US3554268A - Vacuum melting furnace and method - Google Patents

Vacuum melting furnace and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3554268A
US3554268A US719188A US3554268DA US3554268A US 3554268 A US3554268 A US 3554268A US 719188 A US719188 A US 719188A US 3554268D A US3554268D A US 3554268DA US 3554268 A US3554268 A US 3554268A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
ladle
furnace
chambers
metal
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US719188A
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English (en)
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Kendrick C Taylor
Herman R Hutchinson
Gilbert Wagner
Michael J Blasko
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Pennwalt Corp
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Pennwalt Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould

Definitions

  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide ametal refining and casting plant in which the furnace may, be charged and the metal refined therein while being subjectto high vacuum treatment withoutinterfering with loading, casting, or unloading operations of a-previous batchof molds.
  • a still further object of'this invention is'to provide a metal refining and casting plant in which metal being cast into ingots under higher vacuum degassing treatment does not interfere with charging operations of the refining furnace.
  • I Yet still another object of this invention is to provide a steel degassing plant which will eliminate the need for overhead cranes.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a steel casting plant in which higher cycle pouring efficiency can be obtained either under atmospheric or vacuum conditions.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a steel refining, casting and degassing plant in which a single operator. can control all operations under full field of vision from a remote and safe distance with comfort.
  • Yet another object of. this invention is to provide a steel refining, casting and degassing plant in which the operators can control all systems without being subject to exposure to great heat or splashing molten metal.
  • metallurgical refining plant in which conventional and less expensive accessory equipment can be employed, for example, mold cars and locomotion devices.
  • the foregoing objects are achieved through the use of a multiple chambered vacuum refining plant in which charging of the furnace together with heating, melting, stirring, refining, and pouring of the metal are effected in a first chamber having a high vacuum applied thereto.
  • the second chamber which is for casting is adjoined the first chamber and also has means for applying a high vacuum thereto.
  • the two chambers are adapted to be isolated from each other by means of a valve in the form of a sliding door which can be sealed against either chamber.
  • the molten metal from the furnace is tilted to discharge its molten contents into a mobile ladle which is now in the first chamber.
  • the ladle is optionally rotatable and is mounted upon wheels for conveyance on tracks through the door valve into the second chamber, the latter having been already evacuated and in communication with the first chamber. Mold cars have been previously moved into the second chamber prior to its evacuation and are now arranged therein two abreast. The mobile ladle is then caused to advance through the second chamber which-is under vacuum and in its advancement is swung from side to side about the rotatable axis for tapping the molten metal contained therein the pas t,the prior constructions necessitated movement of the molds to the detriment of uniform solidification patterns; 3
  • an object of this invention to.provide' an ap-- paratus and methodfor. the vacuum refining of'molten metal into the molds without using a tundish orother secondary refractory device. While the casting is occurring under, vacuum conditions in the second chamber, the sliding door valvecan be closed, and the furnace may be recharged or even during charging intoand refiningwithin a furnace and then S casting the moltenmetalintoingots.
  • Another object of this-invention is to provide a degassing-plant in which perfectly 'uniform and ultraclean 'molten repaired under atmospheric conditions without afi'ecting operations in the second or casting chamber.
  • the moldcars can be rolled out of the second chamber through another tunnel door after first isolating via the valve door the first chamber which may be under vacuum during refining operations. Hence, operations can be conducted in either chamber without interfering with the simultaneous operation of the other chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view and partly broken away of a molten metal degassing plant em bodying this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 22 of FIG. I.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 33 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along lines 5-5 of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along lines 6-6 of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along lines 7-7 of FIG. I.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along lines 8-8 of FIG. 7.
  • a molten metal degassing plant comprising a first chamber, generally designated as A, a furnace B for melting and refining molten metal in the first chamber under high vacuum conditions, a second chamber C for pouring molten metal into molds D under high vacuum conditions and a rotatable ladle and wagon, generally designated as E, receiving the molten metal from the furnace for transportation and delivery to the molds.
  • the vacuum chamber A comprises a reinforced steel housing 12 of such a configuration and cubic dimensions as will freely contain the furnace B, the mobile ladle E, and permit free access to and operation of both the ladle and the furnace, the latter being tiltable for pouring.
  • the housing I2 may have a metal shell surrounding an interior refractory surface in order to provide insulation and prevent heat loss to the exterior.
  • Both the housing 12 and the furnace B are supported on a steel deck I4 which is mounted on a pad 16 of I-beams in turn supported upon suitable reinforced concrete construction.
  • a hopper I8 is coupled to the upper portion of the housing I2 and over an opening 19 therein directly above the furnace B.
  • the hopper 18 is adapted to be loaded with a hot or cold charge of metal, alloying materials, slag forming materials, and other oxidizers or deoxidizing ingredients. Control of the feeding of the material within the hopper 18 is effected through an interlock valve 20 interposed above flange 22.
  • the valve 20 When bulk charging, the valve 20 is opened and a predetermined amount of material is fed through the interlock and the charge lowered into the furnace B. As the material is loaded into the furnace B, it is exposed to the evacuated environment within the chamber A whereupon it is preliminarily degassed. Where a hot charge of molten metal is teemed through the opening I9 via a ladle 24 mounted on flange 22, the action is similar to the stream degassing technique.
  • a sight port 26 permits observation of the interior operations.
  • Transversely extending across the top of the chamber A are a pair of rails 28 on which charging cars 30 are carried.
  • Bulk charging containers 32 are carried to the site by rail trucks 34 and are elevated to the charging cars 30 by means of a crane (not shown).
  • the preliminary teeming ladle 24 may be mounted upon the top of the chamber A and the crane may load the hot charge of metal into the teeming ladle for stream degassing into the furnace B.
  • the chamber A is coupled to a multistage steam jet high vacuum system 36 through a conduit 38 so that the pressure within the chamber can be evacuated down to a few microns.
  • a separate conduit 40 couples the evacuation system 36 to the chamber C.
  • the preferable refining apparatus 1 s a coreless induction furnace because of its compatibility with an evacuated environment and because of its ability to produce stirring as well as heat by the eddy currents produced thereby.
  • the furnace B includes a generally cylindrical container portion 42, of 15 ton capacity for example, and which has a lip 44 for pouring molten metal therefrom into the ladle E.
  • the container portion 42 includes interior refractories which are resistant to high temperature and chemical attack of molten metal therein, and the induction coils (not shown) are mounted in a conventional manner, not forming an integral part of this invention.
  • Trunnions 46 extending outwardly from the container portion are carried in pillow blocks 48 on either side.
  • the pillow blocks 48 are themselves mounted upon stationary stanchions 50 through piston drive cylinders 52 and 54. All controls for the furnace B are located exterior to the chamber A so that its charging, heating, and pouring can all be accommodated at a safe, remote position. To discharge the contents of the furnace, the drive cylinders 52 and 54 are actuated to raise and then tilt the furnace and its contents will be poured from its lip 44 into the ladle E.
  • the chamber C includes a portion below the level of the chamber A, which is known as the mold tunnel for containing the mold cars, and an upper portion in which is suspended tracks 60 at the same level as track section 56 supporting the ladle E in chamber A.
  • the chamber C is also of reinforced steel beam construction and includes an I-beam bed 64 for supporting tracks 66 on which the mold cars E roll.
  • a blind wall 68 of the chamber C defines the end of the mold tunnel immediately adjacent chamber A.
  • the ceiling 70 is suspended from overhanging girders 72.
  • Valve member F which constitutes a sliding door panel, is suspended from the girders 72 to isolate when sealably closed by pressure in either direction or to permit communication between the two chambers A and C when open.
  • a sliding closure G is supported from the opposite entrance to the chamber C to permit ingress and egress of the mold cars D and to seal off the end of the chamber C as desired.
  • the mold cars D are of generally conventional construction and each includes a compartmentalized cart in which is carried a plurality of molds 82.
  • the molds 82 are of a convenient configuration and cubic dimensions for forming ingots of the desired size.
  • One or more generally cylindrical molds 82 may be supported within each compartment in the cart 80.
  • the mold cars D are delivered by a transfer carriage 84 which is wheeled over tracks 86.
  • Two sets of tracks 88 and 90 are carried upon the transfer carriages 82 in perpendicular relationship to the tracks 86.
  • An electric motor 92 is employed on each of the mold cars D to drive them two abreast through bridge 94 carrying intermediate transfer tracks 96.
  • the mold transfer carriage 84 is operable by a piston-cylinder drive assembly 98 to permit moving of the mold cars D to a storage stagion for the ingots.
  • the mobile ladle assembly E comprises an electrically or hydraulically driven wagon I00 which is mounted on flanged wheels 102 for rolling engagement with tracks 56 in the furnace chamber A, with tracks 60 in the casting chamber C over the mold tunnel, and on tracks 104 at a ladle heating station on top of bridge 94.
  • Pivotal track sections 106 and 107 permit continuity of the rail guide line through the chamber passageway and entranceway and can be operated to be swung out of the way to allow sealing engagement of door valve F and entrance gate G as required.
  • the ladle wagon I00 includes a turntable cradle 106 rotatably supported thereon for detachably carrying ladle I08.
  • the cradle 106 has a plurality of casters 110 which are guided in a circular raceway I12 on the platform of the wagon I00.
  • a heavy chain [I4 is welded to the periphery of the eradle I06 and is engaged by sprockets I16 driven by remote controlled electric or hydraulic motors 118. While the cradle 106 can rotate through a 360 arc, in the application of teem- 7 cars.
  • the ladle wagon 100 can be caused to traverse thetracks 56, 106, 60,.
  • the ladle 108 is a conventional teeming ladle which includes a refractory lining.
  • a stopper rod 128 suspended from .crossarm 130 is used to plug the nozzle opening 132 atthe bottom of the ladle..Crossarm 130.is coupled to the upper end of piston actuator 134. which is reciprocablyoperated in drive cylinder 136.
  • Drive cylinder 136 is suitably mounted-upon the exterior of the ladle 108, as shown in FIG. 5', or itmay be carried by the ladle car 100. Raising the stopper rod 128 from its plugged engagement with outlet nozzle 132 by a. remote control will permit the molten contents in the ladle 108 to teem into the molds 82 carried in the now stationary mold-cars-D therebelow.
  • a suitable cover 138 may be lowered upon the top of the ladle v108 to act as a radiation shield, as an insulation lid, and to prevent splashing.
  • door valve F which is located between the'furnace chamber A and mold chamber C in this case may suitably be-a slidingsteel panel 140 which is suspended from a trolley 142.
  • the trolley 142 includes a bracket 144 bolted to the top of thepanel 140 adjacent each end thereof and sheavewheels 146 on which thebrackets depend.
  • a tie rod v152 connects the trolleys .142 and is reciprocably operative by a suitable drive side of the passageway.
  • the frame 156 thus defines a vacuum tight box.
  • Annular'elastomeric seals or gaskets l58 and 160 are carried upon each of the opposing surfaces of the panel 140 in annulargrooves formed therein and define complete margins thereabout. See US. Pat. No. 3,248,119.
  • piston actuating members 162 and 164 urge the panel against the opposite inside wall of the frame.
  • actuators 162 would be operative to urge the panel 140 toward the opposite 'wall of the framel56 when the furnace chamber A was evacuated.
  • Theseals 168 wouldthus form a positive closure thereagainst as a result of atmospheric pressure in the chamber C forcing the panel toward the furnace chamber A nowoperating under vacuum.
  • the actuators. 164 would urge thepanel 14.0 and its seal 160 against the chamber C wall .of the frame 156 when the mold tunnel was under vacuum to effect a closure thereabout and isolate furnace chamber A from mold chamber C.
  • the panel 140 is retracted from within the-frame 156, the. two chambers A and C are in full. communication with each other and the superstructure 150 and'the opposing sideland bottom of the frame l56 would maintain a vacu'um-tight enclosure about the mouth of the passageway.
  • the entranceway G need only be sealed in one direction, and that would occur whenever vacuum would be applied-to the chamber C.
  • Thedoorl70 is also suspended by a trolley 174 carried. on overhanging rails 176 adjacent the upper portion of the mold tunnel entrancewhen the door 170 is reciprocated to close over the entranceway G, the seal 172 is urged against a flanged buck 178 peripherally extending thereabout.”
  • the mode of operation or the present invention can either be under full vacuum conditions in order to effect maximum refining of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen entrainment as well as carbon deoxidation and reduction of oxides and silicates. Where desirable the plant may be operated under-full atmospheric conditions or also in anenvironment of inert gas, such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
  • inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium.
  • the ladle 108 is carried on wheels from its loading position adjacent the furnace B over to and above the molds 82. Atno time is an intermediate conduit or tundish required since the ladle is teemed directly into the molds one at a time. Atno time are the molds moved until alter solidification of the metal into ingots occurs. No mold car indexing is required since the ladle 108 is rotated or pivoted from side to side by itscradle 106 in its advancement over the molds.
  • valve door F is closed and the chamber A isolated from chamber C.
  • the furnace chamber-A- is evacuated and charging, melting and alloying begun.
  • the mold cars D are then moved through the entranceway G into the tunnel C. With entran ceway G closed, the mold chamber C is separately pumped down.
  • Valve door F may now be opened so that the two chambers A and C are in full communication with each other.
  • the furnace B is not charged with molten metal, the charge is stream degassed in its fallinto the furnace. Melting,
  • the mobileladle wagon E is wheeled through the open passageway-and is advanced over the mold cars D. While the ladle 108 is pivoted by its cradle 106 and the metal tapped into the molds, 82 therebelow on each side, the'valve door F may be closed. Actuators 164 move the valve door 140 against the mold chambers side of the frame 156.
  • the furnace chamber A maybe brought up to atmospheric conditions since the mold chamber C is fully isolated. A new charge can be etfected in the furnace B withoutinterfering with the pouring operation in the adjacent mold tunnel C.
  • the use of the rotatable mobile ladle completely avoids the necessity of using a tundish or launder together with their attendant problems of clogging.
  • the elimination of the intermediate refractory conduit removes the refractory contamination caused by suchvessels.
  • the instant invention fully eliminatesthe' need for accurate indexing the molds under the tundish-pourpoint. Since the moldsdo not have to be removed ;du ring.jin-. dexing, a shorter mold chamber or area is required. in addition, because the molds need not be moved at-all-during metal solidification, greater uniformity in ingots and castingsris 'ob-' tained.
  • the use of a ladle stopper rod to stop'the flowofsteel I trolled lateral motion occuringgfrom the momentum of the;
  • the operator can control the entire operation5at aisafe distance, since theentiresystem is automated.
  • the furnace can be charged at atmospheric pressure or in an atmosphere which will not contaminate casting.
  • the charging, melting, heating, stirring, refining, and pouring into the ladle can be conducted under high vacuum conditions while the mold cars are unloaded and/or loaded into the casting chamber.
  • the apparatus of the instant invention therefore provides greater efficiency with less peak loads and cleaner mold pouring with smaller installation sites and fewer personnel.
  • the rotatable ladle arrangement permits servicing of any pattern or configuration of molds within the range of the stopper rod area coverage without altering or adjusting the equipment.
  • Metal degassing apparatus comprising a first chamber, means for melting metal in said first chamber, a second chamber communicating with said first chamber, statically arranged mold means for casting metal in said second chamber, means for evacuating said first and second chambers, ladle means for receiving molten metal from said means for melting, means for conveying said ladle means for receiving from said first chamber into said second chamber to permit tapping the molten metal from said ladle means for receiving into said statically arranged mold means for casting metal.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 including means constituting a valve intermediate said first and second chambers, said valve when open permitting passage therethrough of said means for conveying to allow interdependent operations in the two chambers and when closed acting as a seal therebetween to permit isolation of said first and second chambers whereby independent operations in either chamber will not interfere with those in the other.
  • said means for conveying comprises a wheeled vehicle transportable on guides between said first and second chambers.
  • the apparatus of claim 3 including means in said vehicle for pivoting said means for receiving about a vertical axis.
  • said means constituting a valve comprises a panel interposable between adjacently spaced apart walls framing the passageway between said first and second chambers, an annular seal supported upon the surface of each side of said panel substantially complementary with the spaced apart walls, means to urge said panel and one of said seals against one of said spaced walls, means to urge said panel and the other of said seals against the other of said walls whereby a higher pressure in one of said chambers with respect to the other will reinforce sealing action of said panel against the said other chamber.
  • the apparatus of claim 2 including means for detachably closing an entranceway between said second chamber and atmosphere to permit ingress and egress of said means for castmg.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 including means for charging said means for melting by stream degassing.
  • each of said means is operatively controlled from a remote station external to said first and second chamber.
  • a method for refining molten metal comprising the steps of melting metal in a furnace contained within a first chamber operating under vacuum conditions, pouring the molten metal from the furnace into a ladle in the first chamber to permit gravimetric flotation of slag and other impurities, transporting the ladle to a second chamber in communication with the first chamber and also operating under vacuum conditions. advancing the ladle over molds statically arranged in at least one file within the second evacuated chamber, and teeming the molten metal from the ladle into successive molds all without using an intermediate refractory conduit.
  • the method of claim 9 including the additional step of stirring the molten metal being heated in the furnace.
  • the method of claim 9 including the additional step of isolating the two chambers from each other and performing operations in one chamber under vacuum conditions while the other chamber is under atmospheric conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US719188A 1968-04-05 1968-04-05 Vacuum melting furnace and method Expired - Lifetime US3554268A (en)

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US (1) US3554268A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1916775A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2005644A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1236514A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3601179A (en) * 1970-01-23 1971-08-24 Pennwalt Corp Multichamber directional solidification vacuum casting furnance
US3687191A (en) * 1969-06-18 1972-08-29 Howmet Corp Vacuum casting furnace
US3700026A (en) * 1969-12-25 1972-10-24 Daido Steel Co Ltd Ingot casting apparatus
US4365944A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-12-28 Leybold Heraeus Gmbh Plant with a tundish for producing metal powder
US5358027A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-10-25 Cmi International Vacuum-assisted gravity pour casting apparatus
DE4415855C1 (de) * 1994-05-05 1995-05-24 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh Feingußanlage mit Schleuse
US5590681A (en) * 1993-07-02 1997-01-07 Frank W. Schaefer, Inc. Valve assembly
US5725043A (en) * 1993-07-02 1998-03-10 Frank W. Schaefer, Inc. Low pressure casting process and apparatus
US5983973A (en) * 1993-05-10 1999-11-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for high throughput pressure casting
US6148899A (en) * 1998-01-29 2000-11-21 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Methods of high throughput pressure infiltration casting
US6360810B1 (en) 1999-02-23 2002-03-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Vacuum induction melting system
US6536136B2 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-03-25 Sony Corporation Substrate transfer apparatus and substrate method
US20130294473A1 (en) * 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 Kepco Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd. Melting apparatus for melt decontamination of radioactive metal waste
CN111440989A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-07-24 重庆钢铁研究所有限公司 一种高强度钢板用钢真空冶炼方法
CN112195313A (zh) * 2020-09-24 2021-01-08 江阴天田真空设备制造有限公司 一种应用于特钢厂二次精炼的真空脱气干式真空机组
WO2024087545A1 (zh) * 2022-10-24 2024-05-02 华北理工大学 一种多炉加压浇铸生产碳氮协同超高氮钢装置及方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114107589B (zh) * 2021-11-03 2023-03-31 钢铁研究总院 一种纯氢还原海绵铁的真空冶炼系统和真空冶炼方法

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE474303C (de) * 1929-03-28 Josef Fritz Luftdicht verschliessbare Schlackenkammer fuer Kupoloefen
US2142211A (en) * 1935-11-26 1939-01-03 Int Nickel Co Method of casting
US2854228A (en) * 1954-10-14 1958-09-30 Nat Res Corp Vacuum furnace useful in the production of metals
FR1205918A (fr) * 1957-04-12 1960-02-05 Geraetebau Anstalt Installation pour fusion et coulée sous vide
FR1238117A (fr) * 1958-10-25 1960-08-05 Alimanna Svenska Elek Ska Akti Rigole de coulée éclipsable pour fours de fusion sous vide élevé
DE1214359B (de) * 1963-04-05 1966-04-14 Balzers Vakuum G M B H Anlage zum Schmelzen und Giessen unter Vakuum

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE474303C (de) * 1929-03-28 Josef Fritz Luftdicht verschliessbare Schlackenkammer fuer Kupoloefen
US2142211A (en) * 1935-11-26 1939-01-03 Int Nickel Co Method of casting
US2854228A (en) * 1954-10-14 1958-09-30 Nat Res Corp Vacuum furnace useful in the production of metals
FR1205918A (fr) * 1957-04-12 1960-02-05 Geraetebau Anstalt Installation pour fusion et coulée sous vide
FR1238117A (fr) * 1958-10-25 1960-08-05 Alimanna Svenska Elek Ska Akti Rigole de coulée éclipsable pour fours de fusion sous vide élevé
DE1214359B (de) * 1963-04-05 1966-04-14 Balzers Vakuum G M B H Anlage zum Schmelzen und Giessen unter Vakuum

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3687191A (en) * 1969-06-18 1972-08-29 Howmet Corp Vacuum casting furnace
US3700026A (en) * 1969-12-25 1972-10-24 Daido Steel Co Ltd Ingot casting apparatus
US3601179A (en) * 1970-01-23 1971-08-24 Pennwalt Corp Multichamber directional solidification vacuum casting furnance
US4365944A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-12-28 Leybold Heraeus Gmbh Plant with a tundish for producing metal powder
US5358027A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-10-25 Cmi International Vacuum-assisted gravity pour casting apparatus
US6318442B1 (en) 1993-05-10 2001-11-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method of high throughput pressure casting
US5983973A (en) * 1993-05-10 1999-11-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for high throughput pressure casting
US5590681A (en) * 1993-07-02 1997-01-07 Frank W. Schaefer, Inc. Valve assembly
US5725043A (en) * 1993-07-02 1998-03-10 Frank W. Schaefer, Inc. Low pressure casting process and apparatus
DE4415855C1 (de) * 1994-05-05 1995-05-24 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh Feingußanlage mit Schleuse
US5503215A (en) * 1994-05-05 1996-04-02 Leybold Durferrit Gmbh Precision casting system with lock
US6148899A (en) * 1998-01-29 2000-11-21 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Methods of high throughput pressure infiltration casting
US6360809B1 (en) 1998-01-29 2002-03-26 Metal Matrix Cast Composites, Inc. Methods and apparatus for high throughput pressure infiltration casting
US6360810B1 (en) 1999-02-23 2002-03-26 Ati Properties, Inc. Vacuum induction melting system
US6523598B2 (en) 1999-02-23 2003-02-25 Ati Properties, Inc. Vacuum induction melting system
US6536136B2 (en) * 2000-01-28 2003-03-25 Sony Corporation Substrate transfer apparatus and substrate method
US20130294473A1 (en) * 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 Kepco Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd. Melting apparatus for melt decontamination of radioactive metal waste
US9253825B2 (en) * 2012-05-03 2016-02-02 Kepco Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd. Melting apparatus for melt decontamination of radioactive metal waste
CN111440989A (zh) * 2020-06-09 2020-07-24 重庆钢铁研究所有限公司 一种高强度钢板用钢真空冶炼方法
CN111440989B (zh) * 2020-06-09 2021-01-15 重庆钢铁研究所有限公司 一种高强度钢板用钢真空冶炼方法
CN112195313A (zh) * 2020-09-24 2021-01-08 江阴天田真空设备制造有限公司 一种应用于特钢厂二次精炼的真空脱气干式真空机组
WO2024087545A1 (zh) * 2022-10-24 2024-05-02 华北理工大学 一种多炉加压浇铸生产碳氮协同超高氮钢装置及方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB1236514A (en) 1971-06-23
FR2005644A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-12
DE1916775A1 (de) 1969-11-06

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