US3540209A - Horological time display - Google Patents

Horological time display Download PDF

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Publication number
US3540209A
US3540209A US834237A US3540209DA US3540209A US 3540209 A US3540209 A US 3540209A US 834237 A US834237 A US 834237A US 3540209D A US3540209D A US 3540209DA US 3540209 A US3540209 A US 3540209A
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lines
crystal
dial
conductive
watch
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US834237A
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English (en)
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Norman C Zatsky
Eugene R Keeler
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Timex Group USA Inc
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Timex Corp
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Assigned to CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A., THE reassignment CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A., THE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FREDERIKSPLEIN HOLDING 1970 B.V., TIMEX CLOCK COMPANY, A DE CORP., TIMEX COMPUTERS LTD., A DE CORP., TIMEX CORPORATION, A DE CORP., TIMEX ENTERPRISES, INC., A BERMUDA CORP., TIMEX GROUP LTD., A BERMUDA CORP., TIMEX MEDICAL PRODUCTS LTD., A BERMUDA CORP., TIMEX N.V.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/05—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect with ferro-electric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G9/00—Visual time or date indication means
    • G04G9/02—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques
    • G04G9/06—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals
    • G04G9/062—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals using multiplexing techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/055—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect the active material being a ceramic

Definitions

  • An electronic watch includes, within a case, a battery, a time base such as a crystal oscillator, a series of countdown circuits, and a time display.
  • the time display includes a transparent watch crystal, a dial plate, and a liquid electro-optical material between the crystal and the dial plate.
  • the crystal or the dial plate, or both have a plurality of conductive transparent lines. The lines are electrically triggered in sequence to provide a moving indication of the time which appears similar to moving hands.
  • the time display may provide a number of the AND circuits used in decoding, in addition to displaying the time. Alternatively, the time display may utilize a ferroelectric ceramic material.
  • the present invention relates to horology and more particularly to the time display of an electronic watch.
  • Watches have been suggested and a few types have been placed in commercial production. It has been suggested that the motor simply wind up the spring of a conventional mainspring driven watch. But this type of a watch would be bulky, use a considerable amount of power and not be any more accurate than a spring-driven watch. Watches have been built in which the balance wheel acts as the armature of the motor; for example, the balance Wheel may carry a coil or a magnet. The balance wheel drives the gears of the Watch either directly or by means of a fork mechanisn. A watch in which the time base is a balance wheel inherently has limitations due to the relatively low rate of the balance Wheel oscillation and to position error.
  • an electronic watch having a crystal, a dial plate, and a time base, such as a crystal oscillator or a vibrator.
  • a number of count-down dividing circuits re connected in tandem to the time base.
  • a decoding system converts the binary code produced by the count-down circuits into a time display.
  • the time display consists of sixty conductive radial lines evenly spaced on the back of the crystal or on the face of the dial.
  • the crystal is spaced from the dial a short distance and the space filled with a suitable liquid crystal material.
  • the time display may be constructed with a set of such conductive lines shadowing a set of conductive segments on the opposite surface of the thin layer of liquid crystal material.
  • the lines and segments are, in effect, two input AND circuits and may be used, in place of other active elements, in the decoding system.
  • a thin plate of a suitable ferroelectric ceramic is used as the dial.
  • the ferroelectric plate is normally only translucent but become transparent in selected discrete areas when electric fields are applied in those areas.
  • the ferroelectric plate covers a colored or mirrored backing.
  • the elds are applied by transparent conductive lines on one side or both sides of the plate. The plate becomes transparent in lines, revealing the backing material; and, as the electric iield areas change, the lines change, giving the impression of moving hands.
  • One embodiment of ferroelectric display may also be used in the decoding system.
  • FIG. l is a top plan view of the Wrist watch of the present invention with its crystal and dial partly broken away to show its internal mechanism;
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are top plan views of alternative dials utilized in the wrist watch of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are side cross-sectional views of dial plates of ferroelectric ceramic material.
  • the watch of the present invention is shown as being a wrist watch having the external shape and approximate size of conventional spring-driven wrist Watches.
  • the time display of the present invention is not, however, limited to such wrist watches but may be utilized in pocket watches, clocks and other horological instruments.
  • the wrist watch of FIG. 1 includes a one-piece case 10 having a unitary bezel portion '11.
  • 12 closes the case, which may be made waterproof.
  • a dial plate 13 is positioned beneath the crystal 12 and spaced a short distance from it.
  • a small electric battery cell 14, within the case 10, has one of its contacts grounded to the case. For greater power, additional cells may be utilized within the case.
  • the second contact 15 of cell 14 is connected to a terminal of the electronic circuit 16.
  • the electronic circuit 16 includes a time base 17 which preferably is a piezoelectric crystal in a self-oscillatory circuit. Alternatievly, a vibrator, for example, of the type disclosed in Sparings U.S. Pat. 3,201,932, may be used as the time base.
  • the time base 17 is connected to a series of count-down circuits 18, 19 and 20, only three of which are illustrated.
  • a suitable count-down circuit is a lowpower consuming flip-flop counting circuit which counts down (divides) by two.
  • the flip-flop circuits are connected in tandem as a counter to provide an electrical output at a predetermined rate.
  • a piezoelectric crystal of 32.768 may be used.
  • the crystal which is part of a self-oscillatory circuit, has a pulse output rate of 32.768 kHz.
  • the output of the crystal oscillator is connected to fifteen binary divider circuits in tandem, yielding an output of l pulse per second. This output may be connected to ring counters to display seconds, minutes and hours.
  • the piezoelectric crystal is small, so as to consume little power, and the flip-flops and other circuits are integrated circuits.
  • the rst embodiment of the time display is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the dial plate is electrically conductive and connected to one terminal of the battery.
  • the dial has printed thereon a set of numerals 21 or other time indicating marks.
  • the dial has an outer ring 22 and an inner circle 23 which are preferably of a roughened or sand blasted appearance.
  • the crystal has sixty evenly spaced thin lines which are used to indicate seconds. These lines are radially aligned and printed in conductive transparent material, such as tin oxide, on the back (inner) face of the crystal. These sixty lines, which excited by the electronic display counter one after another clockwise in sequence, cause a liquid crystal material to become reflective to light. One of these sixty lines 24 is shown as being triggered and becoming visible.
  • the dial plate and the crystal are separated by a small uniform space, for example, .01 millimeter.
  • the space between the dial plate and the crystal is filled with a liquid crystal which changes its optical properties when a Voltage gradient is placed across the material.
  • the liquid crystal material may be an organic thermotropic nematic molecular material which changes from a clear liquid to a liquid which scatters light when positioned between charged plates, such as 6-methoxy-2-naphthoic acid. This is a change from a clear to a frosted appearance when a voltage difference is applied to the plates between which the liquid is positioned.
  • the liquid crystal may alternatively change color.
  • the transparent conductive lines may be very line for example, 400 lines per inch, as the optical change in the liquid crystal has sharp boundaries.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the entire dial is conductive and connected to a battery terminal.
  • the dial has a series, of number 33 printed on its face, indicating time.
  • the dial has three separating rings-an outside ring 34, a rst inner ring 35, a second inner ring 36 and a central portion 37, all of which may be colored or patterned for decorative purposes.
  • the crystal has three thin rings, each of which is formed of 60 short segments of transparent conductive material on the inner (back) side of the crystal.
  • the outer ring 38 represents minutes
  • the center ring 39 represents hours
  • the inner ring 40 represents seconds.
  • the dial plate directly under each of the rings 38, 39 and 40 is black.
  • the segments of all of the rings 38, 39 and 40 are electrically excited, except for one segment in each ring.
  • the one untriggered segment in each ring is clear (not opaque) and permits the black marks 41, 42 and 43 to show through, indicating time. All the other segments are triggered and cause the liquid crystal material directly beneath the segment to be opaque and to hide the black marks.
  • the consumption is directly proportional to the area charged. Consequently, the narrow bands utilize relatively little power, although 59/ 60 of the bands are always charged.
  • the second indication may be liashed with on-off periods at a visible rate, such as ten cycles per second.
  • the liquid crystal material need only occupy a closed space, considered in the plan view, formed between the inner circle and the outer ring.
  • the transparent conductive lines may be printed 0n a separate clear sheet positioned behind the crystal and above the dial, the liquid crystal material being positioned between the dial and the clear sheet.
  • FIG. S Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. S.
  • the dial 12 or the crystal 13 carries permanent markings in the form of numerals and/ or lines in the zone of an outer ring 45, similar to the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • This zone ⁇ 45 has a roughened or sandblasted appearance.
  • the annular zone between the outer ring 45 and the center circle 23 is used for the display of time which appears to move.
  • There are sixty evenly spaced lines 46 which are used to indicate both minutes and seconds. Any particular one of the lines y46 remains energized for one minute. At the end of one minute, the next line 46 of the sequence is energized for a minute. During the one-minute interval, successive lines of the sixty lines are flashed for a small fraction of a second at one-second intervals, giving the impression of a sweep second hand.
  • a set of twenty-four evenly spaced lines 47 are somewhat shorter and heavier than the rst set of lines 46. Every other one of these lines 47, such as line 47a, is closely adjacent to a line 46 of the first set which coincides with the position of the hour hand of a conventional watch at the full hour. The remaining twelve lines 4711 occupy the position of the hour hand of a conventional watch at the half hour. Each of these twentyfour lines ⁇ 47 is energized for one-half hour, after which the next line of the set 47 is energized in clockwise sequence.
  • the iirst mentioned twelve lines 47a are energized (one at a time) from 15 minutes before the full hour to l5 minutes after the full hour, the second group 4711 is energized from l5 minutes after the hour to l5 minutes before the next hour. This arrangement resolves any ambiguity which might occur if only twelve lines were used for the hour display, such as mistaking an indication of 12:58 for 11:58.
  • the number of necessary active elements is reduced by using the time display to perform two functions.
  • the time display is used for its normal function of indicating time.
  • the display elements are used as double input gate AND circuits to decode the output of the countdown circuits.
  • the seconds display counter described in connection with FIGS. 6 and 7 of this invention has sixty separate and distinct output states Iwhich must be decoded from a 6-bit binary code to a one out of 60 code to drive the 60 seconds indicators.
  • a binary code may use a 0 or l in each position so that a six-bit binary code may be 010011. The combinations of zero and one using six bits are 26 or 64.
  • the binary code is produced by the tandum series of count-down circuits.
  • the decoding is accomplished, using digital techniques, by utilizing a series of logical gates. The required conversion could be done using 60 six-input AND gates, but this is wasteful of circuitry requiring 360 (6x60) active devices.
  • each of the sixty AND gates would have six inputs.
  • the AND gate would operate only when pulsed with the particular binary code for that gate.
  • the six-bit code 010011 will operate the one out of the sixty AND gates which is pre-cooled to produce an output when that code appeared in that order and simultaneously at its six input gates.
  • Another method of decoding which is more economical from a point of View of hardware, uses what is known as two-level gating.
  • two-level gating the six-bit binary code is split in half.
  • the three most significant bits are decoded to a one out of eight code using eight AND gate circuits each having three inputs and the three least significant bits are also decoded to a one out of eight code.
  • This method uses only 168 (2X60-l-3X8-l-3X8) active devices.
  • the sixty transparent and conductive lines are deposited on the back face of the transparent watch crystal 12 as before.
  • the dial 1% ⁇ has a pattern of eight annular segments S057 formed of a conductive material which may also be transparent. Seven of the segments 50-56 each mask 8 lines of the top plate, the eighth segment 56 masking four lines.
  • the sixty top radially aligned lines 60 are electrically connected in the following manner, counting each of the sixty lines in sequence:
  • the dash between the numbered lines, above, indicates an electrical connection between them.
  • the -6Lbit counter is split in half and the three most significant bits are decoded yusing eight AND circuits each having three inputs.
  • the outputs of these circuits are designated A11, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8.
  • the least significant bits are decoded in like manner and the outputs of their circuits are designated B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, BS.
  • A1 is connected to a switch which, when activated, connects a voltage source V1 to the first annular segment 50.
  • A2 through A3 drive the remaining annular segments 51-56 in like manner.
  • B1 is connected to a switch which, when activated, connects a voltage source V2 to line segment 1.
  • B2 through B18 drive line segments 2 through 8 in similar fashtion.
  • A1 and B1 are both ON and line segment 1 is activated.
  • B1 turns OFF and B2 turns ON, activating line segment 2.
  • B8 turns OFF, recycling the decoder to B1 while A1 turns OFF and A2 turns ON
  • This combination energizes line segment 9.
  • all 60 line segments are activated sequentially with only 48 (3X8-i-3X8) active decoding elements.
  • the liquid crystal is optically affected only when a voltage is placed across it, i.e., when there is a Voltage difference between a segment and a line.
  • the liquid crystal, segments and lines act as two-input AND circuits. In a two-input AND circuit, both gates must be activated simultaneously for there to be an output.
  • the segment may be considered one input and the line, the other input and the optical response the output.
  • the back watch plate comprises two concentric segmented rings 70 and 71, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • data from the hours counter is presented to the 60 line segments on pulsed basis at a 50% duty cycle.
  • the hours date is being displayed, only the inner concentric ring is energized, so that the display is a short line segment.
  • data from the minutes counter is displayed with both rings energized. This displays a longer line segment.
  • the human eye tends to integrate the flickering so that the display appears not to blink.
  • An alternative construction to the liquid crystal cell is a solid ferroelectric electro-optically active ceramic plate.
  • This material is a polycrylstalline ferroelectric ceramic.
  • a preferred material is a hot pressed rhombohedral lead zirconate-lead titanate ceramic. The ceramic is pressed into a thin plate and polished.
  • the material may tbe a solid solution containing about 64% lead zirconate, 34% lead titanate, and 2% bismuth oxide. The solution is pressed for one hour at 3000 p.s.i. and at 1300 C.
  • the dial plate of a ⁇ watch consists of a thin ferroelectric ceramic plate 8'1, for example, a thickness in the range of .1 mm. to .01 mm., mounted on a non-conductive colored or mirrored backing material 82, for example, of a compatible ceramic material.
  • a thin transpartent layer of conductive material 83, having the desired pattern, is sandwiched between the ferroelectric ceramic and the backing material.
  • a voltage field is applied across 8417 and 83, switching the area between them to a uniform parallel polarization and causing it to 'become transparent. That area, which may, for example, be a seconds indication, will become transparent and permit the color or mirror of the backing material 82 to be seen.
  • a dial plate consists of a thin normally transparent ferroelectric ceramic plate 91 mounted on a colored or mirrored rigid non-conductive backing material 92.
  • the plate is poled, in its course of manufacture, in a D.C. field and, after removal of that field, still retains its polarization.
  • a thin transparent conductive line pattern 94a and 94b, having the desired pattern, is adhered to the top surface of the ferroelectric ceramic.
  • a voltage field is applied between lines 94a and 94h, switching the area between them to a different polarization and causing that area to scatter incident light. That area is an indication of time, for example, an hour hand position.
  • the area ⁇ 93 between the conductive lines 94a and r94b when it becomes frosted (scatters light) does not permit the backing material to show through.
  • the decoding pattern described in connection with FIG. 6 may be used with the ceramic structure of FIG. 8.
  • the other patterns of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 may be used with the ceramic structure of either FIG. 8 or FIG. 9.
  • the pattern may be placed on the front face or the rear face of the ceramic plate, or on both of its faces.
  • the space between the conductive lines be as narrow as possible so that lower voltages may be used.
  • the conductive line lies in an interdigital pattern with the conductive line 101 forming a small gap 102 between them.
  • the gap 102 becomes transparent with a voltage is applied between lines 100 and 101.
  • the gap 102 is preferably only a few mils wide. A line appears, when the gap is viewed from a little distance, which appears to be almost a solid line running in the direction of arrow 103'.
  • An electronic horological device including a case, a source of electrical power, a time base, an electronic circuit, a dial plate, a crystal, and a. time display, wherein the time display includes a liquid crystal material behind the face of the crystal, a plurality of conductive transparent lines on said crystal and a plurality of conductive arcas on said dial, said lines and said areas ibeing positioned to create a voltage gradient across the liquid crystal material and triggered in sequence by said electronic circuit, said lines being radially aligned relative to the center of said dial.
  • each of the lines constituting the said second group of lines consists of a rst segment, a second segment, and a gap between the segments, and wherein the said segments each have separate connection lines.
  • a horological device as in claim 1 wherein the time display comprises a set of conductive lines and a set of conductive segments which shadow the said lines, the said lines and segments constituting two-input gate circuits utilized for decoding.
  • An electronic horological device including a case, a source of electrical power, a time base, an electronic circuit, a system, a dial plate, a crystal and an electro-optic material, wherein the crystal and dial plate constitute iirst and second display substrates, one of the said substrates having a plurality of conductive lines and the other having a plurality of conductive areas, the electro-optic material being positioned between the said lines and the said areas, and the lines and areas being positioned to create a voltage gradient in the electro-optic material.
  • An electronic horological device including a case, a source of electrical power, a time base, an electronic circuit, a dial plate, a crystal, and a time display, wherein the time display includes an electro-optical ferroelectric ceramic material behind the face of the crystal and visible through said crystal, a plurality of conductive transparent lines positioned on said crystal and a plurality of conductive areas positioned on said dial to create a voltage gradient in the ceramic material and triggered in sequence by said electronic circuit, said lines being radially aligned relative to the center of said dial.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
US834237A 1968-07-31 1969-06-12 Horological time display Expired - Lifetime US3540209A (en)

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US74900768A 1968-07-31 1968-07-31
US83423769A 1969-06-12 1969-06-12

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US (1) US3540209A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA980135A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH1169969A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1937868A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2016838B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1224846A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (45)

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US3969887A (en) * 1973-03-08 1976-07-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Suncrux Research Office Electronically controlled timepieces using liquid crystal display elements
US3982239A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-09-21 North Hills Electronics, Inc. Saturation drive arrangements for optically bistable displays
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US4026103A (en) * 1974-12-02 1977-05-31 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Electronic timepiece with digital display means
US4034550A (en) * 1975-04-08 1977-07-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Electronic wristwatch digital display
US4041692A (en) * 1976-01-08 1977-08-16 Amelect Incorporated Electronic clock having time indicating light display
US4077032A (en) * 1976-01-07 1978-02-28 Volkman S Alan Electronic display apparatus
US4079369A (en) * 1973-12-19 1978-03-14 Japan Suncrux Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
JPS5347870U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-09-01 1978-04-22
US4095413A (en) * 1975-11-17 1978-06-20 Joachim Reich Electronic timepiece
US4095414A (en) * 1975-11-17 1978-06-20 Joachim Reich Electronic timepiece
US4106281A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-08-15 Freeman Alfred B Time displays for electronic time keeping devices
US4118922A (en) * 1975-12-27 1978-10-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic watch or clock and accessory devices therefor
USD252859S (en) 1976-11-15 1979-09-11 Les Must De Cartier-France Watch
US4213294A (en) * 1977-04-12 1980-07-22 Freeman Alfred B Analog displays for electronic timepieces
US4342030A (en) * 1979-03-13 1982-07-27 National Research Development Corporation Analogue displays for electronic timepieces or meters
US4385842A (en) * 1975-03-10 1983-05-31 Timex Corporation Electronic timepiece for indicating digital subdivisions of time in a substantially conventional format
WO1984002600A1 (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-07-05 Motorola Inc Electrooptic ceramic display and method for making same
DE2366514C3 (de) * 1972-09-30 1985-10-10 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Elektrooptisches Anzeigegerät
US4801932A (en) * 1985-06-04 1989-01-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Display apparatus
US5696740A (en) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-09 Inabinet; Lawrence E. Timepiece for converting between military and civilian time
WO2013109256A1 (en) 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Thomson Licensing Multi-mode ring clock
US20160047771A1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Blood glucose meter with low cost user interface having programmed graphic indicators
USD972953S1 (en) 2020-07-10 2022-12-20 Nicholas M. Rylander Clockface

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DE2232632C3 (de) * 1972-07-03 1981-09-17 Metall-Invent S.A., Zug Anzeigevorrichtung
DE2621538C3 (de) * 1975-05-28 1985-06-20 Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa Gasentladungsanzeigevorrichtung
GB1599667A (en) * 1977-05-12 1981-10-07 Murrell N J Electrooptical analogue display with reduced connections
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Cited By (48)

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US3800524A (en) * 1970-07-30 1974-04-02 T Matsumura Digital electronic timepiece
DE2201104A1 (de) * 1971-01-12 1972-09-07 American Cyanamid Co Elektronische Vorrichtung zur Sichtanzeige akkumulierten elektrischen Stromflusses
JPS4721664U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-03-11 1972-11-10
US3839857A (en) * 1971-06-03 1974-10-08 American Cyanamid Co Electrochromic information displays
US3721084A (en) * 1971-08-03 1973-03-20 Hamilton Watch Co Solid state watch incorporating large-scale integrated circuits
JPS4844093A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-10-08 1973-06-25
US3796037A (en) * 1971-10-28 1974-03-12 K Fujita Display method for solid state electronic timepiece
DE2253425A1 (de) * 1971-11-03 1973-05-17 Bulova Watch Co Inc Differentiell einstellbare kondensatoreinheit zur abstimmung eines kristallgesteuerten oszillators
US3748845A (en) * 1971-12-02 1973-07-31 Bulova Watch Co Inc Electronic system module for crystal-controlled watch
US3772874A (en) * 1971-12-09 1973-11-20 Princeton Materials Science Display apparatus and chronometer utilizing optically variable liquid
US3854278A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-12-17 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electronic wrist watch display
DE2349208A1 (de) 1972-09-30 1974-04-11 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Elektrooptisches anzeigegeraet
DE2366514C3 (de) * 1972-09-30 1985-10-10 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Elektrooptisches Anzeigegerät
US3982239A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-09-21 North Hills Electronics, Inc. Saturation drive arrangements for optically bistable displays
US3823549A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-07-16 Transparent Conductors Inc Electronically actuated liquid crystal watchface with conventional time format
US3969887A (en) * 1973-03-08 1976-07-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Suncrux Research Office Electronically controlled timepieces using liquid crystal display elements
US3914932A (en) * 1973-05-16 1975-10-28 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electronic timepiece
US3959963A (en) * 1973-10-29 1976-06-01 Nicholas John Murrell Solid-state display for time-piece
US4079369A (en) * 1973-12-19 1978-03-14 Japan Suncrux Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
US3982387A (en) * 1973-12-25 1976-09-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Solid state electronic timepiece
US3955354A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-05-11 Jack S. Kilby Display for electronic clocks and watches
US3844105A (en) * 1974-03-06 1974-10-29 Casio Computer Co Ltd Time indication apparatus
DE2515684A1 (de) * 1974-04-25 1975-11-13 Timex Corp Elektro-optische anzeigevorrichtung
US3987617A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-10-26 U.S. Philips Corporation Display device for a counting mechanism, such as a clock or watch
DE2516795A1 (de) * 1974-04-29 1975-11-06 Philips Nv Wiedergabevorrichtung fuer ein zaehlwerk, wie eine uhr
JPS50151168A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-04-29 1975-12-04
US4026103A (en) * 1974-12-02 1977-05-31 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Electronic timepiece with digital display means
US3908355A (en) * 1975-02-13 1975-09-30 Timex Corp Electrooptical timepiece display with conventional hour and minute hands
US4385842A (en) * 1975-03-10 1983-05-31 Timex Corporation Electronic timepiece for indicating digital subdivisions of time in a substantially conventional format
US4034550A (en) * 1975-04-08 1977-07-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Electronic wristwatch digital display
US4007583A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-02-15 Rca Corporation Electronic timepiece
US4095413A (en) * 1975-11-17 1978-06-20 Joachim Reich Electronic timepiece
US4095414A (en) * 1975-11-17 1978-06-20 Joachim Reich Electronic timepiece
US4118922A (en) * 1975-12-27 1978-10-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic watch or clock and accessory devices therefor
US4077032A (en) * 1976-01-07 1978-02-28 Volkman S Alan Electronic display apparatus
US4041692A (en) * 1976-01-08 1977-08-16 Amelect Incorporated Electronic clock having time indicating light display
US4106281A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-08-15 Freeman Alfred B Time displays for electronic time keeping devices
USD252859S (en) 1976-11-15 1979-09-11 Les Must De Cartier-France Watch
US4213294A (en) * 1977-04-12 1980-07-22 Freeman Alfred B Analog displays for electronic timepieces
JPS5347870U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-09-01 1978-04-22
US4342030A (en) * 1979-03-13 1982-07-27 National Research Development Corporation Analogue displays for electronic timepieces or meters
WO1984002600A1 (en) * 1982-12-20 1984-07-05 Motorola Inc Electrooptic ceramic display and method for making same
US4801932A (en) * 1985-06-04 1989-01-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Display apparatus
US5696740A (en) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-09 Inabinet; Lawrence E. Timepiece for converting between military and civilian time
WO2013109256A1 (en) 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Thomson Licensing Multi-mode ring clock
US20160047771A1 (en) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. Blood glucose meter with low cost user interface having programmed graphic indicators
US11035818B2 (en) * 2014-08-15 2021-06-15 Roche Diabetes Care, Inc. Blood glucose meter with low cost user interface having programmed graphic indicators
USD972953S1 (en) 2020-07-10 2022-12-20 Nicholas M. Rylander Clockface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2016838B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-03-16
DE1937868A1 (de) 1970-02-05
FR2016838A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-05-15
CA980135A (en) 1975-12-23
GB1224846A (en) 1971-03-10
CH1169969A4 (de) 1971-07-30

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