US3565801A - Process for extinguishing fires with graphite containing foam-compatible fire extinguishing powders - Google Patents
Process for extinguishing fires with graphite containing foam-compatible fire extinguishing powders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3565801A US3565801A US788067A US3565801DA US3565801A US 3565801 A US3565801 A US 3565801A US 788067 A US788067 A US 788067A US 3565801D A US3565801D A US 3565801DA US 3565801 A US3565801 A US 3565801A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- extinguishing
- graphite
- fire
- compatible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012628 flowing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEAUFJZALFKPBA-JPQUDPSNSA-N (3s)-3-[[(2s,3r)-2-[[(2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[2-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(N)=O)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1NC=NC=1)[C@@H](C)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HEAUFJZALFKPBA-JPQUDPSNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101800000399 Neurokinin A Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100024304 Protachykinin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3}-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical compound C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical group [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000011893 Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
Definitions
- Dry sodium and potassium bicarbonates and dry powdered materials based on or derived from them are efficient agents for extinguishing fires including liquid fuel fires. They possess good heat-shielding properties and rapidly generate an atmosphere unfavourable to flame propagation. These properties make them desirable for use together with mechanical foams, for example protein-based foam, in attacking hydrocarbon fires, for example those associated with aircraft.
- the invention thus in its general form provides dry, powdered fire-extinguishing compositions suitable for use together with foams in combating fires characterized in that said compositions contain a minor proportion by weight of finely-divided graphite.
- the invention provides dry, powdered fire-extinguishing compositions comprising an alkali metal bicarbonate and a minor proportion by weight of finely divided graphite.
- the invention provides dry, powdered fire-extinguishing compositions comprising one or more of the compositions of matter made by heating a mixture of urea and at least one alkali selected from bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates, carbonates and hydroxides of sodium and potassium at temperatures below C., as described in copending application S.N. 676,- 907, filed Oct. 20, 1967, and a minor proportion by weight of finely divided graphite.
- Free-flowing and anti-caking additives may be included in the compositions of the invention, for example finelydivided silica, talc, polysiloxanes.
- substance A 5-100 parts of finely-divided silica 1-20 parts of a polysiloxane 1-50 parts of graphite in which substance A represents sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate or one of the compositions described in application S.N. 676,907.
- Foam compatibility can conveniently be measured by the method described in US. Naval Research Laboratory report No. NRL 5329 by E. J. Jablonski and R. L. Gipe dated June 23, 1959A New Method for Determining the Degree of Compatibility of Dry Chemical Powders with Mechanical Foams. Briefly the method measures average drainage-rates of liquid from foam, and a material is considered to be compatible with. a foam if the average drainage-rate of a standard foam dusted with a standard weight of the material is no greater than twice the drainage-rate of foam alone.
- Table 1 contains the results obtained with dry, powdered sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and substance K which is the material obtained by heating potassium bicarbonate with urea at a temperature below 150 C. as described in application S.N. 676,907.
- the foam was made from a protein-type concentrate.
- the silica was a finely divided proprietary material having an average particle-size less than 50 millimicrons, the surfactant was calcium stearate and the polysiloxone was substantially tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane.
- the numbers in the column of the table headed by the respective fire-extinguishing materials are the ratios of average drainagerate of foam plus material to average drainage-rate of foam alone.
- the column headed additive shows the substances added to the foam/ dry powdered material system. Percentages are by weight.
- Table 2 in which percentages are by weight, shows the results of further foam compatibility tests carried out with mixtures of substance K and graphite, and, for comparison, mixtures of substance K and various other additives that might be expected to possess foam-stabilizing properties, among which the polysiloxane was substantially tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and the siliconetreated silica was a finely-divided proprietary silica having an average particle-size less than 50 millimicrons and containing 20% by weight of a silicone.
- the ratios in the righthand column are of drainage-rates of foams plus substance K plus additive to drainage-rate of foam alone.
- a process for extinguishing a liquid fuel hydrocarbon fire comprising applying to the fire an aqueous mechanical foam together with a hydrocarbon fire-fighting dry powder, the improvement comprising applying as the said dry powder an alkali metal bicarbonate or material made by heating a mixture of urea and at least one alkali selected from bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates, carbonates and hydroxides of sodium and potassium at temperatures below 150 C. and wherein the said dry powder also contains from 0.10% to 10.0% by weight of graphite, whereby the said dry powder is substantially compatible with the said foam and reduces the drainage rate of the said foam in contact with the said powder.
- a process as claimed in claim 2 wherein the freeflowing and anticaking agents are selected from finely divided silica, silicones, finely divided silica containing silicones, polysiloxanes and calcium stearate.
- dry powder is the material made by heating urea with an alkali selected from potassium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate at temperatures below 150 C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB477668 | 1968-01-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3565801A true US3565801A (en) | 1971-02-23 |
Family
ID=9783602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US788067A Expired - Lifetime US3565801A (en) | 1968-01-30 | 1968-12-30 | Process for extinguishing fires with graphite containing foam-compatible fire extinguishing powders |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3565801A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1229231A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3963627A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1976-06-15 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Surface treatment of particulate solids |
| US4897207A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1990-01-30 | Environmental Security Incorporated | Multi-purpose formulations |
| US4904398A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1990-02-27 | Environmental Security Incorporated | Class D fire extinguishing |
| US4915853A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1990-04-10 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. | Method for fire extinguishment of hardly extinguishable dangerous material |
| US4923621A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1990-05-08 | Environmental Security Incorporated | Extinguishing combustible metal fires |
| US4979571A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-12-25 | Macdonald Alan B | Foam producing apparatus and method for emergency foam delivery systems |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8720996D0 (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1987-10-14 | Glaverbel | Fire hazard control |
| DE102013104026A1 (de) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-11 | ReflectoTec KG | Baustoffzusatz, Baustoff und Verwendung derselben |
-
1968
- 1968-01-30 GB GB477668A patent/GB1229231A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-12-30 US US788067A patent/US3565801A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3963627A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1976-06-15 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Surface treatment of particulate solids |
| US4897207A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1990-01-30 | Environmental Security Incorporated | Multi-purpose formulations |
| US4904398A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1990-02-27 | Environmental Security Incorporated | Class D fire extinguishing |
| US4923621A (en) * | 1985-01-28 | 1990-05-08 | Environmental Security Incorporated | Extinguishing combustible metal fires |
| US4915853A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1990-04-10 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. | Method for fire extinguishment of hardly extinguishable dangerous material |
| US4979571A (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-12-25 | Macdonald Alan B | Foam producing apparatus and method for emergency foam delivery systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1229231A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-04-21 |
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