US356536A - Brick-kiln - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

2-Sheets-Sheet 1. W. E. 8a' W. HINGHLIPF.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Jan. Z5, 1887.

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(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

W. E. & W. HINCHLIFF.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Jan. 25, 18`87.

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ilnrrnn Sterns NVILLIAME. HINCHLIFF AND WILLIAM HIIICHLIFF, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 356,536, dated January 25, 1887.

Application filed April E3, 1886. Serial No. 199.899. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM E.' HINCH- LIFF and WILLIAM HINGHLIFF, both citizens ofthe United States, residing in Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Briek-Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention relates to improvements in kilns especially designed for burning brick, and in which a combustion-chamber between the brick-burning chamber and the re charnber or chambers is separated from the brickburning chamber by a slotted or perforated floor supported upon a series of arches. In such prior constructions a single or continuous combustion-chamber having a surface area corresponding with that of the kiln of brick has been employed and supplied with heatunits from opposing fire-chambers at the ends or sides, 0r both, of the combustion-chamber, while at the same time all of the arches of the chamber are' of uniform size and the slots or perforations in the door of uniform heat-*discharging area, the hre-chambers being connected with the arched and continuous chamber by a single passage common to all.

Among the obj ections to such construction are the impossibilities of a'uniform distribution of heat to the kiln of brick or of varying the discharge of heat at any one or more points inthe kiln, as is frequently desirable for promoting a uniformity in burning the brick, for it will be understood that when several fire-chambers are employed for supplying heat to the kiln there is unavoidably a variation in the heat discharged by each, which may be due to differences in firing, variations in draft, and other causes well understood and not necessary to be specified.

The objects of our .invention are therefore to cure these defects, first, by having a series of combustion-chambers which, with their respective fire-chamber, are independent of each other, so that by increasing or diminishing their heat-supply the temperature of the kiln at desired points may be varied and the overburning or underburning of the brick at any one point in the kiln may be avoided; second, by having such a connection between the rechamber and its respective combustion-chamber as to promote arapid and forcible dis.-

charge of the heat from the fire-chamber to the combustion-chamber, and at the same time provide for regulating the discharge of heat from the drei-chamber and varying the supply of heat-unitsat different points in the combustionchainber; third, by having such a variation in the discharge-milices of the floor of such a character that the heat-units shall be equalized throughout the area of said floor in their discharge to the brick-kiln; and, iinally, to have. certain details of construction for promoting these ends, all as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- A Figure l represents a vertical longitudinal section through the kiln and one of the lireboxes; Fig. 2, a horizontal section through two of the fire-boxes; Fig. 3, a horizontal section on line fr .fr of Fig. l, and Fig. @L a transverse vertical section ofthe kiln between two of the arches.

Similarletters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the drawings.

A A- indicate the side walls, and B B the end or surrounding walls, of the kiln, within which are the combustion-chambers C and the brick-burning chamber D, which combustionchamber consists of a series of arched dues, C', and is separated from the brick-burning chamber by a door extending horizontally across the kiln from wall to wall and composed of one or more layers of brick, but preferably a single layer of brick, a, supported by arches.

The arches O extend longitudinally of the kiln, and therefore lengthwise of the combustion-chamber, and each combustionchamber contains a set of three of these arches separated from each other by blind walls E, so that there are three distinct dues or passages, which together form the combustion-chamber proper. Each arch may be said to be composed of a series of narrow arches of the length of a brick, and separated from each other, s0 that a series of passages are formed in each arch for the escape through the arches of the heat.

The set of arches upon one side ofthe kiln are separated from those upon the opposite side of thefkiln by a solid wall, F, extending lengthwise with the arches, and said sets are isolated from each other at their ends by a solid.trans verse wall or partition, F', so that in effect each set occupies one-fourth of the area of the lCO brickburning chamber, to which these combustion-chambers afford a common supply of heat.

Each combustionchamber is provided with ber, and to an extent not possible were each of the four combustion-chambers constructed of a single arch, or were a single combustion-4 chamber employed in lieu of the four.

In this connection it is proper to observe that the area of brick-kilns cannot b e contracted wit-hin certain limits for practical purposes, that the combustion chamber or chambers must singly or in the aggregate conform to the area of the kiln, and that asingle combustion-chamber with any number of nre-chambers cannot be operated so as to uniformly distribute the heat through the kiln, or to vary the heat at different points, so as to insure a uniform burning of the brick throughout the kiln. These objections are overcome to a limited extent by the employment of four separate combustionchambers with as many tircchambers, but we have found in practice that a much better result is obtained by employing the arches, which not only separate the combustion-chamber into three parts, but by their nue-like operation promote a rapid and forcible discharge ofthe heated products into the kiln to such an extent that the brick in the upper part of the kiln are quite thoroughly burned without overburning those in closer proximity to the burning-chamber. Besides this, the passages between the firechamber and the combustionchamber afford a convenient means for cutting off' or varying the heat in any one or two of the arched chambers, to the exclusion of the other or others of the same set, and this result, in addition to that obtained by reason of the employment of the four combustion-chambers, is important, because enabling us to vary the heat at such a number of points in the kiln that a perfection in burning th brick is materially promoted, and to an extent not possible in furnaces of the class to which this relates.

In all furnaces in which there is a bridge-` wall between the fire and combustion chambers, as is usually the case, or in which, from any cause, the llame either rises or descends in its escape from the fire-chamber to the combustion-chamber, the hottest point in the combnstionchamber is at a point between the fire-chamber and the center of length of the combustion-chamber, and the coolest point is at the rear end of the combustion-chamber, and any such variation in heat escaping from a combustion-chamber to a brickkiln is seriously objectionable. No effort has, before our invention, been made to overcome this objec` tion, although prior thereto escape orifices or slots between or in the arches of the combustion-chamber have been employed; but invariably they have had no variation intended for orcapable of promoting a uniform discharge of the heat-units from the combustionchamber into the brick-burning chamber. This uniform discharge of the heat-units from the combustion-chamber is an important object of our invention, and is attained, as will be seen by reference to Figs. l and 3, by increasing the area of the escape-passages proportionately as the heat diminishes at various points in the combustion-chamber-as, for instance, the greatest degree of heat is at e e', Fig. 1-thatis to say, next the lire-chamber, and also at a point about halfway between the firechamber and the center of length of the combustion-chamber-and hence the passages be:

between these two points arelarger than at such points, and from the point e the slots between the arches are lnot only gradually increased in width asthey approachthe rear end of the furnace, but toward that end Vare increased in depth, as shown at e2, Fig. l, the difference in area of the lslots at any one point approximately corresponding with the difference of heat escaping at that point. In other words, a greater number of heat-units mayescape through the passages e2, but their heating effect is not designed to lbe any greater than the less number escaping at e', and by this means there is an even diffusion of heat in the brick-burning .chamber at all points of and above the combustion-chamber. lOur invention in this respectis vnot limited to graduated escape-passages in arches or in brick-kilns, for they may as well be `used in any kind of a floor separating a combustion-'chamber from a drying or burning chamber of any apparatus for that purpose nor do we limit ourselves to the number of arched fines connected with a single fire-chamber or the number of fire-chambers to a kiln, such as herein shown and described, for it is obvious that these parts may be varied in number at will, or according to the dimensions of the kiln,without a material departure from the invention as herein disclosed.

By the construction described the heat is discharged uniformly from the combustionchambers, or from any one of the arched passages or ues thereof, and said heat may not only be varied at the quarters or other sections of the kiln, but at one or more of several different parts of a combustionchamber constituting a quarter or other sectional heatingsurface,while at the same time the draft of the fire-chamber and the force of the heat discharged into the kiln are promoted.`

Having described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1. In a brick-kiln, the brick-burning chamber and the combustion-chamber, in combination with an uninterrupted arched :door between said chambers, having a graduated series of openings therein, substantially as described.

2. In a brick-kiln, the brick-burning chant ILO IIO

` arches thereof, a {ire-box connected with two or more of said arches or arched ues, and passages through the walls between said arches separat-ing the said flues, substantially as described.

4. In a brick-kiln, two or more combustionchambers,each composed of two or more ilues, in combination with a fire chamber .and a number of passages between said combustionues and connecting said ues with fire-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described.

WILLIAM E. HINCHLIFF. WILLIAM HINCHLIFF.

Witnesses `WILL R. 'OMOHUNDRQ J No. G. ELLIOTT.

chamber corresponding with the number of zo

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