US3561240A - Method and apparatus for treating materials - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3561240A
US3561240A US691109A US3561240DA US3561240A US 3561240 A US3561240 A US 3561240A US 691109 A US691109 A US 691109A US 3561240D A US3561240D A US 3561240DA US 3561240 A US3561240 A US 3561240A
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Prior art keywords
rolling
rolls
rolled
edge
roll
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US691109A
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John A Schey
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IIT Research Institute
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IIT Research Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/14—Guiding, positioning or aligning work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/14—Guiding, positioning or aligning work
    • B21B39/16—Guiding, positioning or aligning work immediately before entering or after leaving the pass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H7/00—Making articles not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. agricultural tools, dinner forks, knives, spoons
    • B21H7/16—Making articles not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. agricultural tools, dinner forks, knives, spoons turbine blades; compressor blades; propeller blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H8/00—Rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects, e.g. checkered sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
    • B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
    • B22D11/066—Side dams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel process and apparatus useful therewith for the rolling or casting of various materials and more particularly is directed to a relatively simple means of preventing edge cracking in the rolling aspect hereof. While my invention may be used with a number of materials which are subject to edge cracking upon rolling it has special applicability for the treatment of metals and furthermore my invention is useful in the continuous casting of metal ingots.
  • My invention is useful not onl in the rolling and casting of materials such as metal sheets, slabs and plates, but also may readily be employed in the consolidation of metal powders into an integral body.
  • the essential feature of the rolling aspect of my invention involves rolling under complete lateral restraint with the lateral restraining members moving with the rolls and by employing such restraint I have discovered that I can readily and conveniently roll without producing edge cracking in those materials which hithertofore, to the best of my knowledge, have never been rolled without edge cracking. The utility and importance of such discovery will be immediately apparent to those skilled in this particular art.
  • Another aspect of this invention is directed to the continuous casting of molten metal or the like into solid ingots by use of only slightly modified apparatus from that which is used in the edge restraint rolling embodiment hereof.
  • molds which have previously been used in the continuous casting of materials, particularly metals, are usually made in the form of a cooled frame which is oscillated and/or critically lubricated to provide the means for separating the cast ingot from the mold.
  • the mold moves; in others water cooled drums or rolls are used to cast thin bands; another process employs a grooved wheel with a cover band for casting wire bars.
  • a primary object of my invention is to provide a method of preventing edge cracking during the rolling of metal structures which process includes as its most important step edge restraint at the sides of the material being rolled and which edge restraint members are movable with the rolling mechanisms.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a material rolling process whereby edge cracking is markedly reduced or eliminated.
  • Still a further object of my invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the rolling of nonuniform cross sections under lateral restraint.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide apparatus for use in the present process.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a roll element for use in the present process
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken along lines 22 of FIG. 1 in partial section and also schematically illustrates the practice of the present process and the equipment required herewith;
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the process and apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates still another embodiment hereof especially useful in the rolling of powder materials.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention in partial cross section as in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 shows a product produced by the apparatus of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross section taken along line 77 of FIG. 6.
  • edge cracking problems encountered in the rolling of metal bodes as taught by the practices of the art prior to my invention.
  • the rolling of fiat slabs or sheets of metal has been carried out for a long time.
  • Present industrial practices are a culmination of almost a century of effort and development in metal rolling and metal rolling techniques, but to the best of my knowledge until the present invention was made one of the most vexing problems faced by those operating in this area of technology, namely edge cracking, had not really been solved.
  • Eiforts directed to the elimination of edge cracking have been made but I know of no comparable process which either completely eliminates edge cracking or so markedly reduces such phenomena as results from the practice of edge restraint rolling as is taught in the present specification.
  • edge cracking is self explanatory I merely wish to say at this point that it alludes to the cracking, splitting, breaking of a metal structure during rolling at the uncovered lateral sides thereof. As used in the present specification and claims the term also refers to similar detrimental phenomena occurring in materials other than metals. It appears that edge cracking is caused by secondary tensile stresses which are inevitable whenever metal or other material spread occurs as in rolling. The result has been with many materials that either they can not be rolled at all or there was a considerable loss involved in trimming the cracked portions off of the central body of the rolled material. The economic loss has been significant.
  • edge cracking can be prevented only by the complete elimination of spread in the roll gap but prior to my present invention no workable solutions for this problem existed.
  • the most widely practiced partial remedy is rolling in closed passes. Such passes are closed by interlocking annular projections (i.e., shoulders or the like) of the rolls.
  • Such solution suffers from several limitations: The slab may be entered into the closed pass only at a substantially narrower width for otherwise the spreading material will firmly wedge between the shoulders of the roll and instead of being released at the exit side it will be wound around the roll. It is therefore common practice to allow almost free spread in the closed pass with consequent edge cracking of sensitive materials.
  • edge restraint in closed passes can be provided only if the shoulders of the rolls are big enough to cover the entire zone of deformation; the requisite large shoulders produce a substantial annular velocity difference between the rolled material and various parts of the closed pass with a resulting undesirable distortion and wear. Furthermore, it is impossible to reintroduce the material rolled in a closed pass into the same pass for further reduction and the heavy total reduction normally sought for can be achieved only in a succession of closed passes which for the reasons noted above must be successively widened thus opening the way for further edge cracking.
  • edge cracking problems in rolling are substantially completely eliminated by the practice of my invention.
  • edge cracking is substantially or completely eliminated in the rolling of most metals and other materials subject to edge cracking. It is important in the practice of such edge restraint that the lateral restraining members be movable with the rolls and with the material being rolled.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 hereof Here is illustrated a twohigh rolling mill having a top roll 11 and a bottom roll 12. A metal slab 13 being rolled is interposed between the rolls in the usual manner. Grooves 14 are provided in the rolls, said grooves being in register for both the top and bottom roll and as shown in the drawing, are lateral to the central part of the roll. In the two lateral grooves I insert a pair of restraining bars 16. It is such restraining bars 16 in this embodiment of my invention which provide the edge restraint of the material being rolled.
  • the restraining bars are made of various strong materials, e.g., alloys similar to those of which the rolls are fabricated; therefore, as in the case of the rolls, they are relatively incompressible compared to the material being rolled.
  • the rolled slab 13 is now rolled in a tightly closed, i.e., vertically and horizontally closed, chamber which not only provides the usual rolling but also tight and strong edge restraint.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 While a solid metal slab is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 it will of course be apparent that metal powders may be substituted therefor and compacted and consolidated in the present process. Various other materials subject to edge cracking upon rolling may be similarly treated.
  • the restraining bars 16 closely but movably fit in the grooves 14 of the upper and lower rollers and thus their movement laterally is restrained. As shown in FIG. 1 each such restraining bar rests in the bottom of the groove provided in the lower roll and there is a space 15 left for clearance purposes between the top of the restraining bar and the top of the groove of the top roll 11. But because of such grooving the restraining bars 16 are held in close restraint to prevent lateral movement. The clearance 15 permits repeated thickness reductions of the slab being rolled by closing the rolls in the usual manner.
  • the restraining bars are positioned on table rollers 17 and are assisted in being maintained in operative position by guide rollers 18.
  • Aluminum alloy slabs containing 8% magnesium were prepared and subjected to rolling both with and without edge restraint as herein taught. All slabs of this material rolled without such restraint invariably cracked at the edges whereas the restrained ones gave perfect parallel edges absolutely free of cracking.
  • Powder bodies of iron powders were made by ramming them into shape and then rolling at 2400 F. both with and without edge restraint as herein taught.
  • the nonrestrained bodies cracked severely; their density was approximately 70% of theoretical density of iron after 70% to reduction in thickness.
  • Similar powder bodies rolled with edge restraint as herein taught gave dense bodies free of edge cracks and with mechanical properties similar to those of typical hot rolled slabs.
  • an appropriate protective atmosphere should be employed.
  • Metal powder bodies were made by ramming them into a mild steel sheath. When rolling without edge restraint the sheath broke open and much of the powder escaped. By using the restraining bars the rolled body was free of edge cracking and yielded a much superior compacted product with a density approaching theoretical after only 70% reduction in thickness.
  • the process and apparatus is primarily suited for operation in reversing mills where a succession of passes may be taken on one and the same slab without need of separating the slab from the restraining elements.
  • the restraining elements are in the form of endless belts 21.
  • the restraining elements fit into lateral grooves 22 on the rolls.
  • the thickness of such belts is of necessity limited by the requirement to maintain their flexibility adequate strength can be obtained for edge restraint purposes in view of the support that such belts receive from the portion of the rolls which firm the outer wall of the grooves 22.
  • the clearance between belts 21 and grooves 22 is greatly exaggerated in the schematic illustration of FIG. 3.
  • the present process and apparatus can also be employed for cladding.
  • a cladding material may be fed through the input side of the roll pair onto the base metal or other material being rolled with edge restraint.
  • the present process may also be employed in the rolling of materials other than metals.
  • materials other than metals.
  • ceramics which are sheathed or canned in a metal may be rolled with edge restraint to prevent edge cracking of the composite structure.
  • the present process and apparatus may be used for the continuous casting of metals and the like.
  • the preferred apparatus is disclosed in FIG. 3 but for casting both the rolls (numbers 11 and 12 of FIGS. 1 and 2) are cooled and the two endless, flexible belts 21 and 22 are also cooled.
  • the rolls are driven and the belts may be driven or dragged by the rolls.
  • Such belts are fully supported in the grooves of the rolls.
  • the two rolls and the two belts fully enclose and define a mold of rectangular cross section. All four walls of this mold move together with the solidifying ingot at a rate selected for the material being cast. Friction is completely eliminated and separation of the ingot from the mold is automatically accomplished. Pouring rates are so adjusted that the porosity is eliminated in the converging section of the mold.
  • FIG. 5 A modified form of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5, wherein parts similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are indicated with the same reference numeral and the subscript a.
  • the apparatus includes a top roll 11a and a bottom roll 12a.
  • the top roll has a central barrel portion 26 corresponding to the area between the grooves in FIG. 1 which is of a noncircular configuration.
  • the central barrel portion is provided with four recesses equally spaced around the circumference.
  • the resultant raised sections 29 and the recessed sections 28 correspond to the top surface of the shapes to be rolled.
  • the bottom roll 12a also has a central barrel portion 27 made up of similar recessed sections 30 and raised sections 31.
  • each of the recessed sections 28 and 30 and each of the raised sections 29 and 31 is geometrically symmetrical.
  • the top roll 11a and the bottom roll 12a are rotated in opposite directions to cause the opposing faces to move the workpiece 13a in the same direction in conventional rolling fashion.
  • the respective raised sections 29 and 31 oppose each other as do the recessed sections 28 and 30 during the rolling operation.
  • This coordination is accomplished by conventional means such as gears.
  • the workpiece 13a which enters the rolls as a bar of uniform cross section is transformed by the central barrel portions of the rolls 11a and 12a into a periodic configuration of thick and thin sections in uniformly repeating patterns.
  • the lateral restraint is again accomplished by movable bars 16a.
  • the remainder of the apparatus is essentially the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the flexible belts of FIG. 3 could again be substituted for the rigid bars shown in FIG. 5.
  • the workpiece 13a is transformed by rolling from its initial cross sectional shape into the desired configuration. The reduction is accomplished without edge cracking due to the presence of the restraining bars 16a. Reductions in thickness up to 84% have been achieved without edge cracking or the formation of flash.
  • the only limitation on use of the apparatus for periodic rolling is that the transitional surface of the rolls connecting the raised sections and the recessed sections should not be undercut. Undercutting of this transitional surface results in the pulling or tearing of the workpiece as the roller attempts to free itself.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 Typical turbine blades formed by the process and apparatus of this invention are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • FIG. 6 shows a continuous section of the workpiece after rolling and before cutting.
  • the thick section defines root portions 32 of two blades disposed end to end.
  • the thin section defines airfoil portions 33 of two blades disposed end to end. After cutting at the points indicated each turbine blade has the form shown in FIG. 7 or its mirror image.
  • the airfoil portion 33 shown in FIG. 7 is laterally curved and tapered, however, it is not disposed at an angle to the root portion.
  • the airfoil cross section 33 shown in FIG. 7 is formed by one raised section 29 rolling in coordination with one raised section 31 in FIG. 5.
  • the raised section 29 of the upper roll 11a is of a shape identical to the top boundary of airfoil 33.
  • Mating raised section 31 is of a shape identical to the bottom boundary of airfoil 33.
  • the shape of the airfoil 33 and its angle to the root section 32 is 'Wholly a function of the shapes of the respective raised and recessed sections of the central barrel portions of the rolls. If no mirror image blades are desired, the rolls can be designed to make only duplicate blades connected root to foil to root. Application of the present invention to the rolling of turbine blades will be more clearly understood With reference to the following specific examples.
  • Turbine blades have been rolled with apparatus similar to that shown in FIG. 5.
  • the width of the turbine blade and of the workpiece inserted in three quarters of an inch. This width is maintained by spacing the restraining bars at three quarters of an inch and having the width of the central barrel portion of the top and bottom rolls also of three quarters of an inch width.
  • Each turbine blade is 2% inches in total length.
  • the airfoil section is one and three quarters inches long and the root section /2 inch long.
  • the starting material is fed into the roll at a thickness of three fourths of an inch.
  • the material is passed through the rollers in a single pass which produces turbine blades having an airfoil thickness of 0.125 inch and a root thickness of 0.525 inch.
  • the raised portions of the rolls are correspondingly cut at a thirty degree angle to the roll axis resulting in an airfoil portion which is also at a thirty degree angle to the sides of the root portion.
  • Thematerials employed for this turbine blade configuration were 7075 aluminum alloy rolled at 800 F. and Ti6Al -4 v. alloy rolled at 1800 F.
  • a larger turbine blade has been made from 7075 aluminum alloy rolled at 800 F.
  • the finished blade is one and fifteen-sixteenths inches wide and 3.1 inches long.
  • the airfoil section is 2.6 inches long.
  • the root thickness is .430 inch with the airfoil being again 0.125 inch. This airfoil is laterally curved and is rolled with no angle relative to the root section.
  • Turbine blades have been employed merely by way of example.
  • the central barrel portions of the rolls may be designed to yield one or several repetitions per revolution.
  • One roll may be cylindrical and one irregular in shape. The variations in geometry are almost unlimited.
  • the apparatus may be used for making preforms or for making end items.
  • the tolerances of the roller parts depend on whether the product is to be subjected to one final forging step or used as rolled. In either case the process saves from 4 to 6 steps needed for current forming methods.
  • a method of rolling a series of periodic shapes from a workpiece of relatively constant cross section comprising the steps of:
  • Apparatus for rolling materials with complete lateral restraint comprising:
  • a pair of relatively incompressible elongate lateral restraining members arranged to define a four sided enclosure in the plane common to said axes, said members being movable in the direction of rolling to limit lateral deformation of the workpiece during the rolling operation whereby the tensile forces along the lateral edges are sufficiently reduced to prevent edge cracking.
  • said lateral restraining members comprise endless incompressible belts of relatively flexible material which receive their support from the walls of said grooves.
  • An apparatus for rolling materials comprising a pair of spaced rolls having parallel axes of rotation and defining a roll gap therebetween, each of said rolls including a pair of circumferential grooves in register with the corresponding grooves on the opposite roll, and
  • a method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of cutting the rolled shapes from the workpiece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
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US691109A 1965-04-01 1967-12-07 Method and apparatus for treating materials Expired - Lifetime US3561240A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US44463765A 1965-04-01 1965-04-01
US69110967A 1967-12-07 1967-12-07
US6791070A 1970-08-28 1970-08-28
US369885A US3892832A (en) 1965-04-01 1973-06-14 Method of compressing and rolling powder

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US3561240A true US3561240A (en) 1971-02-09

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US691109A Expired - Lifetime US3561240A (en) 1965-04-01 1967-12-07 Method and apparatus for treating materials
US00067910A Expired - Lifetime US3746071A (en) 1965-04-01 1970-08-28 Method for treating materials
US369885A Expired - Lifetime US3892832A (en) 1965-04-01 1973-06-14 Method of compressing and rolling powder

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US00067910A Expired - Lifetime US3746071A (en) 1965-04-01 1970-08-28 Method for treating materials
US369885A Expired - Lifetime US3892832A (en) 1965-04-01 1973-06-14 Method of compressing and rolling powder

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US (3) US3561240A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE678865A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1527652A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1147326A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6604426A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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US4400963A (en) * 1981-12-09 1983-08-30 Amca International Limited Roller entry guide for angles
US20030115730A1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2003-06-26 Ament Peter Conrad Hubert Laminate of metal powder and foaming agent between two metal layers
CN104785686A (zh) * 2015-05-07 2015-07-22 安徽伟嘉装备技术有限公司 一种板材复合辊轧成型机
US20170066031A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2017-03-09 Sns Unicorp Pty. Ltd. Method And Apparatus For Forming Profiled Articles
US11453042B2 (en) * 2016-07-15 2022-09-27 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Forging roll device
US20230183093A1 (en) * 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Production apparatus and production method for cathode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries

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GB1515420A (en) * 1976-03-10 1978-06-21 Davy Loewy Ltd Treatment of compacted metal powder strip
FR2481161A1 (fr) * 1980-04-28 1981-10-30 Pechiney Aluminium Procede et dispositif d'obtention en continu de lingots de metaux non ferreux a empilage auto-bloquant a partir d'une ebauche issue d'une machine de coulee sur roue a gorge
US4743512A (en) * 1987-06-30 1988-05-10 Carpenter Technology Corporation Method of manufacturing flat forms from metal powder and product formed therefrom
US5160470A (en) * 1992-05-20 1992-11-03 Dow Corning Corporation Method for compacting silica fume
FR2704255B1 (fr) * 1993-04-20 1995-07-13 Lorraine Laminage Armature pour le renforcement de structures en beton et procede de fabrication de cette armature.
US5860598A (en) * 1997-08-14 1999-01-19 Cruz; Luis R Fog atomizer
US7373857B2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2008-05-20 William Engineering Llc Composite metal article and method of making
US8684075B2 (en) 2011-02-17 2014-04-01 Baker Hughes Incorporated Sand screen, expandable screen and method of making
US9017501B2 (en) 2011-02-17 2015-04-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Polymeric component and method of making
US8664318B2 (en) 2011-02-17 2014-03-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Conformable screen, shape memory structure and method of making the same
US9044914B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2015-06-02 Baker Hughes Incorporated Permeable material compacting method and apparatus
US8720590B2 (en) * 2011-08-05 2014-05-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Permeable material compacting method and apparatus
US8721958B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-05-13 Baker Hughes Incorporated Permeable material compacting method and apparatus
CN103600012B (zh) * 2013-10-19 2015-10-07 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 一种无榫头深度端弯叶片的制备方法

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4400963A (en) * 1981-12-09 1983-08-30 Amca International Limited Roller entry guide for angles
US20030115730A1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2003-06-26 Ament Peter Conrad Hubert Laminate of metal powder and foaming agent between two metal layers
US7037453B2 (en) 2000-01-19 2006-05-02 Corus Aluminium Walzprodukte Gmbh Laminate of metal powder and foaming agent between two metal layers
US20170066031A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2017-03-09 Sns Unicorp Pty. Ltd. Method And Apparatus For Forming Profiled Articles
CN104785686A (zh) * 2015-05-07 2015-07-22 安徽伟嘉装备技术有限公司 一种板材复合辊轧成型机
US11453042B2 (en) * 2016-07-15 2022-09-27 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Forging roll device
US20230183093A1 (en) * 2021-12-15 2023-06-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Production apparatus and production method for cathode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries
US12091327B2 (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-09-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Production apparatus and production method for cathode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries

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DE1527652A1 (de) 1970-01-22
US3746071A (en) 1973-07-17
US3892832A (en) 1975-07-01
NL6604426A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-10-03
BE678865A (fr) 1966-10-03
SE307117B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-12-23
GB1147326A (en) 1969-04-02

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