US3553337A - Circuit arrangement for imitating the touch of musical instruments with percussion - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for imitating the touch of musical instruments with percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3553337A
US3553337A US719832A US3553337DA US3553337A US 3553337 A US3553337 A US 3553337A US 719832 A US719832 A US 719832A US 3553337D A US3553337D A US 3553337DA US 3553337 A US3553337 A US 3553337A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
coil
diode
capacitor
touch
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Expired - Lifetime
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US719832A
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English (en)
Inventor
Popko Reinder Dijksterhuis
Casper Antonius Henric Mulkens
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/053—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only
    • G10H1/055—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by switches with variable impedance elements
    • G10H1/0555—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation during execution only by switches with variable impedance elements using magnetic or electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • the builduptime never exceeds milliseconds;
  • the term buildup time is to be understood'to mean the time in which the tonerises from zero to its-maximum amplitude. lri the known instrument, this is the time in which the capacitor is charged by a current of a coil in which,
  • this is achieved by biasing'the 'rectifying'element'so that only part of the touching pulse is Withthe sofiest touch, which is the touch producing sound vibrations which are just audible, the bias voltage has a considerably greater influence than with the strongest touch,
  • the part of the voltage pulse produced which ispassed by the rectifier has a duration equalto only part of the half period of this voltage pulse, whereas with'thestrongest touch substantially the whole voltage pulsev is passed and hence has a duration of substantially-a half period.
  • the ratio between the minimum intensity of touch, i.e. the intensity of touch with which the hammer just reaches the string, and the maximum intensity of touch is in practice approximately 1 100.
  • This ratio cor- corresponds to a ratio between the touching times of approximately l0 l and'between the amplitudes of the string of approximately l 10 so that the desired ratio between the capacitor voltages is also approximately 1 10.
  • the bias voltage exceeds half the peak value of the voltage pulse produced with the softest touch.
  • the ratio between the buildup times is at least 1.5
  • this bias voltage can be produced in any known manner, while in certain cases the threshold voltage of the rectifying element may advantageously be used.
  • the rectifying element may be biased by means of the series-combination of a direct voltage source and a resistance which is connected in parallel with the rectifying element, or the direct voltage may be connected in series with the whole charging circuit.
  • a resistance is connected in the circuit in series with the rectifying element, it is achieved that with the softest touch, the capacitor is charged in a time t, which occupies a smaller part of the duration 1', of the smallest touching pulseyth'at is the time t of the duration 1, of the largest touching pulse with the strongest touch, so that the ratio between the buildup times of the tone corresponding to t, and t becomes even more favorable.
  • resistance is then chosen to be high with respect to the resistance of the diode.
  • the ratio between the capacitor to the invention, the rectifying element is connected in series with a member the resistance of which increases with increasing current in the starting-current range of the said rectifying element.
  • this may be effected in another embodiment ofa musical instrument according to the invention by connecting a biased overflow diode in parallel with the coil.
  • FIG. 1 tion
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement including a member the resistance of which increases with increasing current
  • FIG. 4 shows in a graph the effect of this step
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit arrangement including an overflow diode
  • FIG. 6 shows the voltage variation V of the coil as a function of the intensity of touch.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates that a magnet 2 coupled with a key 1 varies the magnetic field in the inductance L when the key is depressed.
  • the voltage induced in the inductance L charges a capacitor C through a resistor R- and a diode D serving as rectifying element.
  • the diode D is biased with a voltage E supplied by a battery B.
  • FIG, 2 illustrates the variation of the capacitor voltage as a function of time with two different intensities of touch.
  • the soft touch is associated with the induced voltage E
  • the half sine E has a duration 1'
  • thecapacitor voltage would vary in accordance with the line V It thus appears that the buildup time t, slightly exceeds h 1 It is assumed that the resistance in the circuit is only low with respect to the impedance of the capacitor for this frequency.
  • the diode D is biased with a voltage E which preferably exceeds half the peak value of E and in the case of the pulse in the form of a half sine shown 0.7 times this value, the duration r, of the voltage pulse IE is reduced to 1' and the duration 7 of the voltage pulse E, to 1
  • a bias voltage of 0.5 results in a reduction of the buildup time by 0.5.
  • the phase'shift between the capacitor voltage and the voltage pulse induced in the coil will then increase, while with strong touches the capacitor voltage V will be low with respect to the voltages induced, so that the ratios between'these voltages more closely approximate the ratios between the intensities of touch.
  • the buildup time t of .the new. capacitor voltage V thus exceeds whilethe buildup ytime I, of the capacitor voltage V,," associated withthe soft touch hardly varies with a suitable proportioning of the resistor R and the capacitor C, so that the ratio between the bui]- I dup times t, and I is even further reduced.
  • a member X (cf. FIG. 3) the resistance of whichincreases with increasing current in the starting-current range of the diode D so that the overall resistanceof the circuit varies less strongly.
  • a member may. comprise a resistorhaving a positive temperature coefficient, a tunnel diode of which the part having a vnegative resistance is .used, a. diode the current of which 4' remains constant in a wide voltage range, and so on. The result is shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4.
  • F IGS. 2 and 4 show only the case in which the intensity of touch varies only by a factor 3', but it will be appreciated that what has been said as to a touch thrice stronger than the softest touch applies to an even greater extent to a touch intensity ratio of l l0.
  • the intensity of touch is here always correlated to the rate at which the magnet is pushed into the coil; the amplitude of the voltage pulse is then directly proportional thereto.
  • An electronic musical instrument as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a resistor-connected inseries with the

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
US719832A 1967-04-08 1968-04-05 Circuit arrangement for imitating the touch of musical instruments with percussion Expired - Lifetime US3553337A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL676705025A NL150929B (nl) 1967-04-08 1967-04-08 Elektronisch muziekinstrument.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3553337A true US3553337A (en) 1971-01-05

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ID=19799789

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US719832A Expired - Lifetime US3553337A (en) 1967-04-08 1968-04-05 Circuit arrangement for imitating the touch of musical instruments with percussion
US719831A Expired - Lifetime US3544695A (en) 1967-04-08 1968-04-05 Circuit arrangement for imitating the touch of musical instruments with percussion

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US719831A Expired - Lifetime US3544695A (en) 1967-04-08 1968-04-05 Circuit arrangement for imitating the touch of musical instruments with percussion

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US3553337A (nl)
JP (1) JPS4814253B1 (nl)
AT (1) AT290269B (nl)
BE (1) BE713405A (nl)
CH (1) CH485289A (nl)
ES (1) ES352482A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR1562394A (nl)
GB (1) GB1162449A (nl)
IE (1) IE31863B1 (nl)
NL (1) NL150929B (nl)
SE (1) SE353173B (nl)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3634594A (en) * 1969-08-05 1972-01-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3651730A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Sound level control device in electronic musical instrument employing touch responsive keying means
US3657463A (en) * 1969-11-18 1972-04-18 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keyer control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3663735A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-05-16 Columbia Broadcasting Systems Automatic on-off control
US3673303A (en) * 1969-09-03 1972-06-27 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Voltage generating device for controlling musical tone output from electronic musical instruments
US3749806A (en) * 1970-12-16 1973-07-31 W Rosenberg Electronic key musical instrument

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL160960C (nl) * 1967-09-15 1979-12-17 Philips Nv Elektronisch muziekinstrument met percussie.
US3594488A (en) * 1968-03-18 1971-07-20 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical system with magnetic field responsive switch and volume control
US3590134A (en) * 1968-03-29 1971-06-29 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical system with magnetic field responsive switch and volume control
US3617600A (en) * 1968-03-30 1971-11-02 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Magnetic field responsive key switch device for producing attack effect in electronic musical instruments
JPS4815866B1 (nl) * 1968-08-13 1973-05-17
US3626074A (en) * 1969-06-24 1971-12-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3636232A (en) * 1969-07-04 1972-01-18 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
GB1282364A (en) * 1969-07-11 1972-07-19 Mario Ranzato Electronic instruments for simulating stringed instruments
US3626075A (en) * 1969-07-12 1971-12-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3652774A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keying system for electronic musical instruments
US3582530A (en) * 1970-03-11 1971-06-01 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Electronic musical instrument producing percussion signals by additive mixing of component signals
DE2017798C2 (de) * 1970-04-14 1982-08-19 Nippon Gakki Seizo K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Tastvorrichtung für elektronische Musikinstrumente
US3647929A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-03-07 Karl F Milde Jr Apparatus for reproducing musical notes from an encoded record
US3999457A (en) * 1972-03-17 1976-12-28 Adolf Michel Key system for controlling the rate of attack in electronic musical instruments
JPS50115545A (nl) * 1974-02-21 1975-09-10
JPS5181152A (ja) * 1975-01-14 1976-07-15 Sokkisha Rezaakojidosuichokuoyobisuiheisenkaiki
DD226066A1 (de) * 1983-10-03 1985-08-14 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Anordnung zur hoehenmessung, vorzugsweise zum geometrischen nivellement
US4510836A (en) * 1983-12-01 1985-04-16 Allen Organ Company Touch sensitivity in an electronic musical instrument having non-positive attack
JPH02118413A (ja) * 1989-08-17 1990-05-02 Asahi Seimitsu Kk 二次元方向の傾き誤差の自動補正装置を具備する測量機械

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841043A (en) * 1956-01-31 1958-07-01 Werk Fur Fernmeldewesen Veb Electric organ
US3239693A (en) * 1964-09-03 1966-03-08 Avco Corp Bilateral electronic gate
US3248470A (en) * 1963-04-24 1966-04-26 Allen Organ Co Electronic piano having means responsive to the velocity of the action
US3336484A (en) * 1964-04-10 1967-08-15 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Power switching circuit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841043A (en) * 1956-01-31 1958-07-01 Werk Fur Fernmeldewesen Veb Electric organ
US3248470A (en) * 1963-04-24 1966-04-26 Allen Organ Co Electronic piano having means responsive to the velocity of the action
US3336484A (en) * 1964-04-10 1967-08-15 Energy Conversion Devices Inc Power switching circuit
US3239693A (en) * 1964-09-03 1966-03-08 Avco Corp Bilateral electronic gate

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3634594A (en) * 1969-08-05 1972-01-11 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Touch-responsive tone envelope control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3673303A (en) * 1969-09-03 1972-06-27 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Voltage generating device for controlling musical tone output from electronic musical instruments
US3651730A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-03-28 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Sound level control device in electronic musical instrument employing touch responsive keying means
US3657463A (en) * 1969-11-18 1972-04-18 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Keyer control circuit for electronic musical instruments
US3663735A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-05-16 Columbia Broadcasting Systems Automatic on-off control
US3749806A (en) * 1970-12-16 1973-07-31 W Rosenberg Electronic key musical instrument

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE713405A (nl) 1968-10-08
NL6705025A (nl) 1968-10-09
GB1162449A (en) 1969-08-27
IE31863B1 (en) 1973-01-24
AT290269B (de) 1971-05-25
DE1622884B2 (de) 1976-02-12
IE31863L (en) 1968-10-08
DE1622884A1 (de) 1970-12-17
ES352482A1 (es) 1969-07-16
US3544695A (en) 1970-12-01
NL150929B (nl) 1976-09-15
SE353173B (nl) 1973-01-22
JPS4814253B1 (nl) 1973-05-04
FR1562394A (nl) 1969-04-04
CH485289A (de) 1970-01-31

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