US3553010A - Carbon or graphite formed body - Google Patents

Carbon or graphite formed body Download PDF

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Publication number
US3553010A
US3553010A US747129A US3553010DA US3553010A US 3553010 A US3553010 A US 3553010A US 747129 A US747129 A US 747129A US 3553010D A US3553010D A US 3553010DA US 3553010 A US3553010 A US 3553010A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
carbon
aluminum
graphite
comprised
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US747129A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ottmar Rubisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sigri GmbH
Original Assignee
Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1615404A external-priority patent/DE1615404C3/de
Priority claimed from DE19671671065 external-priority patent/DE1671065C3/de
Application filed by Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh filed Critical Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3553010A publication Critical patent/US3553010A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/06—Electrodes
    • H05B7/08—Electrodes non-consumable
    • H05B7/085—Electrodes non-consumable mainly consisting of carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
    • C04B41/90—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/12—Arrangements for cooling, sealing or protecting electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/0087—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for metallurgical applications
    • C04B2111/00879—Non-ferrous metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

Definitions

  • the primary layer is comprised of 90 to 100%, 3,553,010
  • This invention relates to a carbon or graphite formed particularly preferable to provide the primary layer with body, and m r p r y n rc el r ing a a layer thickness of 0.01 to 0.15 preferably p pg o protective layer which arrests oxidation, and which in- 0.1 rrrnm, and the comm a thickness 033i cludes a primary layer, applied. upon a carbon or graphite Winn, preferably ill to 0.3 mm.
  • coated bodies are heated above approximately 550 C., of Sodium, magnesium, Calcium, 13 aluminum, titathe components of the double layer react with each othernium, Zirconium, manganese, iron, carbon, nit ogen p to form a low melting, eutectic alloy which closes the phorus and oxygen, separately or in combination.
  • the pores formed by the flame injection
  • cover layer is'comprised of 85 to 100%, preferably 93 that silicon which is dissolved mainly in aluminum, reacts to 99.5%, aluminum and 0 to 15%, pref bly 0.5 to 7%, with the carbon of the fundamental body forming silicon sodium, magnesium, boron, silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, carbide when the operational temperature of the procopper, zinc, lead, titanium, zirconium, chromium, mantected parts exceeds about 550 C. which leads to a tearg fi, irOXl, Cobalt and nickel, lfi y in flflfree and solid bond between the protective layer to the tion. carbon part. This bond is resistant to temperature changes.
  • Carbon or graphite bodies provided with such coatings have shown a long lasting excellent stability with respect
  • My invention relates to a carbon or graphite formed to oxidation, at approximately 1700 C., due to the aforebody, and more particularly an arc electrode having a described alloying effect.
  • the protective effect of the double layer "eludes a primary layer, applied upon a carbon or graphite upon the body can be increased by an additional melting formed. body, and a metallic cover layer, comprised essenof the already applied coating. This melting is carried out tially of aluminum, over the primary layer.
  • Carbon or graphite formed bodies are very widely used burner.
  • the subsequent melting of the protective layers I in chemical and metallurgical arts because of their excelre ult in an elimination of the pores and in a chemical ⁇ X J lent mechanical and thermal qualities. Frequently, howanchoring, which leads to a considerable improvement of ,1 ,yever. the burning err, which occurs in these materials at the protection againstburning olf.
  • the base layer may be a carbide layer, e.g. a a current supply and the are, are in a fluid or even in a silicon carbide layer, while the cover layer may either plastic state, so that no voltages whatsoever can be proconstitute a layer of an oxide mixture or a metal or siliduced in the coating layer through the dilferent expan- .cide layer. But even these layers do not yet afford an adesions of the coating layer and the fundamental body.
  • tween 600 and 1200 (3., preferably 700 to i000" (3.,
  • the Present invention, lhefefofa has 85 an j t rfform melting eutectics and to measure the current load such that the melting point of the eutectic is at least obtained on the electrode surface.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A graphite electrode with a diameter of 450 mm. and a length of 2000 mm. is left to rotate at about 50 revolutions per minute, following the customary, accurately scaled turning oft", in a rotating lathe.
  • Two tlame injection elec rodes arranged in sequence at a distance of 200 mm., uniformly coat the electrode surface (injection dis tance 100 mm.), first with an 0.05 mm. thick. primary layer of 98.5% silicon+0.8% Fe+0.5% Al+0.2% Ca and thereafter with an 0.15 mm. thick cover layer of 99% Al+0.7% Mg+0.3% Si.
  • electrodes coated in this manner result in a graphite saving of 25 to 35% compared to untreated electrodes.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A graphite crucible 200 mm. in diameter, 500 mm. high and with 20 mm. wall thickness is slowly rotated on a turntable, e.g. at 30 rpm. An approximately 0.1 mm. thick primary layer of 95% Si+3% Ti+1.5% Fe+0.5% Al is applied by means of a powder fiame injection pistol. The coating which is still approximately 70 C. is injection coated with a cover layer of 0.2 mm. thickness, comprised of 98.2% Al+1.5% Mg+0.3% Mn, by Using a wire flame injection pistol, The coated crucible is subsequently dipped briefly into a 20% sodium phospiate solution (pH 5) and thereafter dried. at 120 When employed to operate in a copper casting installation, the above-described crucibles achieve a life span which is 4 to 6 times longer than in untreated crucibles.
  • Formed bodyof carbonor graphite having an oxidation arresting protective layer which encompasses a primary layer on the carbon or graphite formed body and a metallic cover layer on the primary layer, said primary layer being comprised of 90 to 100% silicon and 0 to 10% of sodium, magnesium, calcium, boron, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, manganese, iron, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen, separately or in combination, the cover layer being comprised of to 100% aluminum and 0 to 15% sodium, magnesium, boron, silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, copper, zinc, lead, titanium, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel, separately or in combination.
  • the primary layer comprises to 98.9% silicon and 1.1 to 5.0% of a material selected from. sodium, magnesium, calcium, boron, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, manganese, iron, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and mixtures thereof and the cover layer comprises 93 to 99.5% aluminum and 0.5 to 7% sodium, magnesium, boron, silicon, phosphorus, oxygen, copper, zinc, lead, titanium, zirconium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt and nickel and mixtures thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
US747129A 1967-07-26 1968-07-24 Carbon or graphite formed body Expired - Lifetime US3553010A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1615404A DE1615404C3 (de) 1967-07-26 1967-07-26 Lichtbogenofen
DE19671671065 DE1671065C3 (de) 1967-07-26 1967-07-26 Kohlenstoff- oder Graphitformkörper

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3553010A true US3553010A (en) 1971-01-05

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US747129A Expired - Lifetime US3553010A (en) 1967-07-26 1968-07-24 Carbon or graphite formed body

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3553010A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT285195B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1587074A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1166429A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE329966B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3770488A (en) * 1971-04-06 1973-11-06 Us Air Force Metal impregnated graphite fibers and method of making same
US3864164A (en) * 1971-10-22 1975-02-04 British Steel Corp Method for depositing protective coatings on carbon articles
US3881039A (en) * 1971-01-22 1975-04-29 Snam Progetti Process for the treatment of amorphous carbon or graphite manufactured articles, for the purpose of improving their resistance to oxidation, solutions suitable for attaining such purpose and resulting product
US3921023A (en) * 1969-07-21 1975-11-18 Dmz Lennin Bg1969072112705 Method for joining carbon electrodes and product thereof
FR2283874A1 (fr) * 1974-09-09 1976-04-02 Secr Defence Brit Revetement anti-oxydation pour pieces en carbone
US4000026A (en) * 1973-03-12 1976-12-28 Union Carbide Corporation Method and cement for bonding carbon articles
US4418097A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-11-29 Martin Marietta Corporation Coating for graphite electrodes
US4487804A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-12-11 Nalco Chemical Company Coating to prevent the oxidation of electrodes during electric furnace steel making
EP0146013A3 (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-08-07 Mitsumaru Chemical & Synthetic Industrial Co., Ltd. Coating composition for preventing high temperature oxidation for electrodes
EP0175136A1 (de) * 1984-08-13 1986-03-26 N P P Po Elektrotermia Schutzüberzug auf Graphitelektroden
US4617232A (en) * 1982-04-15 1986-10-14 Kennecott Corporation Corrosion and wear resistant graphite material
US4621017A (en) * 1982-04-15 1986-11-04 Kennecott Corporation Corrosion and wear resistant graphite material and method of manufacture
US4668579A (en) * 1984-02-01 1987-05-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Interstitially protected oxidation resistant carbon-carbon composite
US4716078A (en) * 1983-08-08 1987-12-29 Kao Corporation Substrate for a magnetic disc and method manufacturing same
US4716572A (en) * 1984-12-19 1987-12-29 Sigri Gmbh Method for coating carbon and graphite bodies
US4772514A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-09-20 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Protective layer for carbonaceous materials and method of applying the same
US4824733A (en) * 1986-04-25 1989-04-25 Canadian Patents And Development Limited/Societe Anti-oxidant barrier for carbon based material
US5695883A (en) * 1991-09-17 1997-12-09 Tocalo Co., Ltd. Carbon member having a metal spray coating
US6555173B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2003-04-29 Honeywell International Inc. Carbon barrier controlled metal infiltration layer for enhanced oxidation protection
WO2005113844A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-12-01 Sgl Carbon Ag Gas impervious electrodes for carbothermic reduction furnace
US20060115243A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2006-06-01 Jae-In Jeong Resistance-heated boat and manufacturing method thereof
US20090129762A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2009-05-21 Ulrich Goetz Initial Wetting Auxiliary Material for a Vaporiser Body
US8923360B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2014-12-30 Graftech International Holdings Inc. Graphite electrodes
WO2022187638A1 (en) * 2021-03-05 2022-09-09 Ecolab Usa Inc. Coatings for electrodes in electric arc furnaces

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4567103A (en) * 1983-07-28 1986-01-28 Union Carbide Corporation Carbonaceous articles having oxidation prohibitive coatings thereon
CN112371087B (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-09-21 昆明理工大学 一种用于脱除硫化氢、磷化氢、砷化氢、氨气的活性炭纤维基吸附剂的制备方法和应用

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921023A (en) * 1969-07-21 1975-11-18 Dmz Lennin Bg1969072112705 Method for joining carbon electrodes and product thereof
US3881039A (en) * 1971-01-22 1975-04-29 Snam Progetti Process for the treatment of amorphous carbon or graphite manufactured articles, for the purpose of improving their resistance to oxidation, solutions suitable for attaining such purpose and resulting product
US3770488A (en) * 1971-04-06 1973-11-06 Us Air Force Metal impregnated graphite fibers and method of making same
US3864164A (en) * 1971-10-22 1975-02-04 British Steel Corp Method for depositing protective coatings on carbon articles
US4000026A (en) * 1973-03-12 1976-12-28 Union Carbide Corporation Method and cement for bonding carbon articles
FR2283874A1 (fr) * 1974-09-09 1976-04-02 Secr Defence Brit Revetement anti-oxydation pour pieces en carbone
US4418097A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-11-29 Martin Marietta Corporation Coating for graphite electrodes
US4617232A (en) * 1982-04-15 1986-10-14 Kennecott Corporation Corrosion and wear resistant graphite material
US4621017A (en) * 1982-04-15 1986-11-04 Kennecott Corporation Corrosion and wear resistant graphite material and method of manufacture
US4487804A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-12-11 Nalco Chemical Company Coating to prevent the oxidation of electrodes during electric furnace steel making
US4716078A (en) * 1983-08-08 1987-12-29 Kao Corporation Substrate for a magnetic disc and method manufacturing same
EP0146013A3 (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-08-07 Mitsumaru Chemical & Synthetic Industrial Co., Ltd. Coating composition for preventing high temperature oxidation for electrodes
US4668579A (en) * 1984-02-01 1987-05-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Interstitially protected oxidation resistant carbon-carbon composite
EP0175136A1 (de) * 1984-08-13 1986-03-26 N P P Po Elektrotermia Schutzüberzug auf Graphitelektroden
US4750187A (en) * 1984-08-13 1988-06-07 N P P Po Elektrotermia Graphitic electrode with protective coating
US4716572A (en) * 1984-12-19 1987-12-29 Sigri Gmbh Method for coating carbon and graphite bodies
US4772514A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-09-20 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Protective layer for carbonaceous materials and method of applying the same
US4824733A (en) * 1986-04-25 1989-04-25 Canadian Patents And Development Limited/Societe Anti-oxidant barrier for carbon based material
US5695883A (en) * 1991-09-17 1997-12-09 Tocalo Co., Ltd. Carbon member having a metal spray coating
US6555173B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2003-04-29 Honeywell International Inc. Carbon barrier controlled metal infiltration layer for enhanced oxidation protection
US20060115243A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2006-06-01 Jae-In Jeong Resistance-heated boat and manufacturing method thereof
WO2005113844A1 (en) * 2004-05-14 2005-12-01 Sgl Carbon Ag Gas impervious electrodes for carbothermic reduction furnace
RU2365645C2 (ru) * 2004-05-14 2009-08-27 Сгл Карбон Аг Газонепроницаемые электроды для печи карботермического восстановления
US20090129762A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2009-05-21 Ulrich Goetz Initial Wetting Auxiliary Material for a Vaporiser Body
US8923360B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2014-12-30 Graftech International Holdings Inc. Graphite electrodes
US9253827B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2016-02-02 Graftech International Holdings, Inc. Graphite electrodes
US9497804B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2016-11-15 Graftech International Holdings Inc. Graphite electrode
WO2022187638A1 (en) * 2021-03-05 2022-09-09 Ecolab Usa Inc. Coatings for electrodes in electric arc furnaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT285195B (de) 1970-10-12
GB1166429A (en) 1969-10-08
SE329966B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-26
FR1587074A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-13

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