US3555471A - Automatic breaker with coil adjustable to effect current limiting or electrodynamic blowoff compensation - Google Patents

Automatic breaker with coil adjustable to effect current limiting or electrodynamic blowoff compensation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3555471A
US3555471A US709101A US3555471DA US3555471A US 3555471 A US3555471 A US 3555471A US 709101 A US709101 A US 709101A US 3555471D A US3555471D A US 3555471DA US 3555471 A US3555471 A US 3555471A
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United States
Prior art keywords
stationary
coil
series coil
automatic
current
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Expired - Lifetime
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US709101A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gennady Feodosievic Mitskevich
Vladislav Yakovlevich Guschin
Jury Nikolaevich Vorontsov
Vladimir Avramovic Boguslavsky
Anatoly Mikhailovic Bela-Belov
Viktor Izrailevich Rakhlis
Viktor Revoldovich Oktyabrev
Oleg Ivanovich Artsybashev
Fedor Andreevich Vakhomchik
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VNI I PK I ELECTR OAPPARATOV
VSESOJUZNY NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKY I PROEKTNO-KONSTRUKTORSKY INSTITUT ELECTR OAPPARATOV
Original Assignee
VNI I PK I ELECTR OAPPARATOV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/107—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by the blow-off force generating means, e.g. current loops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force

Definitions

  • An automatic breaker includes a movable contact system and a stationary contact system operatively associated with one another.
  • the stationary contact system is constituted as a series coil having both a movable and stationary member.
  • the stationary member is adjustably supported so that it can be turned 180 from a first position to alter the electrodynamic forces exerted by the stationary member on the movable member.
  • the stationary member when in the first position constitutes the series coil as a current limiter and when turned 180 therefrom constitutes the series coil as a compensator.
  • the present invention relates to automatic breakers intended for short-circuit and overload protection in electrical units, as well as for occasional operational switchings of AC and D-C circuits and, more particularly, to automatic breakers intended for the operation in both current-limiting (quick-action) and selective protection duties.
  • automatic breakers e.g. triplepole breakers, comprising a control mechanism, a maximum current release gear, and movable and stationary systems of contacts in each of the poles, either of the contact systems being provided with arcing horns arranged under arcing suppressors.
  • automatic breakers e.g. triple-pole selective breakers with electrodynamic compensators
  • automatic breakers of increased switching capacity with built-in quick-break fuses are also known.
  • the system of stationary contact is fashioned as at least a double-Wound series coil serving as an electrodynamic device, and consists of a movable part functioning as a stationary contact, and of a stationary part.
  • the point of "ice connection of these parts of the series coil and their shape are selected such as to permit a turn of the stationary part of said coil in relation to its longitudinal axis, provided the position of its movable part insuring normal closure of the contacts remains invariable.
  • the turn of the stationary part of the series coil varies the direction of electrodynamic impact on the movable part of said coil and, depending upon the position of its stationary part, permits the use of the coil both as a current limiter in the current-limiting version of the breaker and as a compensator in its selective version.
  • the movable and stationary parts of the series coil may be U-shaped, while it is feasible that the point of connection of these parts be between the sides of the U-shaped stationary part of the coil.
  • one of the sides of the latter may be arranged inside the stationary part of the coil, while the other side is arranged on its exterior.
  • the movable part of the coil may have an elongated end serving as an arcing horn for the stationary contact.
  • the stationary part of the series coil may have a lead-out arrangement symmetrically with respect to the sides of said part, one of which sides may support the stationary part within the breaker.
  • said longitudinal portions be connected to one another with a clearance so as to permit their self-setting when the breaker contacts are closed.
  • the surfaces of said horns facing each other may be provided with projections arranged below the working surface of the horns.
  • the automatic breaker may be fitted with a device for insuring contact pressure and automatic lowering of the working contacts of the compensator.
  • the device for insuring the contact pressure and automatic lowering of the working contacts of the compensator in the form of a spring, a bushing and a rod, the latter passing inside said spring and bushing and having a nut on one of its ends and a head on the other end, and movable inside the bushing secured in the automatic breaker body. It is feasible that the spring of said device be resting against the nut at one of its ends and against the bushing at the other end.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a general view of the automatic breaker, according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a series coil of the automatic breaker, which is used as current limiter, side view;
  • FIG. 3 is a series coil of the automatic breaker, which is used as a compensator, side view;
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a series coil of the automatic breaker, which is used as compensator with a device insuring the contact pressure and automatic lowering of the working contacts, side view;
  • FIG. 6 shows a joint A in FIG. 5, on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 7 (a, b and c) is the diagram of the current fiow through the contact systems of the automatic breaker, according to the invention.
  • a plastic body 1 (FIG. 1) of the automatic breaker Enclosed in a plastic body 1 (FIG. 1) of the automatic breaker are: a breaker-controlling mechanism 2 coupled with a handle 3, a maximum current release gear for switching otf the automatic breaker in case of emergency conditions of a protected circuit, a system 5 of movable contacts and a system 6 of stationary contacts.
  • the systems 5 and 6 are arranged in each pole of the automatic breaker beneath an arcing device consisting of steel plates 7 secured in insulation walls 8 and a fire-extinguishing grid 9.
  • the system 5 of movable contacts comprises a working contact 10 and a current-conducting contact holder 11 which is coupled with a lead-out busbar 13 by means of a flexible connection 12.
  • the contact holder 11 is provided with an arcing horn 14.
  • the contact holders 11 of each pole of the automatic breaker are coupled with the handle 3 intended for operating the automatic breaker.
  • the system 6 of stationary contacts is made as a doublewound series coil sewing as an electrodynamic device.
  • the series coil functioning as a stationary contact consists of movable and stationary parts 15 and 16 respectively, both U-shaped.
  • the point of connection of said U-shaped movable and stationary parts is arranged between the sides of the stationary part so that one of the U-shaped sides of the movable part 15 of the coil lies within the stationary part 16, whereas the other side is placed on the outer side thereof.
  • This largely increases the electrodynamic impact on the movable part 15 of the coil, as the occurrence of arcing in the contact systems of the automatic breaker results in a current circuit forming an additional coil (FIG. 70).
  • the point of connection of the movable and the stationary parts 15 and 16 respectively, of the series coil is equidistant from the sides of the stationary part so that the size g is equal to the size g (FIGS. 2, 3, and 5).
  • Such an embodiment of the movable and stationary parts 15 and 16 respectively, of the coil and the selection of the point of their connection permit, provided the position of the movable part 15 remains invariable, the turning of the stationary part 16 of the coil by 180 in relation to its longitudinal axis and the use of the series coil as both a current limiter (FIG. 2) and a compensator (FIGS. 3 and 5), as this turn of the stationary part 16 of the series coil changes the direction of electrodynamic impact 'on its movable part 15.
  • One of the ends of the U-shaped stationary part of the series coil has a lead-out 17 serving as a connection for the outer conductors and is symmetrical or equally spaced from both of its sides so that the distance B is equal to the distance B (FIGS. 2, 3 and 5), while its other end is connected to the movable part 15 of the coil by means of a prop 18 and a current-leading hinge 19.
  • the symmetrical arrangement of the lead-out 17 in relation to the sides of the stationary part 15 permits a setting of the stationary part 16, after its turn by 180, which insures a permanent and stable contact of the movable part 15 with the working contact 10.
  • the movable part 15 of the series coil functioning as stationary contact has a working contact 20.
  • the series coil When the series coil is used as a current limiter (the current-limiting version of the automatic breaker, FIG. 2), its stationary part -16 is secured to the body 1 of the automatic breaker with a side having the lead-out 17, in case said series coil is employed as a compensator (the selective version of the automatic breaker), it is fastened with its other side to whose end the prop 18 (FIGS. 3 and 5) is attached. Both sides of the U-shaped stationary part 16 of the series coil are provided with apertures 21 insuring the support of said coil by the automatic breaker body 1 by means of screws 22.
  • the movable part 15 of the series coil with its contact 20 is divided into two longitudinal parts, each having an elongated end 23 serving as an arcing horn.
  • the division of the movable part 15 insures a more stable magnitude of the operation current of the current limiter.
  • its movable part 15 is influenced by the sum of two forces, i.e., the stable force of the electrodynamie circuit induced by the series coil, and the unstable force of the contacts repulsion.
  • the division of the movable part 15 of the series coil helps decrease the unstable component of the sum of the forces and thus decrease the spread of the operation current of the whole series coil circuit.
  • the division of the movable part 15 of the series coil permits a better centering of the arc whose point of bearing tends to travel along a slot dividing the arcing horns 23, as well as improves the conditions of heat emission in the case of prolonged current flow.
  • the division of the movable part 15 of the series coil may occasionally cause irregular distribution of the current in it, which brings about an asynchronous disconnection of the contacts 20.
  • the divided movable part 15 of the series coil has a connection by means of a roller 24 (FIG. 4) passing through apertures 25. This connection is made with a clearance, thus insuring a selfsetting of the working contacts 20 when the automatic breaker is in ON-position.
  • the sides of the arcing horns 23 are provided with projections 26, laterally engageable with one another which are below the working surface of the arcing horns 23 along which the are bearing point travels.
  • Electric contact in the current-leading hinge 19 coupling the movable and stationary parts 15 and 16 respectively, of the series coil is effected simultaneously in two ways: through the conjugated surfaces of the divided movable part 15 of the series coil and the prop 18, as well as through the surface of a current-conducting axis 27 and the surface of the apertures in the movable parts 15 of the series coil and the prop 18.
  • the surfaces of the divided movable part 15 of the series coil and the prop 18 carry straps 30 made of a material possessing high conductivity and mechanical strength (for instance, metal ceramics on a sliver basis).
  • the provision of the series coil as a compensator insures high electrodynamic stability of the contact system of the automatic breaker.
  • said electrodynamic stability can be made still higher by lowering of the working contacts so as to compensate the springing effect of the parts of the control mechanism 2, but this reduces the switching capacity of the automatic breaker.
  • the electrodynamic stability of the working contacts of the automatic breaker may be increased by employing, instead of the spring 31 insuring only contact pressure, a device 34 (FIG. which, in addition to the provision of contact pressure, automatically lowers the working contacts when strong currents flow through the series coil, without affecting the switching capacity of the automatic breaker.
  • the device 34 comprises a rod 35 (FIG. 6) passing through a Spring 36 insuring contact pressure and a bushing 37.
  • Said bushing 37 is screwed into the shoe 33 secured in the body 1 of the automatic breaker.
  • the rod has, on one of its ends, a head 38 provided inside the bushing 37 and a nut 39 on the other end.
  • the spring 36 rests againt said bushing 37, and against the nut 39 by the other end.
  • the extent of compression of the spring 36 conditions the force of contact pressure.
  • the device 34 is an independent unit which can be unscrewed from the body 1 of the automatic breaker and which allows the adjustment of the contact pressure outside the automatic breaker by way of fastening the nut 39 on the rod 35.
  • the handle 3 In order to actuate the automatic breaker, the handle 3 (FIG. 1) is transferred into position C. As a result, the control mechanism 2 rapidly shifts the contact holders 11 and instantly closes the working contacts and 20 (FIGS. 2, 3 and 5), said closure being independent of the speed of the travel of the handle 3.
  • the electrodynamic circuit induced by the series coil which is used as a current limiter, as well as means for compressing the spring 31, are selected such that the turn of the movable part 15 takes place only after the current has reached a certain magnitude, i.e. the current of electrodynamic setting.
  • the magnitude of this current is greater than the magnitude of the current causing the operation of the maximum current release gear 4.
  • the same spring 31 insures contact pressure when the working contacts 10 and (FIG. 2) are closed.
  • the maximum current release gear 4 becomes operable to actuate the control mechanism 2 which is quick to respond and which, in its turn, withdraws the contact holders 11 keeping them separated so as to ensure a preset clearance between the contacts 10 and 20.
  • the handle 3 occupies the position D.
  • the movable part 15 of the series coil used as a current limiter remains in a turned position (FIG. as a result of the current flowing through it, as long as the arc exist.
  • the movable part 15 of the series coil returns to the initial position under the action of the spring 31, the contact holders 11 being in a withdrawn position (FIG. 1).
  • the selective automatic breaker makes it a condition that its contacts in case of strong currents be closed within a preset time, i.e., prevent an electrodynamic discard caused by the forces of current line narrowings in an area of their convergence in the contact point of the working contacts.
  • This condition is feasible owing to the use of the series coil as a compensator.
  • the stationary part 16 of said coil should be turned as is shown in FIG. 3. The flow through this coil is strong currents results in the emergence of electrodynamic forces tending to turn the movable part 15 of said coil toward a pointer L (FIGS. 7a and 3), thus biasing the working contacts 20 against the contacts 10 and preventing them from breaking until the preset period of time elapses.
  • the automatic lowering of the working contacts of the automatic breaker without reducing the switching capacity is conditioned by the fact that the flow of strong currents through the series coil used as a compensator, its movable part 15 may turn toward the pointer L until the clearance 6, is fully used up, withdrawing from the rod 35.
  • the spring 28, in addition to effecting contact pressure on the current-conducting axis 27, returns, with the automatic breaker disconnected, the movable part 15 of the series coil to the initial position, pressing it to the rod 35.
  • the moment created by the spring 28 in relation to the current-conducting axis 27 is far less than the moment created by the spring 36.
  • the device is particularly effective if the lowering of the breaker contacts becomes smaller in the course of its operation, say, at the expense of the wear of the working contacts 10 and 20, as well as the Wear of the parts of the control mechanism 2. Consequently, the provision of the device 34 increases the dependability and prolongs the service life of the automatic breaker.
  • the switching position of said automatic breaker is determined by adjusting the handle 3 (FIG. 1).
  • the handle 3 occupies the position C; if said breaker is disconnected manually, the handle is in the position K.
  • the position D indicates the automatic disconnection of the breaker.
  • the proposed automatic breaker has small overall dimension and can be manufactured from analogous members both in the current-limiting and selective versions.
  • said automatic breaker insures quick and reliable action while in the selective version its advantage is high electrodynamic stability of the working contacts.
  • the present automatic breaker insures reliable protection against overloads and short circuits in powerful electric circuits (grids), permitting direct manual and remote control and is prepared for repeated engagement after disconnecting short-circuit currents.
  • An automatic breaker comprising movable contact means and stationary contact means operatively associated with one another, said stationary contact means being constituted as a series coil including a plurality of turns and serving as electrodynamic means and further including a movable and a stationary member, said stationary member acting to exert electrodynamic forces on said movable member, said stationary member being adjustably supported to be selectively turned from a first position to a second position 180 from said first position, whereby the extent of said electro-dynamic forces exerted by said stationary member on said movable member is selectively altered, said stationary member when in said first position acting to constitute said series coil as a current limiter and when in said second position acting to constitute said series coil as a compensator.
  • An automatic breaker as claimed in claim 1 including adjustable means for adjusting the contact pressure between said movable contact means and said stationary contact means, said adjustable means comprising a bushing secured to said breaker, a rod including opposite end portions, one of which is a head shiftably extending into said bushing, a nut adjustably secured to the other end portion of said rod, and a spring engaging said nut and said bushing, said other end portion of said rod being engageable with said movable member of said stationary contact means.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
US709101A 1968-02-28 1968-02-28 Automatic breaker with coil adjustable to effect current limiting or electrodynamic blowoff compensation Expired - Lifetime US3555471A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70910168A 1968-02-28 1968-02-28
DE19681763007 DE1763007B2 (de) 1968-02-28 1968-03-21 Selbstschalter
GB05970/68A GB1189948A (en) 1968-02-28 1968-04-03 An Automatic Circuit Breaker
FR158346 1968-07-08
BE726591 1969-01-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3555471A true US3555471A (en) 1971-01-12

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US709101A Expired - Lifetime US3555471A (en) 1968-02-28 1968-02-28 Automatic breaker with coil adjustable to effect current limiting or electrodynamic blowoff compensation

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US (1) US3555471A (fr)
BE (1) BE726591A (fr)
DE (1) DE1763007B2 (fr)
FR (1) FR1588512A (fr)
GB (1) GB1189948A (fr)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943472A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-03-09 Square D Company Current limiting circuit breaker
US4039983A (en) * 1975-08-26 1977-08-02 Merlin Gerin High-speed high-current circuit interrupter having electrodynamically operated arcing contacts
US4158827A (en) * 1977-06-21 1979-06-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Current limiting contactor
US4237355A (en) * 1977-01-25 1980-12-02 La Telemecanique Electrique Blowing element
US4370636A (en) * 1981-04-03 1983-01-25 General Electric Company Electromagnetic dual break contactor
US4388506A (en) * 1979-02-07 1983-06-14 Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Circuit interrupter
US4454395A (en) * 1981-02-27 1984-06-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Circuit breaker
US4511774A (en) * 1983-12-08 1985-04-16 Eaton Corporation Current limiting contact arrangement
EP0185277A2 (fr) * 1984-12-18 1986-06-25 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur électrique
US4611106A (en) * 1983-05-09 1986-09-09 General Electric Company Circuit breaker contact structure
US4654491A (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-03-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker with contact support and arc runner
US4654490A (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-03-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Reverse loop circuit breaker with high impedance stationary conductor
US4804933A (en) * 1988-04-01 1989-02-14 Brown Industrial Gas, Inc. Automatic transfer switch
EP0255016B1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1993-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elément interrupteur limitant le courant
US5583328A (en) * 1992-07-02 1996-12-10 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha High voltage switch including U-shaped, slitted stationary contact assembly with arc extinguishing/magnetic blowout features
US5898148A (en) * 1997-01-11 1999-04-27 Klockner Moeller Gmbh Coil shaped terminal for an electrodynamically operated circuit breaker
CN102903576A (zh) * 2012-10-27 2013-01-30 东莞市三友联众电器有限公司 磁保持继电器的簧片开关组件
US10453629B2 (en) * 2015-05-05 2019-10-22 Sooar (Beijing) Investment Management Group Co., Ltd. Contactor and contactor system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2503929A1 (fr) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-15 Kruglyansky Igor Procede d'interruption automatique de la charge et interrupteur automatique de la charge pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
DE3901852A1 (de) * 1989-01-23 1990-07-26 Kloeckner Moeller Elektrizit Kontaktsystem fuer strombegrenzende leistungsschalter
DE102007034526B3 (de) * 2007-07-24 2009-02-19 Siemens Ag Elektrische Schutzeinrichtung
US9412549B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-08-09 General Electric Company Electromagnetically enhanced contact separation in a circuit breaker

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943472A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-03-09 Square D Company Current limiting circuit breaker
US4039983A (en) * 1975-08-26 1977-08-02 Merlin Gerin High-speed high-current circuit interrupter having electrodynamically operated arcing contacts
US4237355A (en) * 1977-01-25 1980-12-02 La Telemecanique Electrique Blowing element
US4158827A (en) * 1977-06-21 1979-06-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Current limiting contactor
US4388506A (en) * 1979-02-07 1983-06-14 Terasaki Denki Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Circuit interrupter
US4454395A (en) * 1981-02-27 1984-06-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Circuit breaker
US4370636A (en) * 1981-04-03 1983-01-25 General Electric Company Electromagnetic dual break contactor
US4611106A (en) * 1983-05-09 1986-09-09 General Electric Company Circuit breaker contact structure
US4511774A (en) * 1983-12-08 1985-04-16 Eaton Corporation Current limiting contact arrangement
EP0185277A3 (en) * 1984-12-18 1988-11-30 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Electric-circuit breaker
EP0185277A2 (fr) * 1984-12-18 1986-06-25 Asea Brown Boveri Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur électrique
US4654491A (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-03-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Circuit breaker with contact support and arc runner
US4654490A (en) * 1986-03-03 1987-03-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Reverse loop circuit breaker with high impedance stationary conductor
AU586734B2 (en) * 1986-03-03 1989-07-20 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Circuit breaker with contact support and arc runner
EP0255016B1 (fr) * 1986-07-31 1993-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elément interrupteur limitant le courant
US4804933A (en) * 1988-04-01 1989-02-14 Brown Industrial Gas, Inc. Automatic transfer switch
US5583328A (en) * 1992-07-02 1996-12-10 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha High voltage switch including U-shaped, slitted stationary contact assembly with arc extinguishing/magnetic blowout features
US5596184A (en) * 1992-07-02 1997-01-21 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Switch including a moving element, a repelling element and a conductor
US5898148A (en) * 1997-01-11 1999-04-27 Klockner Moeller Gmbh Coil shaped terminal for an electrodynamically operated circuit breaker
CN102903576A (zh) * 2012-10-27 2013-01-30 东莞市三友联众电器有限公司 磁保持继电器的簧片开关组件
US8587394B1 (en) * 2012-10-27 2013-11-19 Dongguan Sanyou Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd. Reed switch assembly of magnetic latching relay
CN102903576B (zh) * 2012-10-27 2015-06-03 东莞市三友联众电器有限公司 磁保持继电器的簧片开关组件
US10453629B2 (en) * 2015-05-05 2019-10-22 Sooar (Beijing) Investment Management Group Co., Ltd. Contactor and contactor system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1763007B2 (de) 1972-03-30
GB1189948A (en) 1970-04-29
FR1588512A (fr) 1970-04-17
BE726591A (fr) 1969-07-08
DE1763007A1 (de) 1971-03-11

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