavity;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a microwave oven with pushbutton controls and time-selector dial included in the program input apparatus of the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a combined schematic and block diagram illustrating program input apparatus and a sequence control network for the oven of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4a-4d are graphs illustrating different cycles pro- I grammed into the oven of FIG. 2; I
  • FIG. 5 is a block'diagram of program input apparatus in the form of acard data reader, and of timing and relay networks programmed to control the times and sequences of introduc 'tion of conventional heat and microwave energy into an oven;
  • an oven cavity 10 is shown in which electri heater elements 12, 14 are located, such elements being dapted for connection to a current source 16 via a switching network 18 so that one or both of the elements can be heated.
  • antenna elements 20, 22 which are connected to output probes 24, 26 from a waveguide feed 28.
  • a magnetron 30 is shown with its input probe positioned to introduce microwave energy into the feed 28 for driving the antenna elements 20, 22 for radiating microwave energy throughout the cavity 10.
  • a microwave power control network 32 is shown coupled to the magnetron, and may include level control means for selectively effecting operation of the magnetron at one or the other of two energy levels, e.g., at full power or half power.
  • level control means for selectively effecting operation of the magnetron at one or the other of two energy levels, e.g., at full power or half power.
  • a preferred means for controlling the operating power level of a magnetron is disclosed in the copending application of Helmut Boehm, entitled Transformer Power Supply for Microwave Generators", Ser. No. 810,671, filed Mar. 26, 1969, and includes switching means in a split primary circuit of the power transformer for connecting one or a pair of secondary circuits to the anode of the magnetron.
  • the heater switching network 18 and microwave power control network 32 are operated from a sequence control network 40.
  • the sequence control network 40 includes suitable timing and relay means to operate the switching network 18 and control network 34 for selectively energizing the heater elements 12, 14 and driving the antenna elements 20, 22 in a predetermined sequence. Operation of the control network 40 is programmed in accordance withthe operation of program input apparatus 42.
  • the program input apparatus 42 includes any suitable means for establishing within the control network 40 desired sequences for the introduction of conventional heat and microwave energy into the cavity 10 and for selecting total cycle time.
  • a microwave oven 44 has a number of pushbuttons 45-49, each designated for a particular cooking operation, here illustrated as warm, bake, roast, crisp, and broil.”
  • each pushbutton when depressed sets up a different cycle within the control network 40 for the introduction of microwave and/or thermal energy into the oven cavity for predetermined fractions of the cycle.
  • a rotatable knob 50 is provided as a time selector, with which to select the total time for any given cycle depending upon the quantity of food placed in the oven.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the sequence control network 40 as including a timing network 52, relay circuits 54 connected between the timing network 52 and the heater switching network, and relay circuits 56 connected between the timing network and the microwave power control network.
  • Each of the pushbuttons 45-49 may, for example, operate respective timers in network 52 for controlling relay circuits 54 to operate the heater switching network so as to connect one or both of the heater elements to the current source, and for controlling relay circuits 56 to operate the microwave power control network for establishing operation of the magnetron at desired power levels.
  • the timers may be motor driven switching devices operable through respective relay paths to effect the desired operations, and the time selector 50 may be adapted to vary the speeds of the timing motors and thereby select cycle duration for a given type or quantity of food.
  • FIGS. 4a4d are graphs which are illustrative of respective programs which are set up by operation of switch buttons 45- 48.
  • the warm cycle illustrated in FIG. 4a is set up by pressing pushbutton 45, and is one which is suitable for warming cooked foods and for thawing frozen foods.
  • the sequence of operations set up in the timing network 52 and relay circuits 54 is one in which the oven temperature is initially raised to a predetermined level, illustrated as 150 F., such temperature being sensed by a suitable sensor in the oven.
  • a thermostat 58 for this purpose is shown connected to the heater switching network 18 and sequence con .trol network 40.
  • the thermostat may be connected to the timing network 52, which is suitably adapted, e.g., as through self-holding relay means, to switch the timing devices into operation when the oven temperature reaches 150F.
  • the timing network 52 which is suitably adapted, e.g., as through self-holding relay means, to switch the timing devices into operation when the oven temperature reaches 150F.
  • the heater switching network I8 is operated in one example so that only one of the heaters 12, 14 is connected to the current source 16.
  • the microwave power control network Upon the temperature'of the oven reaching 150 F., the microwave power control network is operated so that microwave energy from the magnetron 30 is introduced into the oven for predetermined periods at spaced intervals. In FIG. 40, each such period is shown to be two-tenths of the selected cycle time, and the intervals between such periods are shown to be two-tenths of the selected time.
  • the associated timing devices and relay circuits operate the microwave power control network so that the magnetron operates at half power.
  • the filament transformer of the magnetron power supply may be left on, or it may be disconnected during generation of microwave energy and reconnected during the intervals between such periods, whereby to insure proper cathode temperature whenever the power transformer is coupled to the anode.
  • thermal energy is introduced into the oven for predetermined periods at spaced intervals.
  • the heater switching network is controlled so that the heater is connected to the current source for respective periods of one-twentieth of the cycle time, with adjacent periods being spaced by an interval of one-tenth of the cycle time.
  • each type of energy to which frozen food is subjected is applied for short periods of time spaced by rest" periods during which there is opportunity for heat generated within the body of the food to equalize.
  • cycle time By appropriate selection of cycle time, all ice crystals are melted so that the food is completely thawed at the end ofthe cycle.
  • a conventional alarm 58 is operated at the end of any selected cycle time to notify the operator that the cycle is terminated.
  • the alarm signifies that the food can be removed and served.
  • the alarm signifies that the food has been thawed, in which case the warm button can again be pressed to renew the cycle, at the end of which the alarm signifies that the food can be removed and served.
  • the alarm signifies that the food is thawed, and is ready to be cooked, as by pressing the bake button to bake a cake, or pressing the roast" button or broil button to cook meat, etc.
  • the timing and relay means in different examples alternately and simultaneously connect both heater elements to the current source for shorter periods and with greater intervals between periods, with the cycle time selected so that the desired warming or thawing is achieved thereby.
  • the microwave power control network may be controlled so that the magnetron operates at full power for shorter periods and with greater intervals between periods to achieve the desired warming or thawing.
  • Warming or thawing of foods in accomplished quickly with our invention For example, by pulsing the heater element or elements on for lO-second periods at intervals of 20 seconds, and operating the magnetron for 5-second periods at intervals of 25seconds, an uncooked portion of frozen meat is satisfactorily thawed in 3 minutes.
  • Such operations of the heater element or elements are preferably at greater intervals, e.g., 2 minutes, continued for a cycle time of 15 minutes in which each heater element is energized for a lO-second period during the interval that the other is not energized.
  • the magnetron is operated for longer periods, e.g., 10 seconds at intervals of 50 seconds, for a cycle time of 7 minutes.
  • the bake cycle illustrated in FIG. 4b which is initiated by presenting pushbutton 46, is one in which thermal energy is introduced into the oven cavity to raise the oven temperature to a predetermined level, indicated at a range of 320350 F., and to maintain it within such range.
  • a separate temperature sensor for this purpose is connected to the sequence control network 40 to initiate the bake" cycle.
  • the timing network and associated relay circuits control the microwave power control network so that the magnetron operates throughout the last half of the cycle.
  • the program is one in which the oven temperature is raised to and maintained at a higher level, indicated in the range 375400 F., and wherein microwave energy is introduced into the oven during the last seven-tenths of the cycle.
  • the program is again one in which thermal energy is introduced throughout the cycle, which begins when the oven temperature reaches a still higher level, indicated in the range 450- 475 F., but wherein microwave energy is introduced into the oven cavity during the first seven-tenths of the cycle, i.e., immediately upon the oven temperature reaching the desired level.
  • the program input apparatus may include a card data reader 42' which is adapted to supply information signals or pulses to timing and relay networks 66, 68 that are connected to the current control network and magnetron power control network.
  • the card data reader 42 may take any of various forms, depending upon the type of card employed and the manner in which recording data is recorded on the card.
  • Examples are magnetic card readers for magnetic cards, electrical or photoelectrical readers for punched cards, and readers for sensing embossments on a card that are positioned and dimensioned in accordance with desired microwave and/or thermal heating periods. Still further, our invention embraces, the use of any suitable means for effecting the desired time sequencing, whether electrical, electromechanical or pneumatic. For electrical time delay means, our invention extends to the use of integrated circuits and the use of digital techniques with which to obtain time interval adjustments.
  • 3,320,396 of Helmut Boehm, entitled Electronic Oven is sued May 16, 1967, and which are adapted to function as traveling wave antennas to radiate microwave energy throughout the oven when driven viaa waveguide feed, and which are also adapted to be energized from a current source to radiate thermal energy into the oven.
  • the sequence control network 40 controls the operations of the heater switching network 18 and the magnetron 30 in the same manner as FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate means for creating-airflow in the oven cavity.
  • a cooling air source 60 which has its motor connected to the sequence control network 40, is positioned to force cooling air over the magnetron and into the waveguide feed, and the oven 44 (FIG. 2) has a plurality of openings 62 in its top wall.
  • the cooling airflow may be continued after the thawing cycle is completed.
  • the continued airflow cools the surface portions of the food sufficientlyto prevent deterioration for a reasonable time after thawing, e.g., 1 hour, during which it is expected the food will be cooked as desired, e.g., by programming the sequence control network to bake a cake.
  • a reasonable time after thawing e.g. 1 hour
  • the warm cycle program is one in which the sequence control network operates the cooling air source throughout the cycle, and in the thaw cycle program the control network operates the air source for a predetermined time, e.g., l hour, after the thawcycle is completed.
  • the food cooked by microwave and/or thermal energy is referenced to the temperature of the food.
  • the temperature sensors described above may be constituted of probes inserted in the foods to be cooked. Such a probe is also adapted to function as a control element in the same manner as an oven thermostat.
  • Such temperature sensors may be merely detectors, or they may be devices capable of generating signals which serve as additional data signals for controlling the starting and stopping of infrared and microwave radiations.
  • our invention is applicable to an oven that is adapted for microwave heating either by radiating antennas inside the oven or by means for injecting microwave energy into the oven through openings in a cavity wall. Further, our invention is suitable for use in ovens which employ any suitable rnode stirring devices.
  • our invention permits an oven to be operated as desired with periodically applied microwave energy alone, with periodically applied thermal energy alone, or with periodic applications of both forms of energy in such a way that they are not applied simultaneously.
  • control means coupled to said energy introducing means and said thermal heating means for controlling the operations thereof; t means for programming said control means to operate so as to cause said energy introducing means to introduce microwave energy into the oven for one of a plurality of periods within a predetermined time cycle, and to cause said thermal heating means to-be operated for one of a plurality of periods within a predetermined time cycles, said programming means including means for effecting.
  • control means to cause either or both said energy introducing means and said thermal heating, means to be operated on and off a plurality of times within a predetermined time cycle; and means cooperatively associated with said programming means and control means for selectively establishing the duration of the time cycle over which said control means effects operations of said energy introducing means and said thermal heating means.
  • an oven means for introducing microwave energy into the oven; means for thermally heating the interior of the oven; control means coupled to said energy introducing means and said thermal heating means for controlling the operations thereof; and said control means including selector means selectively settable for one of a plurality of on and off sequences for said energy introducing means, said control means including selector means selectively settable for one of a plurality of on and off sequencesfor said thermal heating means, means for programming said control means including means to simultaneously set both selector means to one of a plurality of combinations of settings thereof and effect automatic on and off sequences of said energy introducing means and thermal heating means pursuant to respective settings of the selected combination, and means cooperatively associated with said programming means and control means for selectively establishing the duration of the time cycle over which said control means effects operations of said energy introducing-means and said thermal heating means at the selected combination of settings.
  • control means coupled to said energy introducing means for controlling operations thereof, said control means including selector means selectively settable for one of a plurality of sequences of operation of said energy introducing,
  • control means for programming said control means including means to set said selector means to one of its settingsand effect: automatic operations of said energy introducing means ;to.
  • heating means includes a pair of heater elements spaced to receive an article of food between them, and wherein said programming means and control means are cooperative to effect operation of either heater element alone or both heater elements.
  • said energy-introducing means includes a magnetron; a waveguide feed extending between said magnetron and said oven; a microwave power control network coupled between said control network and said magnetron; and said network being adapted to operate said magnetron at different power levels,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
US844364A 1969-07-24 1969-07-24 Automatic cooking cycle control system for microwave ovens Expired - Lifetime US3569656A (en)

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DE (1) DE2036654A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2053129B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1312992A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE2036654A1 (de) 1971-01-28
GB1312992A (en) 1973-04-11
FR2053129A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-16
FR2053129B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-09

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