US3560641A - Image construction system using multiple arrays of drop generators - Google Patents

Image construction system using multiple arrays of drop generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3560641A
US3560641A US768790A US3560641DA US3560641A US 3560641 A US3560641 A US 3560641A US 768790 A US768790 A US 768790A US 3560641D A US3560641D A US 3560641DA US 3560641 A US3560641 A US 3560641A
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Prior art keywords
drops
drop
receiving member
arrays
jets
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US768790A
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English (en)
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Richard P Taylor
Russell H Vanbrimer
Fred E Culp
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Mead Corp
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Mead Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/145—Arrangement thereof
    • B41J2/155—Arrangement thereof for line printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/105—Ink jet characterised by jet control for binary-valued deflection

Definitions

  • Hartary AttorneyMarechal, Biebel, French & Bugg ABSTRACT Arrays of laterally spaced orifices, all communicating with a liquid pressure supply, all subjected to vibration at the same frequency to separate the liquid jets into streams of individual drops, provide a system for locating all of the drops with a predetermined space-time correlation, by depositing the drops on a receiving element which has relative movement with respect to the arrays at a speed correlated to the drop generation rate, or by irradiating the drops in space at a predetermined time to make them visible.
  • Uses include printing multiple copies from a master, high-speed printout from a computer or memory, and creation of variable three dimensional visible shapes for study.
  • This invention relates to systems in which discrete uniformly sized drops of fluid, for example a marking fluid such as ink, are projected in a controlled manner to achieve a predetermined space-time correlation.
  • a typical use of the invention is in high-speed printing wherein the drops are selectively placed on a paper web moving at relatively high speed past a drop generating device. It is proposed that the drop generating device include a plurality of arrays of orifices from which common size drops are projected at a common frequency. Selected drops are switched or deflected into catchers, while the remainder follow their trajectory to create a pattern in space and time.
  • a typical use of the invention is in highspeed printing where the drops are deposited on a moving web, thus creating a two-dimensional print in timed relation with web movement.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus by means of which a plurality of drops of fluid, such as a marking substance, can be selectively projected and closely spaced in timed spatial relation.
  • a plurality of drops of fluid such as a marking substance
  • the movement of a sheet or web is correlated to drop generation from several arrays, such that solid coverage over substantial areas of the sheet or web can be achieved by reason of the adjacent or slightly overlapping position of the drops deposited on the surface.
  • each drop generated by each array is destined for a particular cell or coordinate position, in an x--y matrix of the image or pattern, on the sheet or web, and whether or not that particular drop reaches its cell depends on the intelligence imposed on the corresponding controlled electrodes.
  • the intelligence signal determines whether or not a drop is desired at each particular xy coordinate, and determines whether or not the drop is deflected or permitted to deposit on the sheet or web as the portion of the image or pattern being generated.
  • an image to be created on the sheet or web can be formed from a master placed in an optical scanner.
  • the electro-optical pickup of the scanner includes an individual sensor for every xy coordinate of the image matrix. Each sensor is in turn connected to a corresponding control electrode in one of the arrays, and through proper coordination, the scanner produces the intelligence signals which control the deflection, or lack of it, resulting in production of an image or pattern on the web passing the arrays. It will be appreciated that the scanner should have sensors spaced and staggered according to the arrangement of the arrays and their individual orifices, or suitable electrical delays should be introduced to produce the same result.
  • the invention has particular and unique utility with regard to marking or printing on irregular surfaces. This is true because the irregularities of the surface, unless they be very deep with respect to the travel of the drops, have little effect upon the horizontal deposition pattern of the drops.
  • a print made on an irregular-surface such as sandpaper, various textiles, or wavy surfaces as of corrugated paper, can be achieved with greater clarity and much less difficulty than with conventional printing methods which require contact of an inked plate or other member with the material to be imprinted.
  • the shape of the arrays need not be linear, but can be curved or shaped to relate to the configuration of the receiving element. As examples, successful results have been obtained printing on sandpaper and corrugated medium; other typical applications include printing or marking on bottles,,cans, and other containers.
  • the present invention also includes a printer output for electronic data processing equipment. It is possible to generate printed material, such as text material, at high speeds with the equipment provided by this invention, for example speed in the order of 2,000 feet per minute web travel. As a typical example, using characters of ordinary typewriter size, it is possible to print in the order of 300,000 characters per second, using a web speed in the order of 2,000 feet per minute and producing characters of pica size in lines of up to 22 inches length with a maximum of about 132 characters per line.
  • a device constructed according to the invention has the capability of producing characters at an extremely high rate, comparable to the output of an electronic data processing machine.
  • the character generation rate previously mentioned is capable of handling the output of a computer through a buffer interface arranged to control directly the various deflection electrodes in the arrays of the system.
  • the computer output can also be magnetically or otherwise recorded, and used to drive the input of the system.
  • the invention is not limited to printing or creating of patterns. Controlled placement of liquid drops on a receiving surface is useful also in operations such as etching, coating, particularly over selected areas of the receiving surface, and optical recording or plotting, as well as in processing or fabrication of multiconstituent products.
  • variable three-dimensional displays using a plurality of arrays, in-line or staggered, and using control over the individual drops to locate them in a pattern, then irradiating the drops at a predetermined time, as by high-speed flashes of light which are timed with reference to some beginning of drop generation.
  • the control over drop generation enables the resulting three-dimensional display to be changed in shape or size within limits of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a printing system embodying the present invention, wherein the several drop generating arrays are driven through suitable amplifiers from an electrooptical scanning device on which a master of the image or pattern to be reproduced is scanned, and in which the image or pattern is reproduced repeatedly on a traveling web of paper;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the manner in which portions of several characters are simultaneously created through control of the drop generating equipment of a single array;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged diagram showing the orifice and deflection equipment incorporated within a single drop generating and controlling unit;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic electrical diagram illustrating the manner in which a single drop generating and controlling device functions
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a typical printout unit using the principles of the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the related deposit of drops from successive arrays.
  • FIG. 7 shows a variable three-dimensional display system.
  • FIGS. l4 which illustrate one preferred embodiment of the invention
  • the receiving element onto which the pattern or image is to be created is shown as a web of paper 10 from a supply roll 12 passing over supporting structure such as a table 13, past pinch roll 15, and onto a takeup roll 16.
  • supporting structure such as a table 13, past pinch roll 15, and onto a takeup roll 16.
  • Over the table 13 there are a plurality of arrays of fluid drop sources or projectors, each of which includes a plurality of orifices through which the liquid is expelled in a stream which is broken into individual drops.
  • the first array is shown as uppennost, and the web 10 passes first beneath this array, then next to an array 22 of identical structure, and thence past additional arrays 24 and 26.
  • the web and table are shown broken between the arrays 22 and 24, signifying that the number of arrays is variable, depending upon the desired result.
  • the liquid substance to be placed precisely on the web 10 is supplied from a reservoir or tank 30 through an output conduit 32 and through a filter 33 to a manifold arrangement 35 which, as shown, apportions and supplies each of the arrays with the liquid under pressure.
  • a vibrator device such as a supersonic vibrator, is indicated schematically at 37 and is attached to the liquid supply piping in order to impose a high frequency vibration on the entire liquid supply system.
  • the liquid from the supply piping is directed to a cross manifold in each of the arrays, for example to the manifold 38 of the array 20, and these manifolds in turn have a large number of small orifices 40 (FIG. 3) from which a fine liquid stream is expelled.
  • the stream rapidly breaks into individual drops which are accordingly spaced.
  • the orifices 40 are each of a size in the order of 1.5 mils, and the resultant drops are of a size in the order of 3 mils diameter. Drops of this size typically produce circular printed dots having a diameter of about 5 mils.
  • the drops are projected in the form of a jet or stream toward the moving web 10.
  • consecutive droplets from the strip generating orifice should be deposited with a center-tocenter dot spacing of about 3.5 mils or less. Since the time between consecutive drops is equal to the reciprocal of the stimulation frequency, the foregoing requirement may be converted into a design specification for the drop stimulator.
  • the equation is V I q where V is the velocity of the moving web, d is the desired center-to-center dot spacing, and f is the required stimulation frequency. Assuming a web velocity of about 400 inches per second, the above stated conditions result in a required stimulation frequency of about l20 kHz.
  • each drop which it is desired not to deposit is electrostatically chargedby controlling a potential applied to the charge ring 42 spaced in the control structure immediately below the orifice 40.
  • Downstream of the charging electrode is a set of deflecting electrodes 44 which provides a continuous deflecting field operating to deflect charged drops from the stream into a catcher unit 45 which includes a blade 46 projecting outward adjacent, but not intercepting the stream path of the uncharged, and hence not deflected, drops.
  • the drops that are deflected into the catcher accumulate and are recirculated to the reservoir through a return line 48, a segment of which is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the charge applying electrode 42 thus functions as a means for selectively charging drops which are not to be deposited on the web, and together with the deflecting electrodes 44 and the catcher 45, these parts function as a means for moving from the drop stream those drops which are not to deposit on the web or other receiving element.
  • the system is thus binary, in that absence of a charge results in a drop passing directly to and depositing on the web, whereas presence of a charge results in deflection instead of deposition.
  • the web and the stream of drops intersect at an angle. This angle is so selected that the velocity component parallel to the direction of web travel at the point of impact of the drops approximately equals the velocity of the moving web 10. It has been found that this arrangement results in minimum deformation of the drop as it deposits on the web, and hence results in a dot which is essentially circular in shape on the web.
  • one form of input for the system in which a pattern or image can be reproduced over and over on the web, is in the form of an optical image storage, such as a photograph or like print, or a photographic film on which the nonimage areas are transparent and the image areasare opaque.
  • This film is mounted on a drum 50 which is transparent, and inside the drum is a suitable lamp 52, whereby light passing through the nonimage areas of the film is arranged to actuate a reading means in the form of a bank of photosensors 55, corresponding in number and in spacing to the orifices 40 in the first array 20.
  • a plurality of optical fibers are arranged across the drum 50in spaced positions corresponding to the arrangement of the orifices in a corresponding array, and the fibers conduct light to corresponding ones of the photosensors.
  • Light actuating these photosensors is thus translated into electrical signals which are suitably amplified through the amplifier circuits 60, details of which are shown in FIG. 4, and the amplifier outputs in turn are applied to the individual charging rings 42 for each of the control units corresponding to each of the orifices in the array. Therefore, actuation of a particular photosensor will result in applying a charge to its control ring 42, thereby deflecting that drop into the catcher system and preventing deposition of that drop on the web 10.
  • the drive motor 61 for the drive drum and the drive motor 62 for the record drum 50 are actuated and carefully controlled through control circuits 65 which maintain these drives in synchronism, or alternatively drive drum l5 and record drum 50 may be driven by a common shaft.
  • the printer may be controlled from a memory, such as magnetic tape storage or core memory, or in some instances the printer may be driven directly from the output of the computer through buffer units which act to relate the computer output signals to the necessary signals for operating this form of printer.
  • a capacity of 132 columns can be generated by using signals from the input to identify the character to appear in each column.
  • a standard typewriter font has available 88 different characters, (these can be identified using a seven-bit code) and with a standard line spacing producing lines six to the inch, at the web speed specified approximately 417 microseconds are available from the start of one line to the start of the next line.
  • the printer must have the capability of buffering in and being prepared to generate up to 132 possible characters.
  • the seven-bit code is employed for character identification, the requirements are to accept and process in the order of 1,000 bits of information in about 410 microseconds. This is within the present capability of known switching and buffering devices.
  • the 88 characters can be produced by 88 diode matrices such as diode matrices shown diagrammatically at 70, each having 20 horizontal rows and 16 vertical subcolumns.
  • 132 printing heads 72 Corresponding to the 132 character columns are 132 printing heads 72, each of which may be connected by switching unit to any matrix 70.
  • Each printing head 72 contains 16 orifices corresponding to the 16 vertical subcolumns in that matrix to which the printing head may be connected.
  • All matrices 70 are simultaneously scanned in timed, vertically progressive steps. For each step every matrix 70 dumps 16 binary bits into switching unit 75. As a result thereof, each orifice control ring 42 is actuated by 20 sequential binary signals corresponding to the coded information in one vertical subcolumn of that matrix 70 to which the parent printing head 72 may be connected. This in turn produces simultaneous, vertically progressive printing of up to 132 characters. At the end of the 20-step sequence, switching unit 75 connects each printing head 72 to the matrix 70 which is programmed for that character which is next scheduled for printing by the subject printing head.
  • the above-described vertical matrix scan is produced by a 20-stage shift register 77 which in turn is actuated by timing unit 80.
  • Timing unit 80 is also connected to each of the printing heads 72 and serves as a constant frequency control for drop stimulation in all of the orifices. In this manner there is achieved a one-for-one correspondence between generated drops and drop switching signals.
  • the required stimulation frequency is about kHz.
  • the resulting printing rate assuming a character in every column is 316,800 characters per second.
  • the orifices are staggered in a plurality of arrays as shown in FIG. 5. As shown in the FIG., however, the center-to-center orifice spacing is about'*20 mils. In practice, if even this spacing is difficult to achieve, a convenient working model may utilize heads with 16 orifices staggered one behind the other in arrays of one orifice each. As an alternative it is feasible to use an arrangement as shown in FIG. 1. Such an arrangement would employ 16 arrays with 132 orifices per array. The arrays would be electrically connected such that at any given time corresponding orifices in the 16 arrays would all be connected to the same matrix 70. Thus the 16 corresponding orifices would be the equivalent of one printing head 72 as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the geometry of this situation.
  • the FIG. shows two orifices 91 and 92 which are representative of members of staggered arrays; that is, the orifices are mutually offset in a direction normal to the plane of FIG. 6. It may be observed that a drop leaving orifice 91 simultaneously with a similar drop from orifice 92 will travel for a distance b and strike web at a distance d behind the latter drop. In order to place two drops such as drops 93 and 94 precisely side-by-side on web 10, drop 94 must have a delayed release time. That is, the control electronics for the orifices in the front array must operate in a time domain which lags that of the rear array by a time T where:
  • T i c080 where c is the array spacing distance and 6 is the web intercept angle as illustrated.
  • the two arrays may be programmed and switched as though they were combined into a single array with a double number of orifices.
  • this concept can be extended to any number of arrays.
  • For a typical web printer as shown in FIG. 1 there may be employed as many as such arrays. This would permit each array to have an orifice-to-orifice spacing of about 0.1 inch and result in drop deposit patterns staggered at 5 mil intervals across the printing area.
  • control delays for a plurality of staggered arrays may be obtained in many ways.
  • storage and retrieval from a shift register is the equivalent of staggered optical sensors modeled after the jet orifices and scanning a control or master image.
  • each array consists of a large number of individual drop generating units (such as shown in FIG. 4, for example). These arrays are closely stacked and regularly spaced, such that drops from each generating unit will fall along a predetermined path, precisely spaced with respect to each other, as indicated by the vertical lines in FIG. 7.
  • the individual drop generating units can be controlled to project drops at a regular and high frequency, if cross currents of air or the like are eliminated, as by operating in a vacuum or under reduced pressure and controlled conditions, then the drops will project in the same regularly spaced positions toward the catching basin 87 shown at the bottom of FIG. 7. If a single drop generating unit is switched to the on" condition, and continues to generate drops at regularly spaced intervals for a predetermined time, these drops will proceed in a trainlike manner toward the lower catch basin 87.
  • these drops will be located in space with respect to their point of origin in the drop generating unit and with respect to each other. It is possible therefore to time the switching of the individual unit such that the drops will be in the form of a patterned line or sequence proceeding vertically downward from the origin at the drop generating unit. Multiplying this arrangement many times, it is thus possible to have a plurality of such vertical drop patterns all precisely related to each other, since the generating unit can be excited at the same high frequency. Therefore, if such an arrangement be produced under controlled light conditions, for example, it is possible to irradiate the drops at a predetermined time, for
  • the plurality of arrays shown in FIG. 7 is surrounded by the number of high-speed flash lamp units
  • These can be of conventional design, sometimes referred to as stroboscopic flash lamps, and preferably are arranged to fire simultaneously, thereby projectinglight from a number of different directions toward the falling drops from the arrays.
  • the speed of the light flash is in the order of a microsecond, thus it is possible to stop" the flight of the drops insofar as the observer is concerned.
  • a suitable timing control programs the unit such that initiation of a plurality of drop patterns from the various drop generating units starts a time sequence, and when a desired number of drops have fallen in a predetermined pattern, to a predetermined point, the flash lamps are triggered to illuminate the resultant pattern and essentially fix it in space, so far as the observer is concerned, due to persistence of vision.
  • the operation can be repeated at high speeds a number of times.
  • a three-dimensional display which can be essentially static, and viewed from many different angles, and which can be varied by changing the programming of the drop generating unit.
  • This enables an observer to change the shape of the threedimensional display as he may desire.
  • Such a device is usable in studying various shapes for purposes of mechanical design, artistic design, in the study of mathematical problems dealing with complex three-dimensional objects, or topographical problems, to name just a few uses.
  • each of the embodiments described includes a plurality of arrays of drop generators, all stimulated from a common vibration source.
  • Each generator has a'switching means to permit deflecting of selected individual drops from their normal trajectory, thus providing the capability to generate a pattern by locating the remaining drops in predetermined space-time correlation,
  • step (d) includes:
  • step (f) employing the signals from step (f) to control the switching step (d).
  • Apparatus for controlled placement in space and time of repetitiously generated liquid drops comprising:
  • each of said arrays having a common centerto-center spacing and the arrays being laterally staggered for production of interleaved adjoining drop deposit patterns across a receiving member moved successively past said arrays, adjoining drop deposits being spaced by a predetermined center-to-center distance (d);
  • liquid supply means operative to provide all said orifices with liquid at the same pressure thereby providing drops of uniform size and parallel jet trajectories with drops having a common velocity
  • switching means including a charging device for each jet arranged to charge selectively predetermined ones of the drops according to a master intelligence input and deflecting means cooperating with said charging devices to switch drops from their respective trajectories according to the charge status of the individual drops;
  • transport drive means operative to move a receiving member such as a web past said arrays at a constant velocity (V,,,) matched to the drop stimulation frequency (f) and the drop size such that the frequency is relative to the web velocity and drop deposits according to f ing member.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 and further comprising a plurality of rows of sensors arranged in spaced positions corresponding to the arrangement of said arrays and means for transporting a representation of said master intelligence input past said sensors at a velocity corresponding to the velocity of the receiving member.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 3, comprising:
  • a drive for said transporting means coordinated to said transport drive means to cause a one-to-one reproduction of elemental areas of said master intelligence on said receiving member.
  • Apparatus for the rapid precise placement of small drops of liquid in a pattern of predetermined width on a receiving member continuously moving in a direction lengthwise of the pattern comprising:
  • stimulator means imposing on all the jets continuous vibration at a predetermined frequency to cause each of said liquid jets to break into individual drops identical as to size and velocity and equally spaced from each other;
  • said means controlling said charge applying means including:
  • reading means having a plurality of sensors corresponding in number to the number of orifices in said array
  • said reading means being mounted to scan the entire width of said master
  • the master to be reproduced is an optical representation of the pattern
  • said supporting means including a rotatable cylinder
  • said reading means including a plurality of optical fibers arranged across said cylinder in spaced positions corresponding to the arrangement of the orifices in said arrays,
  • said sensors comprising a plurality of photoelectric transducers, each one receiving light from a corresponding one of said optical fibers;
  • said driving means being connected to rotate said cylinder past the opposite ends of said optical fibers.
  • Apparatus for the rapid precise placement of small drops of liquid in a pattern of predetermined width on a receiving member moving in a lengthwise direction comprising:
  • each array communicating with said liquid pressure supply to develop a series of laterally spaced liquid jets directed along parallel equally spaced paths toward said receiving member;
  • said jets being spaced laterally from each other by a distance greater than the minimum spacing desired for adjacent areas on said receiving member
  • switching means for selectively applying electrostatic charges to selected drops from the jets of both of said arrays

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  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Fax Reproducing Arrangements (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
US768790A 1968-10-18 1968-10-18 Image construction system using multiple arrays of drop generators Expired - Lifetime US3560641A (en)

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US76879068A 1968-10-18 1968-10-18

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JP (1) JPS492848B1 (ja)
BE (1) BE735457A (ja)
CH (1) CH515125A (ja)
DE (1) DE1941680C3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2020962A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1278452A (ja)
HK (1) HK22177A (ja)
NL (1) NL161600C (ja)
SE (1) SE358982B (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL161600C (nl) 1980-02-15
DE1941680B2 (de) 1975-01-09
DE1941680A1 (de) 1970-04-30
JPS492848B1 (ja) 1974-01-23
CH515125A (de) 1971-11-15
SE358982B (ja) 1973-08-13
HK22177A (en) 1977-05-20
DE1941680C3 (de) 1975-08-14
NL161600B (nl) 1979-09-17
NL6914597A (ja) 1970-04-21
GB1278452A (en) 1972-06-21
FR2020962A1 (ja) 1970-07-17
BE735457A (fr) 1969-12-16

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