US3673088A - Fire extinguishing powders comprising a cellulose ether additive - Google Patents

Fire extinguishing powders comprising a cellulose ether additive Download PDF

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US3673088A
US3673088A US36674A US3673088DA US3673088A US 3673088 A US3673088 A US 3673088A US 36674 A US36674 A US 36674A US 3673088D A US3673088D A US 3673088DA US 3673088 A US3673088 A US 3673088A
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extinguishant
additive
powder
dry powder
fire
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US36674A
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Henry George Clements
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules

Definitions

  • a dry powder fire extinguishant includes a non toxic non hygroscopic fusible additive such that the material acts as an adhesive to retain the powder on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder to extinguish the fire.
  • additives are low melting point resins, low melting point waxes, phosphates of ammonia, potassium or sodium, mercury thiocyanate, microcosmic salt and cellulose ethers of low melting point.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishant may, for example, be any conventional powder for extinguishing fires such as chalk sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, borax, magnesium oxide sodium chloride, calcium, lithium or potassium fluorides, potassium or barium chlorides, mica or vermiculite.
  • Another particularly efficacious dry powder fire extinguishant comprises unexpanded or partially expanded perlite.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishant consists primarily of one of such materials or mixtures thereof, although the powder may contain minor additions of such materials as talc or magnesium carbonate which act as lubricants to improve the flow properties of the powder.
  • Other additives which are used are magnesium stearate and hydrophobic silica which act as water-proofers to inhibit caking of the powder.
  • Such dry powder fire extinguishants with or without minor lubricant or waterproofing additives are hereinafter referred to as of the kind described.
  • Such dry powder extinguishants can be ineffective when used for extinguishing fires on vertical surfaces. In such cases the powder fails to adhere to the vertical surface and therefore fails to blanket and extinguish the fire.
  • a dry powder fire extinguishant of the kind described including a non-hygroscopic non-toxic additive having a low melting point such that the material acts as an adhesive to retain the powder on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder to blanket the fire.
  • the non-hygroscopic non-toxic additive of low melting point may be a material or materials selected from the group consisting of low melting point resins, low melting point waxes phosphates of ammonia, phosphates of potassium, phosphates of sodium, mercury thiocyanate, microcosmic salt and cellulose esters of low melting point.
  • the additive may be added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition although a preferred range is -15 percent by weight.
  • dry powder fire extinguishants such as chalk, sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, borax, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride, calcium lithium or potassium fluorides, potassium or barium chlorides, mica or vermiculite are ground to have a specific surface area in the range l,000-5,000 cm lgrm. Grinding is for example carried out in a ball mill.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishant may comprise any one of the above materials or mixtures thereof. Shortly before termination of ball milling of the material additives such as l-2 percent by weight hydrophobic silica or 1 percent by weight magnesium stearate which act as waterproofers preventing caking of the powder during storage are added to the material in the ball mill.
  • additives such as l-5 percent by weight of talc or A percent by weight of magnesium carbonate may be included to act as lubricants improving the flow properties of the powder.
  • an additive comprising a material which is non-hygroscopic non-toxic and having a low melting point. Examples of such materials are:
  • a low melting point resin such as shellac
  • a low melting point wax such as a high molecular weight parafin Amonium, potassium or sodium phosphate
  • Mercury thiocyanate Microcosmic salt sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate
  • Cellulose ethers of low melting point such as methyl ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose
  • the additive may comprise such materials singly or in combination. The material is added to the powder in the ball mill and milling is completed to intimately disperse the material and any other additives in the powder.
  • the additive may be added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition, although a preferred range is 10-15 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
  • the melting point of the additive should be less than the surface temperature of the burning material and not more than 250 C.
  • the dry powder fire extinguishant is provided in a metal or plastic covered container having means for expelling or dispersing the powder.
  • Argon, carbon dioxide or nitrogen may be used as the driving charge for dispersing the powder. Only the former gas is suitable for reactive metal fires.
  • a particular form of dry powder extinguishant in accordance with the invention comprises ground unexpanded or partially expanded perlite containing from 5-l5 percent by weight of finely divided methyl-ethyl cellulose or sodium ethyl cellulose, or a combination of these materials.
  • a preferred additive is 10 percent by weight.
  • Perlite is a naturally occurring siliceous rock of volcanic origin.
  • a typical composition range is:
  • the methyl-ethyl cellulose or sodium ethyl cellulose melts on contacting the burning surface and acts in the manner of an adhesive for the perlite powder to retain the powder on the surface for a sufficient time for the perlite powder to expand and blanket the burning surface.
  • Dispersion of the perlite powder is dependent on the bouyancy of individual particles.
  • the perlite is ball milled to a specific surface area of about 2,000 cm /grrn and a powder size of -300 mesh (8.8.8.) is suitable with this point in mind and because it gives a satisfactory packing density in an extinguisher container when used in the unexpanded form.
  • the perlite may also be partially expanded and good results are obtained with perlite expanded from a density of 70 lbs/cu.ft. to 35 lbs/cu.ft. Fully expanded perlite has a density of about 7 1b/cu.ft.
  • a further additive such as talc or sodium stearate may be added to improve the fluid properties of the powder extinguisher.
  • the invention has been found particularly advantageous for dealing with metal fires where the surface temperatures are from about 600 to 1,800" C.
  • a dry powder fire extinguishant comprising an additive of a material selected from the group consisting of methyl-ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose, said additive acting in the manner of an adhesive to retain the powder extinguishant on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder extinguishant to blanket the fire.
  • a dry powder fire extinguishant in which the dry powder comprises ground unexpanded or partially expanded perlite and an additive of a material selected from the group consisting of methyl-ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose, said additive acting in the manner of an adhesive to retain the perlite on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the perlite to blanket the fire.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

A dry powder fire extinguishant includes a non toxic non hygroscopic fusible additive such that the material acts as an adhesive to retain the powder on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder to extinguish the fire. Examples of additives are low melting point resins, low melting point waxes, phosphates of ammonia, potassium or sodium, mercury thiocyanate, microcosmic salt and cellulose ethers of low melting point.

Description

United States Patent Clements 15] 3,673,088 June 27, I972 [54] FIRE EXTINGUISHING POWDERS COMPRISING A CELLULOSE ETHER 21 Appl. No.: 36,674
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data May 14, 1969 Great Britain ..24,479/69 May 14, 1969 Great Britain.... ....24,480/69 Sept. 16, 1969 Great Britain.... ....45,555/69 Sept. 16, 1969 Great Britain ..45,556/69 52 us. Cl ..252/2, 252/3, 252/5, 1 252/7 [51] lnt. Cl. ..A62d 1/00 [58] Field of Search ..252/5, 2, 7, 3; 260/231 R [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,271,506 7/1918 Ferguson ..252/7 2,232,695 2/ 1941 Durston et a1. ..25 2/5 2,368,209 1/ 1945 Fahey et a1. ..252/2 2,523,377 9/1950 Klug .260/231 R 2,901,427 8/1959 Steppe ..252/5 2,901 ,428 8/ 1959 Schulenburg .....25 2/5 2,937,990 5/1960 Warnock ..252/2 3,055,435 9/ 1962 Warnock et a1. ..252/5 3,407,138 10/1968 Harper et a1 ..252/2 FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS 716,477 8/1965 Canada ..252/2 Primary Examiner-Robert F. Burnett Assistant Examiner-D. .l. Fritsch AttorneyLarson, Taylor & Hinds 57 ABSTRACT A dry powder fire extinguishant includes a non toxic non hygroscopic fusible additive such that the material acts as an adhesive to retain the powder on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder to extinguish the fire.
Examples of additives are low melting point resins, low melting point waxes, phosphates of ammonia, potassium or sodium, mercury thiocyanate, microcosmic salt and cellulose ethers of low melting point.
6 Claims, No Drawings FIRE EXTINGUISHING POWDERS COMPRISING A CELLULOSE ETHER ADDITIVE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to dry powder fire extinguishants.
The dry powder fire extinguishant may, for example, be any conventional powder for extinguishing fires such as chalk sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, borax, magnesium oxide sodium chloride, calcium, lithium or potassium fluorides, potassium or barium chlorides, mica or vermiculite. Another particularly efficacious dry powder fire extinguishant comprises unexpanded or partially expanded perlite.
The dry powder fire extinguishant consists primarily of one of such materials or mixtures thereof, although the powder may contain minor additions of such materials as talc or magnesium carbonate which act as lubricants to improve the flow properties of the powder. Other additives which are used are magnesium stearate and hydrophobic silica which act as water-proofers to inhibit caking of the powder.
Such dry powder fire extinguishants with or without minor lubricant or waterproofing additives are hereinafter referred to as of the kind described. Such dry powder extinguishants can be ineffective when used for extinguishing fires on vertical surfaces. In such cases the powder fails to adhere to the vertical surface and therefore fails to blanket and extinguish the fire.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention there is provided a dry powder fire extinguishant of the kind described including a non-hygroscopic non-toxic additive having a low melting point such that the material acts as an adhesive to retain the powder on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder to blanket the fire.
The non-hygroscopic non-toxic additive of low melting point may be a material or materials selected from the group consisting of low melting point resins, low melting point waxes phosphates of ammonia, phosphates of potassium, phosphates of sodium, mercury thiocyanate, microcosmic salt and cellulose esters of low melting point.
The additive may be added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition although a preferred range is -15 percent by weight.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Particular examples of dry powder fire extinguishants in accordance with the invention is as follows.
Conventional dry powder fire extinguishants such as chalk, sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, borax, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride, calcium lithium or potassium fluorides, potassium or barium chlorides, mica or vermiculite are ground to have a specific surface area in the range l,000-5,000 cm lgrm. Grinding is for example carried out in a ball mill. The dry powder fire extinguishant may comprise any one of the above materials or mixtures thereof. Shortly before termination of ball milling of the material additives such as l-2 percent by weight hydrophobic silica or 1 percent by weight magnesium stearate which act as waterproofers preventing caking of the powder during storage are added to the material in the ball mill.
Other additives such as l-5 percent by weight of talc or A percent by weight of magnesium carbonate may be included to act as lubricants improving the flow properties of the powder. In accordance with the invention there is then added to the powder in the ball mill an additive comprising a material which is non-hygroscopic non-toxic and having a low melting point. Examples of such materials are:
A low melting point resin such as shellac A low melting point wax such as a high molecular weight parafin Amonium, potassium or sodium phosphate Mercury thiocyanate Microcosmic salt (sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate) Cellulose ethers of low melting point such as methyl ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose The additive may comprise such materials singly or in combination. The material is added to the powder in the ball mill and milling is completed to intimately disperse the material and any other additives in the powder.
The additive may be added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition, although a preferred range is 10-15 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
It is preferred that the melting point of the additive should be less than the surface temperature of the burning material and not more than 250 C.
Preferably for use the dry powder fire extinguishant is provided in a metal or plastic covered container having means for expelling or dispersing the powder. Argon, carbon dioxide or nitrogen may be used as the driving charge for dispersing the powder. Only the former gas is suitable for reactive metal fires.
A particular form of dry powder extinguishant in accordance with the invention comprises ground unexpanded or partially expanded perlite containing from 5-l5 percent by weight of finely divided methyl-ethyl cellulose or sodium ethyl cellulose, or a combination of these materials. A preferred additive is 10 percent by weight.
Perlite is a naturally occurring siliceous rock of volcanic origin. A typical composition range is:
It is a feature of perlite which distinguishes it from other volcanic glasses that when it is heated it softens over a temperature range 800 1000 C, expanding into a foamy product four to twenty times its original volume. This expansion is caused by combined water which occurs as 4 to 6 percent of crude perlite rock. At a suitable temperature the evenly distributed combined water is vaporized to steam. The result is that on application to a fire ground perlite which is unexpanded or only partially expanded expands and coalesces to create a viscous foam which has considerable thermal resistance as well as the property of excluding the atmosphere where a continuous cover of foam is produced. The addition of methyl-ethyl cellulose or sodium ethyl cellulose to the perlite powder provides for sticking of the perlite powder to a vertical burning surface. The methyl-ethyl cellulose or sodium ethyl cellulose melts on contacting the burning surface and acts in the manner of an adhesive for the perlite powder to retain the powder on the surface for a sufficient time for the perlite powder to expand and blanket the burning surface.
Dispersion of the perlite powder is dependent on the bouyancy of individual particles. The perlite is ball milled to a specific surface area of about 2,000 cm /grrn and a powder size of -300 mesh (8.8.8.) is suitable with this point in mind and because it gives a satisfactory packing density in an extinguisher container when used in the unexpanded form. The perlite may also be partially expanded and good results are obtained with perlite expanded from a density of 70 lbs/cu.ft. to 35 lbs/cu.ft. Fully expanded perlite has a density of about 7 1b/cu.ft.
If desired a further additive such as talc or sodium stearate may be added to improve the fluid properties of the powder extinguisher.
The invention has been found particularly advantageous for dealing with metal fires where the surface temperatures are from about 600 to 1,800" C.
We claim:
1. A dry powder fire extinguishant comprising an additive of a material selected from the group consisting of methyl-ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose, said additive acting in the manner of an adhesive to retain the powder extinguishant on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the powder extinguishant to blanket the fire.
2. A dry powder extinguishant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the additive is added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
3. A dry powder extinguishant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the additive is added in the range 5-15 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
4. A dry powder fire extinguishant in which the dry powder comprises ground unexpanded or partially expanded perlite and an additive of a material selected from the group consisting of methyl-ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose, said additive acting in the manner of an adhesive to retain the perlite on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the perlite to blanket the fire.
5. A dry powder fire extinguishant as claimed in claim 4 wherein the additive is added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
6. A dry powder extinguishant as claimed in claim 4 wherein the additive is added in the range 5-15 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.

Claims (5)

  1. 2. A dry powder extinguishant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the additive is added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
  2. 3. A dry powder extinguishant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the additive is added in the range 5-15 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
  3. 4. A dry powder fire extinguishant in which the dry powder comprises ground unexpanded or partially expanded perlite and an additive of a material selected from the group consisting of methyl-ethyl cellulose and sodium ethyl cellulose, said additive acting in the manner of an adhesive to retain the perlite on a burning surface for a sufficient time for the perlite to blanket the fire.
  4. 5. A dry powder fire extinguishant as claimed in claim 4 wherein the additive is added in amount up to 25 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
  5. 6. A dry powder extinguishant as claimed in claim 4 wherein the additive is added in the range 5-15 percent by weight of the extinguishant composition.
US36674A 1969-05-14 1970-05-12 Fire extinguishing powders comprising a cellulose ether additive Expired - Lifetime US3673088A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2447969 1969-05-14
GB2448069 1969-05-14
GB4555569 1969-09-16
GB4555669 1969-09-16

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908160A (en) * 1986-10-25 1990-03-13 Tag Investments, Inc. Fire retardant composition
US4915853A (en) * 1987-12-28 1990-04-10 Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. Method for fire extinguishment of hardly extinguishable dangerous material
US4950410A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-08-21 United American, Inc. Fire extinguishing compositions and methods
US4961865A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-10-09 United American, Inc. Combustion inhibiting methods and compositions
US5269540A (en) * 1989-03-13 1993-12-14 Nippon Pillar Packing Co., Ltd. Metal-covered sealing gasket having a soft, heat resistant, expandable core
US5626787A (en) * 1994-07-04 1997-05-06 Porter; Ronald A. Fire extinguishing composition
US5911818A (en) * 1997-08-20 1999-06-15 Usg Interiors, Inc. Acoustical tile composition
WO2011078849A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Fire retardant composition and fire suppression apparatus
WO2020011477A1 (en) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle with a high-voltage accumulator
GR1010408B (en) * 2022-06-17 2023-02-16 Νικολαος Βασιλειου Τσακωνας Materials, method and system for fire prevention and extinguishing

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2432320A1 (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-02-29 Ahlstroem Oy Fire extinguishing compsn. comprising granulated mineral material - used with heat resistant adhesive, e.g. water glass, to cover solid surface
CN111870861A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-11-03 北京安普路安全技术有限公司 Efficient edible oil fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1271506A (en) * 1913-11-18 1918-07-02 Pyrene Mfg Co Fire-extinguishing and firefroofing composition.
US2232695A (en) * 1938-08-19 1941-02-25 Durston Lang And Company Ltd Extinguishing fires and extinguishing compositions therefor
US2368209A (en) * 1942-05-02 1945-01-30 Joseph J Fahey Art of extinguishing burning magnesium and the like
US2523377A (en) * 1946-12-24 1950-09-26 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Preparation of cellulose ethers
US2901427A (en) * 1956-05-12 1959-08-25 Chem Fab Grunau Ag Dry fire extinguishing composition
US2901428A (en) * 1953-05-22 1959-08-25 Chem Fab Grunan Ag Fire extinguishing method
US2937990A (en) * 1955-09-28 1960-05-24 Ansul Chemical Co Extinguishing agent for combustible metals
US3055435A (en) * 1959-02-06 1962-09-25 Ansul Chemical Co Dry chemical fire extinguishers
CA716477A (en) * 1965-08-24 P. Langguth Robert Fire-fighting materials and processes
US3407138A (en) * 1964-09-02 1968-10-22 Dow Chemical Co Method and composition for extinguishing and preventing fires in flammable liquids

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA716477A (en) * 1965-08-24 P. Langguth Robert Fire-fighting materials and processes
US1271506A (en) * 1913-11-18 1918-07-02 Pyrene Mfg Co Fire-extinguishing and firefroofing composition.
US2232695A (en) * 1938-08-19 1941-02-25 Durston Lang And Company Ltd Extinguishing fires and extinguishing compositions therefor
US2368209A (en) * 1942-05-02 1945-01-30 Joseph J Fahey Art of extinguishing burning magnesium and the like
US2523377A (en) * 1946-12-24 1950-09-26 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Preparation of cellulose ethers
US2901428A (en) * 1953-05-22 1959-08-25 Chem Fab Grunan Ag Fire extinguishing method
US2937990A (en) * 1955-09-28 1960-05-24 Ansul Chemical Co Extinguishing agent for combustible metals
US2901427A (en) * 1956-05-12 1959-08-25 Chem Fab Grunau Ag Dry fire extinguishing composition
US3055435A (en) * 1959-02-06 1962-09-25 Ansul Chemical Co Dry chemical fire extinguishers
US3407138A (en) * 1964-09-02 1968-10-22 Dow Chemical Co Method and composition for extinguishing and preventing fires in flammable liquids

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908160A (en) * 1986-10-25 1990-03-13 Tag Investments, Inc. Fire retardant composition
US4915853A (en) * 1987-12-28 1990-04-10 Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. Method for fire extinguishment of hardly extinguishable dangerous material
US4950410A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-08-21 United American, Inc. Fire extinguishing compositions and methods
US4961865A (en) * 1988-12-30 1990-10-09 United American, Inc. Combustion inhibiting methods and compositions
US5269540A (en) * 1989-03-13 1993-12-14 Nippon Pillar Packing Co., Ltd. Metal-covered sealing gasket having a soft, heat resistant, expandable core
US5626787A (en) * 1994-07-04 1997-05-06 Porter; Ronald A. Fire extinguishing composition
US5911818A (en) * 1997-08-20 1999-06-15 Usg Interiors, Inc. Acoustical tile composition
WO2011078849A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Fire retardant composition and fire suppression apparatus
WO2020011477A1 (en) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vehicle with a high-voltage accumulator
GR1010408B (en) * 2022-06-17 2023-02-16 Νικολαος Βασιλειου Τσακωνας Materials, method and system for fire prevention and extinguishing
WO2023242600A1 (en) * 2022-06-17 2023-12-21 Nikolaos Tsakonas Materials, method and system for fire extinguishing, fire prevention and fire protection

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FR2042634A1 (en) 1971-02-12
DE2023374A1 (en) 1970-11-19

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