US3567839A - Percussive electronic musical instrument with output level controlled by intensity of key depression - Google Patents

Percussive electronic musical instrument with output level controlled by intensity of key depression Download PDF

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Publication number
US3567839A
US3567839A US759532A US3567839DA US3567839A US 3567839 A US3567839 A US 3567839A US 759532 A US759532 A US 759532A US 3567839D A US3567839D A US 3567839DA US 3567839 A US3567839 A US 3567839A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coil
diode
capacitor
voltage
resistance
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Expired - Lifetime
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US759532A
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English (en)
Inventor
Popko Reinder Dijksterhuis
Casper Antonius Henric Mulkens
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/055—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by switches with variable impedance elements
    • G10H1/0555—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by switches with variable impedance elements using magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/057—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by envelope-forming circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, in which oscillations produced by tone generators are supplied to a member which transmits these oscillations only if upon actuation of a key a voltage derived from a capacitor is impressed on it, the value of the voltage depending upon the intensity of the actuation which voltage then decreases again to zero through a discharge circuit.
  • the transition between the two discharge characteristics is not sufficiently smooth and becomes manifest in a disturbing manner.
  • this disadvantage is obviated by choosing the starting time constant of the discharge circuit to lie between 0.1 and 0.2 seconds and to have increased after half a second to two to four times the original value, the output voltage having decreased to 0.1 to 0.3 times the original value with the strongest key actuation.
  • the capacitor comprises the series-combination of two capacitors one of which is shunted by a resistor which is chosen so low that this capacitor has been discharged for the major part at the beginning of each repeated actuation
  • the other capacitor is shunted by an element the resistance of which increases with decreasing voltage.
  • Such an element may be constituted, for example, by a voltage-dependent resistor, a rectifier which may include a series resistor, etc.
  • this capacitor is shunted by an element the resistance of which increases with decreasing voltage.
  • this disadvantage can be obviated in another embodiment of a musical instrument according to the invention, in which the capacitor is charged through a rectifier element by a coil in which upon actuation of a key a voltage is produced by means of a magnet connected to said key, which capacitor is also charged through the series-combination of a rectifier element and a resistor.
  • the coil can be proportioned so that with the weakest actuation after a strong actuation the voltage is sufficiently high to recharge the capacitor so that the repetitions become audible.
  • the two coils are connected in series and are provided on the same magnetic circuit.
  • the resistor connected in series with the rectifier element has a value of approximately five times the critical damping of the circuit comprising the inductance of the coil, the charging capacitor and the resistor itself. This results in a more or less linear relation between the intensity of actuation and the capacitor voltage.
  • FIG. 1a shows a known circuit arrangement having a subdivided capacitor
  • FIG. 1b shows the output voltage of this circuit arrangement as a function of time
  • FIG. 2a shows such a circuit arrangement dependent elements
  • FIG. 2b shows the output voltage of this circuit arrangement as a function of time
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit arrangement having one capacitor
  • FIG. 4a shows a circuit arrangement having one capacitor having voltageand two charging circuits
  • FIG. 4b shows for this circuit arrangement the relation between the actuation intensity and the capacitor voltage.
  • FIG. 1a shows the knowncircuit arrangement in which the charging capacitor is subdivided intotwo parts and comprises the series-combination of capacitors C, and C,.
  • these capacitors are charged through rectifiers D, and 0,, respectively, by a voltage induced in the coils S, and S respectively, by means of magnets M, and M coupled with the same key.
  • the capacitor C is shunted by a resistor R which has a value such that the time constant r inclusive of the load resistance R is small with respect to the time constant 1, of the whole circuit arrangement.
  • the voltage of the series-combination of the capacitors C, and C must have been halved within the shortest possible repetition time and must then decrease comparatively slowly so that the capacitor C has been substantially completely discharged within the repetition time.
  • FIG. lb This is illustrated in FIG. lb in which the voltage is plotted as a function of time.
  • the transition between the two rates of discharge is comparatively abrupt and becomes manifest in a disturbing manner.
  • This disadvantage is obviated in the circuit arrangement of FIG. 2a by connecting a voltage-dependent resistance element comprising the series-combination of a diode D and a resistor R, in parallel with the capacitor C,.
  • the starting time constant of the discharge circuit is again substantially equal to T and lies between 0.] and 0.2 seconds. After this period of time, C has been substantially completely discharged and V, continues to decrease due to the discharge of C, through the diode D and the resistor R,.
  • the time constant thereof is mainly determined by the capacitance of C, and the value of resistor R,, i.e. as long as the voltage across the diode D exceeds the knee voltage. Subsequently, the diode is'slowly cut off and the resistance and hence the time constant r gradually increases until the series resistance of the diode D and the resistor R, approach the value infinite.
  • the resistor R, and the diode D are proportioned so that after half a second the output voltage has decreased to 0.1 to 0.3 times the initial value with the strongest actuation.
  • the time constant is again equal to 1-, of FIG. 1 which is determined by the value of the load resistor R and the capacitance of capacitor C,.
  • the series-combination of the diode D and the resistor R may be replaced by an arbitrary element the resistance of which increases with decreasing voltage, such as, for example, a voltage-dependent resistor.
  • F IG. 3 shows the circuit arrangement of FIG. 2, in which, however, the charging circuit comprising the coil S the diode 0,, the capacitor C and the resistor R, has been omitted, while the values of capacitor C, and resistor R, are chosen to be slightly different.
  • the circuit arrangement of FIG. 4a provides a solution in which the saving of components can be partly retained and which consists in that S, is connected in series with a second coil S, in which, when the associated key is actuated, also a voltage is produced by a magnet connected to said key, which voltage also charges the capacitor C, through a series resistor R', and a rectifier element 0,.
  • R it has been found that it is desirable for R to be chosen so that the maximum value of the current i is of the order of a quarter of that of the current i
  • the ratio of the voltage e to the voltage e is preferably chosen to be equal to 2 so that a weak repetition immediately after a strong actuation can become fully effective.
  • Aunit in a key operated musical instrument for providing a controlling voltage to a tone generator comprising a coil, key operated magnet means for providing a magnetic field cutting the coil at a manually controlled rate, whereby a voltage having a manually controlled magnitude is generated in the coil, a capacitor, a diode, means for connecting the capacitor across the coil through the diode, whereby the capacitor is charged in proportion to the voltage generated in the coil, a voltage-controlled resistance element connected across the capacitor and having a gradually increasing resistance in response to decreasing voltage across the element, and means for connecting the resistance element to the tone generator.
  • a unit in a key operated musical instrument for providing a controlling voltage to a tone generator comprising a first coil, a first key operated magnet means for providing a magnetic field cutting the coil at a manually controlled rate, a second coil, a second key operated magnet means mechanically connected to the first magnet means for providing an additional magnetic means cutting the second coil at a manually controlled rate, whereby a manually controlled voltage is simultaneously generated in both the first and the second coils, a first diode, a first ca acitor, means for connecting the first capacitor across the irst C011 through the first dlode,
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a resistor connected in series with the second diode and the second coil and having a value approximately equal to five times the resistance necessary for the critical damping of a circuit comprising the first capacitor and an inductance equal to the sum of the inductance of the first and second coils.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
US759532A 1967-09-15 1968-09-12 Percussive electronic musical instrument with output level controlled by intensity of key depression Expired - Lifetime US3567839A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6712682.A NL160960C (nl) 1967-09-15 1967-09-15 Elektronisch muziekinstrument met percussie.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3567839A true US3567839A (en) 1971-03-02

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ID=19801222

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US759532A Expired - Lifetime US3567839A (en) 1967-09-15 1968-09-12 Percussive electronic musical instrument with output level controlled by intensity of key depression

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3567839A (de)
AT (1) AT296733B (de)
BE (1) BE720879A (de)
CH (1) CH494443A (de)
DE (1) DE1797161C3 (de)
ES (1) ES357958A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1580690A (de)
GB (1) GB1203162A (de)
IE (1) IE32331B1 (de)
NL (1) NL160960C (de)
SE (1) SE361963B (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3634594A (en) * 1969-08-05 1972-01-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3651730A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Sound level control device in electronic musical instrument employing touch responsive keying means
US3652774A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keying system for electronic musical instruments
US3657463A (en) * 1969-11-18 1972-04-18 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keyer control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3663735A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-05-16 Columbia Broadcasting Systems Automatic on-off control
US3705254A (en) * 1970-04-10 1972-12-05 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Key operating device for an electronic musical instrument
US20160336869A1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 Fu-Tzu HSU Magnetoelectric device capable of damping power amplification

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2017798C2 (de) * 1970-04-14 1982-08-19 Nippon Gakki Seizo K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Tastvorrichtung für elektronische Musikinstrumente

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2486208A (en) * 1947-08-23 1949-10-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic musical instrument
GB1162449A (en) * 1967-04-08 1969-08-27 Philips Electronic Associated Circuit Arrangements for Imitating the Touch of Percussive Musical Instruments.
GB1164422A (en) * 1967-04-08 1969-09-17 Philips Electronic Associated Circuit Arrangements for Imitating the Touch of Percussive Musical Instruments

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2486208A (en) * 1947-08-23 1949-10-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic musical instrument
GB1162449A (en) * 1967-04-08 1969-08-27 Philips Electronic Associated Circuit Arrangements for Imitating the Touch of Percussive Musical Instruments.
GB1164422A (en) * 1967-04-08 1969-09-17 Philips Electronic Associated Circuit Arrangements for Imitating the Touch of Percussive Musical Instruments

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3634594A (en) * 1969-08-05 1972-01-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3651730A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Sound level control device in electronic musical instrument employing touch responsive keying means
US3652774A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keying system for electronic musical instruments
US3657463A (en) * 1969-11-18 1972-04-18 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keyer control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3705254A (en) * 1970-04-10 1972-12-05 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Key operating device for an electronic musical instrument
US3663735A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-05-16 Columbia Broadcasting Systems Automatic on-off control
US20160336869A1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 Fu-Tzu HSU Magnetoelectric device capable of damping power amplification
US9712074B2 (en) * 2015-05-13 2017-07-18 Fu-Tzu HSU Magnetoelectric device capable of damping power amplification

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL160960B (nl) 1979-07-16
NL160960C (nl) 1979-12-17
SE361963B (de) 1973-11-19
DE1797161C3 (de) 1980-01-24
NL6712682A (de) 1969-03-18
BE720879A (de) 1969-03-13
GB1203162A (en) 1970-08-26
DE1797161A1 (de) 1971-07-29
ES357958A1 (es) 1970-04-01
IE32331L (en) 1969-03-15
AT296733B (de) 1972-02-25
DE1797161B2 (de) 1976-03-11
CH494443A (de) 1970-07-31
IE32331B1 (en) 1973-06-27
FR1580690A (de) 1969-09-05

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