US3540655A - Pavement deicer - Google Patents
Pavement deicer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3540655A US3540655A US750812A US3540655DA US3540655A US 3540655 A US3540655 A US 3540655A US 750812 A US750812 A US 750812A US 3540655D A US3540655D A US 3540655DA US 3540655 A US3540655 A US 3540655A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pavement
- thermostat
- humidistat
- control means
- ice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 seeds Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H10/00—Improving gripping of ice-bound or other slippery traffic surfaces, e.g. using gritting or thawing materials ; Roadside storage of gritting or solid thawing materials; Permanently installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials; Mobile apparatus specially adapted for treating wintry roads by applying liquid, semi-liquid or granular materials
- E01H10/005—Permanently-installed devices for applying gritting or thawing materials, e.g. for spreading grit, for spraying de-icing liquids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H3/00—Applying liquids to roads or like surfaces, e.g. for dust control; Stationary flushing devices
- E01H3/04—Fixed devices, e.g. permanently- installed flushing means
Definitions
- a pavement deicer comprising means for preventing ice from forming on a pavement and control means including means for sensing the ambient conditions adjacent such a pavement and, when such ambient conditions reach a point where ice is likely to form thereon, energizing the firstnamed means to prevent such formation of ice.
- the first-named means may be a spreader for spreading granular material, such as salt, over the top surface of the pavement; in another embodiment, the first-named means may be means for spraying a liquid deicing solution over the top surface of the pavement; and in still another embodiment of the invention, the first-named means may be a heater, such as an electrically-energized heater.
- the control means may include a thermostat and humidistat connected in series, the humidistat being arranged to close when the humidity is above a predetermined level and the thermostat being arranged to close when the temperature is below a predetermined level.
- Ice is likely to form on a bridge surface when the atmospheric temperature is below 32F. and the relative humidity is above, for instance, 76 percent.
- bridges are often made hazardous by the formation of ice thereon. The reasons why ice forms on bridges more quickly than on pavement which lies on a roadbed are well known and need not be-discussed herein.
- my invention may he used to prevent ice from forming on any surface, including walkways, parking garage ramps, roads, bridges, etc.
- My apparatus is particularly suitable for use min- I ,tersections of roads, streets, and highways.
- It is another object of my invention to provide such an apparatus comprising means for spreading a granular material
- control means for operating the spreading means
- the control means including means for sensing the ambient conditions adjacent a pavement and, when such ambient conditions reach a point where ice is likely to form, operating the spreading means.
- Another object of my invention is to provide such an apparatus comprising means for heating the top surface of a pavement and control means arranged to sense ambient conditions abovethe pavement and to operate the heating means when the ambient conditions are such that ice is likely to form on the pavement.
- Still another object of my invention is to provide such an apparatus comprising means for spraying a liquid deicing material on the top surface of a pavement and control means for sensing the ambient conditions and, when the ambient conditions are such that ice is likely to form on the pavement, operating the spraying means.
- pavement is intended to mean any roadway, walkway, ramp, and the like, as discussed above.
- deicing material is intended to mean any type of material which is effective to prevent water from forming into ice, or to melt ice.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of my invention, which embodiment comprises ,means for spreading granular material, such as salt, on a pavement and control means for operating the spreading means;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another embodiment of my invention, which ,embodiment comprises means for spraying a liquid deicing material on a pavement and control means for operating the spraying means;
- FIG. 2a is a block diagram of another spraying system and its control means
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of my invention, which embodiment comprises electrically-energized heating means and control means for operating the heating means;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of another type of control means which may be used in my invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of still another control means which may be used with my invention.
- the spreader 12 comprises a hopper l4 and motor-driven means 16 for spreading the granular material stored in the hopper 14 onto the top surface of the pavement 10.
- the motor-driven means 16 may include a conventional electric motor 18 which may be energized by current flow from a conventional 60-cycle power source, such as indicated at the reference numeral 20.
- the spreader 12 may be any conventional spreader or broadcasternormally used on farms for spreading insecticides, herbicides, seeds, and fertilizers. Thus, the spreader 12 need not be discussed, in detail, in this description.
- FIG. 1 I show a pair of bracket arms 22 extending outwardly from a wall 24 to support the spreader 12.
- the spreader 12 is provided with an opening 26 through which the granular material is thrown onto the pavement 10, this opening being arranged so that the granular material is directed toward the pavement and not rearwardly toward the wall 24.
- the distance which the granular material will be spread or thrown by the motor-driven means 16 depends, of course, on the size and power of the means 16.
- a plurality of spreaders 12 will be spaced along the bridge so that there is a slight overlapping of the areas serviced by adjacent spreaders.
- one spreader 12 should be placed on each of the four corners of an intersection between two roads.
- the motor 18 is energized by current flow from the power source 20 when the illustrated switch 28 is closed.
- this switch 28 is an output switch of a conventional motor-driven timer such as indicated generally by the'reference numeral 30.
- the timer 30 comprises a constant speed motor 32 which is energized by current flow from a control-voltage source applied across terminals 34, 36. It will be appreciated that these terminals 34, 36 may be connected by means ofatransformer to the power source 20.
- the terminal 34 is connected to the motor 32 through a thermostat 38 and humidistat 40 and through the windings of the motor 32 back to the terminal 36.
- the terminal 34 is also connected through another output switch 42 of the timer 30 to the motor 32 and through the windings of the motor 32 back to the terminal 36.
- the motor 32 will be energized when the thermostat 38 and humidistat 40 are both closed and/or when the switch 42 is closed.
- the purpose of the switch 42 is to assure that the motor 32 will rotate through one complete cycle even if the thermostat 38 or humidistat 40 should open during the cycle.
- the cam 46 which operates the switch 42 with one notch 48 in its periphery, this notch being effective to open the switch 42. That is, the switch 42 is conventionally spring-loaded against the periphery of the cam 46 and, when the cam follower 50 on the switch 42 enters the notch 48, the switch will open.
- the purpose of the timer 30 is to assure that the spreader 12 will operate for a predetermined time after the thermostat 38 and humidistat 40 sense a condition which is likely to result in ice formation on the surface of the pavement 10.
- one control means comprising a thermostat 38, humidistat 40 and timer 30 can be used to control the operation of a plurality of spreaders 12.
- one such control means can operate all of the spreaders associated with a bridge.
- one such control means can be used to operate all of the spreaders in any area, such as a downtown area, where the spreaders are used.
- a storage tank 60 for holding liquid deicing material and a perforated tube extending along the curb of a pavement, indicated by the reference numeral 10'.
- This tube 62 is connected to the tank 60 through a valve 64 which is operated by a solenoid 66.
- the perforations, indicated at 68, in the tube 62 are arranged so that, when the valve 64 is open, liquid deicing material is sprayed away from the curb and onto the top sur v 3 face of the pavement
- the tank 60 may be supported above the pavement at a height which will provide sufficient pressure to cause theliquid material to be sprayed uniformly onto. the top surface of the pavement.
- valve 64 and solenoid 66 may be replaced by an electricallyoperatedpump which, when energized, will pump liquid from the tank 60 andinto the tube 62 with sufficient pressure to cause thematerial to be sprayed uniformly onto the top surface of the pavement 10.
- FIG. 2a, 1 have illustrated, in block-diagram form, a pump 70 connected between a tank 60 and atube (52'.
- the solenoid 66 is controlled by a timer 30' which is, in turn, controlled by a thermostat 38' and humidistat 40 which connect the timer to a power source across terminals 34, 36.
- the valve 64 will be opened for a period of time determined by the timer 30' after the thermostat 38- and humidistat 40' have simultaneously closed.
- the electrical heating coils 80 are means for preventing ice from forming on the top surface. of the pavement 10".
- the coils 80 will be energized by current flow from the power source 82 when the thermostat 38" and humidistat 40" close simultaneously to energize the timer 30".
- thermostat 38, humidistat 40, and timer 30 comprise control means for operating the various means for preventing ice from forming on the top surface of the pavement 10.
- control means which senses an atmospheric condition which is likely to cause ice to form on the pavement-l0, is the heart of my apparatus.
- thermostat 38 buried under the top surface of the pavement 10 so as to sense the temperature of the pavement and to close when' this temperature is below a predetermined level, such as 32F.
- This thermostat 38 is connected in series with the humidistat 40 which is disposed just above the top surface of the pavement 10.
- the advantage of the arrangement of FIG; 4 is that the thermostat 38 will close when the temperature of the pavement 10 is below a predetermined level, regardless of the temperature of the air above the pavement.
- a predetermined level such as 32F.
- the humidity of the air abovethe pavement is relatively high, there will be a tendency for ice to form on the top surface of the pavement, regardless ofair temperature.
- FIG. 5 it will be seen that l have illustrated a control means comprising a timer 30 and a pair of thermostats 38a and 38b connected in series'with the timer the temperature of the pavement and to close when the tem- 7 perature is below a predetermined level.
- the thermostat 38a is disposed just above the top surface ofthe pavement 10 and arranged to close when the temperature of the air above the pavement exceeds a predetermined level.
- the arrangement of FIG. 5 contemplates that ice may form on the top surface of the pavement 10 when the pavement is extremely cold, such as below 20F., .and the temperature of the air just above the pavement is above a predetermined level, such as, for instance, 60F. Such a condition may exist after an extremely cold night and when the sun first'rises to heat the airabove the bridge.
- thermostats 38 and humidistats 40 may be conventional devices which are sold commercially. Thus, the thermostats and humidistats d not have to be described, in detail, in this description.
- a thermostat is a switch which closes or opens when it is subjected to a predetermined temperature and a humidistat is a device which opens or closes a circuit when it is subjected to a predetermined humidity condition.
- An apparatus of the character described comprising means for preventing ice from forming on a pavement, control means for operating said first-named means, said control means including means for sensing the ambient conditions adjacent such a pavement and, when such ambient conditions reach a point where ice is likely to form on such a pavement, energizing said first-named. means, said first-named means including means for spreading a physical deicing material on such a pavement.
- said spreading means includes a hopper for storing granular material and motordriven means cooperatively associated with said hopper and arranged, when energized, to scatter such granular material.
- said spreading means includes a liquid storage tank, means for spraying liquid onto such a pavement, and means for connecting said spraying means to said storage tank, said connecting means including second control means connected to and energized by said first-mentioned control means.
- control means in cludes a thermostat and a humidistat connected in series, said thermostat being arranged to close when the ambient temperature is below a predetermined level and said humidistat being arranged to close when the ambient humidity is above a predetermined level.
- control means further includes a timer connected in series with said humidistat and thermostat and arranged, when said humidistat and thermostat are simultaneously closed, to operate said firstnamed means for a predetermined time.
- control means includes a humidistat and thermostat connected in series, said humidistat being arranged to sense the humidity just above such a pavement and to close when the humidity exceeds a predetermined level, and said thermostat being adapted to be placed under the-top surface of such a pavement and to close when the temperature of the surface is below a predetermined level.
- control means includes a first thermostat arranged to sense the temperature of the air just above such a pavement and to close when the air temperature is above a predetermined level and asecond thermostat adapted to be placed under the top surface of such a pavement and to close when the temperature of the surface is below a predetermined level.
- control means includes a thermostat and a humidistat connected in series, said thermostat being arranged to close when the ambient tem-' perature is below a predetermined level and said humidistat being arranged'to'close when the ambient humidity is above a predetermined level.
- control means in- includes a thermostat and a humidistat connected in series, said of the air just above such a pavement and to close when the air temperature is above a predetermined level and a second thermostat arranged under the top surface of such a pavement and to close when the temperature of the surface is below a predetermined level.
- control means includes a first thermostat arranged to sense the temperature of the airjust above such a pavement and to close when the air temperature is above a predetermined level and a second thermostat arranged under the top surface of such a pavement and to close when the temperature of the surface is below a predetermined level.
- said spraying means includes a conduit adapted to extend alongside such a pavement, said conduit having longitudinally spaced perforations through which liquid flows onto such a pavement.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US75081268A | 1968-08-07 | 1968-08-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3540655A true US3540655A (en) | 1970-11-17 |
Family
ID=25019272
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US750812A Expired - Lifetime US3540655A (en) | 1968-08-07 | 1968-08-07 | Pavement deicer |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3540655A (de) |
BE (1) | BE737161A (de) |
CA (1) | CA935408A (de) |
CH (1) | CH497610A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1939869A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2015236A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1233675A (de) |
NL (1) | NL6911958A (de) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3675857A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-07-11 | Hubert Bourton | Snow vehicle for distributing dust on snow surfaces |
US3806702A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1974-04-23 | Folger P | Apparatus for preventing snow accumulation |
US3898423A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1975-08-05 | Tarka Controls Ltd | Heated windows in road vehicles and control circuits therefore |
US3934111A (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1976-01-20 | Saint-Gobain Industries | Apparatus for heating a window |
US4335299A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-06-15 | Belohlavek James F | Thermostatic control for electric roof heating cable |
US4557420A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-12-10 | Boschung Mecatronic Ag | Electromagnetically controllable spray valve and spray system |
US5603452A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-02-18 | Hester; Harvey L. | Stationary spreader |
US5900178A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1999-05-04 | Johnsen; Asle Ingmar | Device for melting snow or ice |
US6042023A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2000-03-28 | Odin Systems International, Inc. | Automatic deicing unit |
US6047897A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 2000-04-11 | Marubeni Plant Contractor, Inc. | Sprinkler system and sprinkling method for vehicle running test course |
US6082638A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 2000-07-04 | Odin Systems International, Inc. | Anti-icing nozzle mounting device |
US6102306A (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-08-15 | Odin Systems International, Inc. | Multifunctional flush surface nozzle |
US6206299B1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2001-03-27 | Commercial Vehicle Systems, Inc. | Traction enhancing deployment system |
US6278085B1 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-21 | Ziad Georges Abukasm | Modular snow melting carpet device |
US6538578B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2003-03-25 | John A. Doherty | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US20040195357A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 2004-10-07 | Doherty John A. | Apparatus and system for synchronized application of one or more materials to a surface from a vehicle and control of a vehicle mounted variable position snow removal device |
US20050072859A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-07 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Anti-icing spray assembly |
US20050246088A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2005-11-03 | Doherty John A | Surface condition sensing and treatment systems, and associated methods |
US20060011596A1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2006-01-19 | Sharp Larry L | Screen printed heater for vehicle elements |
US20060204647A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | Vittorio Calabrese | De-icing system for driveways, walkways, sidewalks and other surfaces |
US7400267B1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2008-07-15 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface |
US20090242664A1 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-01 | Envirotech Services, Inc. | Device for spraying anti-icing agents on transport surface |
US7714705B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2010-05-11 | Iwapi Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method |
US8231270B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2012-07-31 | Concaten, Inc. | Integrated rail efficiency and safety support system |
US8275522B1 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2012-09-25 | Concaten, Inc. | Information delivery and maintenance system for dynamically generated and updated data pertaining to road maintenance vehicles and other related information |
US8902081B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2014-12-02 | Concaten, Inc. | Distributed maintenance decision and support system and method |
US9601015B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2017-03-21 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US9864957B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2018-01-09 | Concaten, Inc. | Information delivery and maintenance system for dynamically generated and updated data pertaining to road maintenance vehicles and other related information |
US20190078269A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Limited | Integrated Pavement Systems For Collecting And Recycling De-Icing Fluid |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9106129U1 (de) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-09-24 | Ing. Alfred Schmidt Gmbh, 7822 St Blasien | Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Vorrichtung zum Ausbringen von Auftaumittel auf Verkehrsflächen |
-
1968
- 1968-08-07 US US750812A patent/US3540655A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-07-22 CA CA057618A patent/CA935408A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-07-25 GB GB1233675D patent/GB1233675A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-08-06 NL NL6911958A patent/NL6911958A/xx unknown
- 1969-08-06 CH CH1196369A patent/CH497610A/de unknown
- 1969-08-06 BE BE737161D patent/BE737161A/xx unknown
- 1969-08-06 DE DE19691939869 patent/DE1939869A1/de active Pending
- 1969-08-07 FR FR6927219A patent/FR2015236A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3675857A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-07-11 | Hubert Bourton | Snow vehicle for distributing dust on snow surfaces |
US3898423A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1975-08-05 | Tarka Controls Ltd | Heated windows in road vehicles and control circuits therefore |
US3934111A (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1976-01-20 | Saint-Gobain Industries | Apparatus for heating a window |
US3806702A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1974-04-23 | Folger P | Apparatus for preventing snow accumulation |
US4335299A (en) * | 1980-09-29 | 1982-06-15 | Belohlavek James F | Thermostatic control for electric roof heating cable |
US4557420A (en) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-12-10 | Boschung Mecatronic Ag | Electromagnetically controllable spray valve and spray system |
US5900178A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 1999-05-04 | Johnsen; Asle Ingmar | Device for melting snow or ice |
US7839301B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2010-11-23 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Surface condition sensing and treatment systems, and associated methods |
US7683804B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2010-03-23 | Wester Strategic Products, LLC | Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface |
US20030178501A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2003-09-25 | Doherty John A. | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US7400267B1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2008-07-15 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface |
US8044823B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2011-10-25 | Western Strategic Products, Llc | Systems and method for monitoring and controlling a vehicle travel surface |
US6977597B2 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2005-12-20 | Doherty John A | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US20050246088A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 2005-11-03 | Doherty John A | Surface condition sensing and treatment systems, and associated methods |
US5603452A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-02-18 | Hester; Harvey L. | Stationary spreader |
US6938829B2 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2005-09-06 | John A. Doherty | Apparatus and system for synchronized application of one or more materials to a surface from a vehicle and control of a vehicle mounted variable position snow removal device |
US20040195357A1 (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 2004-10-07 | Doherty John A. | Apparatus and system for synchronized application of one or more materials to a surface from a vehicle and control of a vehicle mounted variable position snow removal device |
US6538578B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2003-03-25 | John A. Doherty | Vehicle mounted travel surface and weather condition monitoring system |
US6042023A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2000-03-28 | Odin Systems International, Inc. | Automatic deicing unit |
US6082638A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 2000-07-04 | Odin Systems International, Inc. | Anti-icing nozzle mounting device |
US6047897A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 2000-04-11 | Marubeni Plant Contractor, Inc. | Sprinkler system and sprinkling method for vehicle running test course |
US6206299B1 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2001-03-27 | Commercial Vehicle Systems, Inc. | Traction enhancing deployment system |
US6102306A (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-08-15 | Odin Systems International, Inc. | Multifunctional flush surface nozzle |
US6278085B1 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2001-08-21 | Ziad Georges Abukasm | Modular snow melting carpet device |
US20050072859A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-07 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Anti-icing spray assembly |
US6955304B2 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2005-10-18 | Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. | Anti-icing spray assembly |
US20060011596A1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2006-01-19 | Sharp Larry L | Screen printed heater for vehicle elements |
US7714705B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2010-05-11 | Iwapi Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method |
US8497769B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2013-07-30 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US11386782B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2022-07-12 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US8120473B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2012-02-21 | Concaten, Inc. | Smart modem device for vehicular and roadside applications |
US9601015B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2017-03-21 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US9035755B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2015-05-19 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US8284037B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2012-10-09 | Concaten, Inc. | Maintenance decision support system and method for vehicular and roadside applications |
US20060204647A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | Vittorio Calabrese | De-icing system for driveways, walkways, sidewalks and other surfaces |
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US8583333B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2013-11-12 | Concaten, Inc. | Information delivery and maintenance system for dynamically generated and updated data pertaining to road maintenance vehicles and other related information |
US10733542B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2020-08-04 | Concaten, Inc. | Information delivery and maintenance system for dynamically generated and updated data pertaining to road maintenance vehicles and other related information |
US10352779B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2019-07-16 | Concaten, Inc. | Integrated rail efficiency and safety support system |
US8979363B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2015-03-17 | Concaten, Inc. | Integrated rail efficiency and safety support system |
US8231270B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2012-07-31 | Concaten, Inc. | Integrated rail efficiency and safety support system |
US9989426B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2018-06-05 | Concaten, Inc. | Integrated rail efficiency and safety support system |
US20090242664A1 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2009-10-01 | Envirotech Services, Inc. | Device for spraying anti-icing agents on transport surface |
US7798432B2 (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2010-09-21 | Envirotech Services, Inc. | Device for spraying anti-icing agents on transport surface |
US10008112B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2018-06-26 | Concaten, Inc. | Distributed maintenance decision and support system and method |
US10410517B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2019-09-10 | Concaten, Inc. | Distributed maintenance decision and support system and method |
US9373258B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2016-06-21 | Concaten, Inc. | Distributed maintenance decision and support system and method |
US8902081B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2014-12-02 | Concaten, Inc. | Distributed maintenance decision and support system and method |
US20190078269A1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Limited | Integrated Pavement Systems For Collecting And Recycling De-Icing Fluid |
US10767321B2 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Limited | Integrated pavement systems for collecting and recycling de-icing fluid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6911958A (de) | 1970-02-10 |
BE737161A (de) | 1970-01-16 |
CA935408A (en) | 1973-10-16 |
CH497610A (de) | 1970-10-15 |
DE1939869A1 (de) | 1970-02-19 |
FR2015236A1 (de) | 1970-04-24 |
GB1233675A (de) | 1971-05-26 |
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