US3522015A - Direct conversion chemical processing arc heater - Google Patents

Direct conversion chemical processing arc heater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3522015A
US3522015A US527787A US3522015DA US3522015A US 3522015 A US3522015 A US 3522015A US 527787 A US527787 A US 527787A US 3522015D A US3522015D A US 3522015DA US 3522015 A US3522015 A US 3522015A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
arc
fluid
annular
header
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US527787A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel A Maniero
Charles B Wolf
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/185—Heating gases for arc discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
    • C07C2/80—Processes with the aid of electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/90—Antimony compounds
    • C07F9/902—Compounds without antimony-carbon linkages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/59—Arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure

Definitions

  • An arc heater has a pair of axially spaced annular electrodes forming a gap with a generally axially extending arc therebetween, the electrodes having magnetic field coils therein for generating a magnetic field which exerts a force on the arc and cause it to move substantially continuously around and between the electrodes and to describe a generally annular or cylindrical path.
  • Process gas to be pyrolized is substantially continuously admitted under pressure into the arc heater through a substantially circumferential admission path radially external to the electrodes from which it passes rapidly in a generally radial direction through the gap between electrodes and through the annular path described by are movement and into an arc chamber.
  • the arc describes its annular path at such a fast repetitive rate that pyrolysis with substantially uniform heating of the process gas are obtained.
  • the arc chamber is elongated providing a long path for process gas between arc pyrolysis area and exhaust area; cooling of the pyrolized gas to a temperature at which a a desired recombination product is present in substantial proportion may occur within the arc chamber.
  • Quenching gas may be introduced into the arc chamber at one or more axially spaced positions along the path of the process gas.
  • the volumetric capacity of the arc chamber is increased by having the upstream end of the arc chamber closed in a substantial axial distance from the upstream electrode.
  • This invention relates to improvements in arc heaters, and more particularly to an improved arc heater for the processing of one gas and the conversion thereof to another desired product gas, or carbon.
  • an electric arc may be used to pyrolyze a gas, and after the gas has been decomposed into atoms and free radicals, the atoms and free radicals may recombine to produce a different and desired product gas, depending upon the temperature to which the decomposed gas is quenched or cooled and the speed with which it is cooled after pyrolysis takes place. Sometimes an auxiliary gas may be added to assist in rapid cooling.
  • the arc heater of our invention utilizes an arcto pyrolyze the process gas or feed stock, for example OH; or C H which is thereafter quenched and cooled, so that a substantial yield of the product gas, for example C H is obtained.
  • the arc heater of our invention is especially suitable for handling high flow rates of the process gas, and for producing the product gas with a minimum of kilowatt hours of electricity to the arc per pound of the product gas. For example, in one experimental test run of our arc heater, methane (CH was utilized as a process gas with a flow rate of 0.275 lbs. per second.
  • the power to the arc electrodes was 840 kilowatts, and the acetylene, C H yield was 5.03 kilowatt hours of electricity utilized by the arc, per pound of acetylene C H a figure which compares very favorably with other processes now in general use, such as the Du Pont process and Huels process.
  • a primary object of our invention is to 3,522,015 Patented July 28, 1970 MIC provide a new and improved direct conversion chemical processing arc heater.
  • Another object is to provide a new and improved chemical processing are heater in which large flow rates of a process gas may be employed.
  • Still a further object is to provide a new and improved arc heater for chemical processing in which the kilowatt hours per pound of a product gas are maintained at a low value.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section through the direct conversion chemical processing are heater according to the preferred embodiment of our invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • a pair of fluid cooled electrodes 11 and 12 have an are 13 therebetween. It is seen that the electrodes 11 and 12 are annular in shape, and that each of the electrodes has an annular magnetic field producing coil therein, these being designated 14 and 15 respectively. If desired, field coils 14 and 15 are energized by direct current, the leads to the coil 14 being shown at 16 and 17 passing through a passageway 18, the leads to coil 15 being shown at 21 and 22 passing through passageway 23.
  • Coils 14 and 15 may be energized by direct current with their fields in opposition so that a magnetic field is produced between electrodes which is substantially transverse to the path of the are 13 and which exerts a force on the are 13 which causes it to rotate substantially continuously around the annular arcing surface of the electrodes in a conventional manner.
  • the rotation of an are by a magnetic field has been described elsewhere in the literature of the art and in prior art patents and need not be described in detail.
  • Coil 14 is seen to be mounted in an annular housing 24 composed of insulating material, the housing 24 being disposed within an annular cup-shaped member 25 which is generally U-shaped in cross section, which has ends 26 and 27 thereof abutting against annular shoulders 28 and 29 of an electrode supporting and fluid channeling member 30.
  • the cup-shaped member 25 is seen to be spaced from the inner wall of the generally U-shaped electrode 11 providing fluid passageways 31, 32 and 33. It is seen that the portion of the fluid passageway 31 at the lefthand end thereof communicates with a fluid header 34, which may be a fluid inlet header, and which has fluid inlet 35.
  • Passageway 33 around the other side of the coil and coil housing communicates by way of a plurality of circumferentially spaced passageways 36 and 37 with a fluid header 38 which may be a fluid outlet header.
  • a fluid header 38 which may be a fluid outlet header.
  • two fluid inlets spaced apart are provided for the fluid inlet header 34, there being an inlet in addition to the inlet shown at 35; and in addition there are two fluid outlets 39, only one being shown for simplicity of illustration for the fluid outlet header 38, the fluid outlets being preferably spaced 180 apart.
  • the internal construction of the other electrode 12 is similar to that of the electrode 11 and need not be described in detail.
  • Fluid passageways 41, 42, and 43 around the three sides of the field coil 15 communicate, one with fluid outlet header 44 and another with fluid inlet header 45.
  • Fluid inlet header 45 is seen having the inlet passageway 46 communicating therewith, and outlet header 44 has outlet 47.
  • this heat shield enclosing the chamber in which the arc takes place, this heat shield including two generally annular ring members 51 and 52, separated by a center ring 53.
  • two annular L-shaped ring members generally designated 51 and 52 each has a plurality of annular fingers 54 and 55 respectively extending from ring inside wall portions 48 and 49 respectively forming in each ring member a plurality of spaced annular passageways 62 and 63 respectively.
  • ring members 9 and 10 respectively having short fluid inlet headers 56 and 57 respectively, fluid header 56 having inlet 58, and fluid header 57 having inlet 60.
  • outlets 59 and 61 communicating with fluid outlet headers 165 and 166 in rings 9 and 10 respectively, so that fluid flows in two semicircular paths in passageways 62 and 63.
  • annular passageway 64 constitutes a gas header, and in actual practice the arc heater would employ two gas inlets to this gas header 66, one of these gas inlets being shown at 67, it being understood that another gas inlet spaced if desired at 180 therefrom would also be provided.
  • gas header 66 From the gas header 66 gas passes through a plurality of circumferentially spaced passageways 68 and into annular space 69, thence through gaps or spaced Adjacent the aforementioned electrode 12 is a similar into the portion of the chamber 50 Where the arc rotates. bores 70 into the aforementioned annular space 64 and gas header 71 having gas inlet 72, gas from the gas header 71 entering the arc chamber through the annular space 73.
  • electrode 11 is separated from annular ring 51 by annular insulating means including annular insulating members 74 and 75, and that electrode 12 is electrically insulated from ring member 52 by means including annular insulating members 77 and 78.
  • the remainder of the arc heater includes sectionalized arc chamber walls, these including a heat shield generally designated 80, which section may be eliminated if desired, a heat shield generally designated 81, and a heat shield generally designated 82. It is further noted that the right-hand end of the arc chamber 50 is closed by an end plug generally designated 84 and that on the left-hand of the arc heater as seen in the figure there is a nozzle generally designated 86.
  • cylindrical heat shield 82 is fluid cooled by fluid flowing in passageways 88 and 89, passageway 88 connecting with fluid header 91 and thence with fluid inlet 92, passageway 89 communicating with fluid header 94 and thence with fluid outlet 95.
  • gas is admitted into the chamber 50 at a plurality of circumferentially spaced positions around the heat shield 82, there being an annular insulating member 97 with spaced bores 98 communicating with an annular passageway 99 which communicates by way of spaced bores 101 with an annular gas header 100 which has a gas inlet, not shown for convenience of illustration, disposed at a convenient position on the arc heater.
  • Gas is also admitted at a plurality of circumferentially spaced positions around the end plug generally designated 84 and near the inner chamber wall of the heat shield 82.
  • annular space 102 which serves as an auxiliary gas header, and an annular gasket of insulating material 103 having a plurality of bores 104 at spaced intervals therearound to permit a quenching gas or an auxiliary gas or a process gas to be introduced into the chamber 50.
  • the annular space 102 communicates with annular gas header 106.
  • the heat shield generally designated 82 is electrically insulated from the electrode 12 by means 107, 108, and that the heat shield generally designated 82 is electrically insulated from the end plug 84 by means 111 and 112 composed of insulating material.
  • End plugs 84 is seen to be fluid cooled, having a conical passageway 113 extending from fluid header 114 connected to fluid inlet 115.
  • the conical passageway 113 communicates with a fluid header 116 connected to fluid outlet 117.
  • the aforementioned heat shield 81 is similar to the heat shield 82 and need not be described in detail. Suffice it to say regarding the heat shield 81 that the surface thereof which faces the arc chamber 50 is fluid cooled by fluid passageways having fluid inlet and fluid outlet headers communicating with fluid inlets and fluid outlets.
  • a gas is admitted at a plurality of circumferentially spaced positions between heat shield 81 and heat shield and a gas is admitted at, or can be admitted at, a plurality of circumferentially spaced positions between heat shield 81 and electrode 11, the last named gas passing through the passageway 119 and through spaced bores 120 in an annular ring of insulating material 121.
  • the gas header for the last named gas is designated 122 having inlet 124, while the gas header for gas admitted by way of annular space 155 the heat shields 80 and 81 is designated 123, having a gas inlet, not shown, for convenience of illustration.
  • Heat shield 80 which is electrically insulated from heat shield 81 by insulating means 125 and 126 and electrically insulated from nozzle 86 by insulating means 128 and 129.
  • Heat shield 80 is cooled by fluid passing through annular passages 131 communicating by way of holes 127 With a fluid header 132 having fluid inlet 133, and communicating by holes with outlet header 144 having fluid outlet 134, spaced from inlet 133 so that fluid flows through two semicircular paths.
  • Passageways 136 and 137 may be used for seeding or sampling or quenching or mixing purposes, but may be plugged up by plugs 138 and 139, which may be secured thereto by bolts, not shown for convenience of illustration.
  • the heat shield 80 may be entirely eliminated from the arc heater, and the arc chamber wall may comprise an up-stream heat shield 82, and a downstream heat shield 81.
  • Gas may be injected between the aforementioned heat shield 80 and the aforementioned nozzle 86 by way of gas header 141 having inlet 142, header 141 communicating by spaced passageways 161 with annular space 162.
  • the aforementioned nozzle 86 is seen to include a fluid cooled inner surface 146 having fluid flow passageway 147 near the inner surface, the passageway 147 communicating with a fluid inlet header 148 and a fluid outlet header 149, these communicating with inlets and outlets respectively, not shown for convenience of illustration.
  • an arc heater with means for supplying a large electrical current to the electrodes, symbolized by leads 151 and 152 connected to source of potential 153 to produce and sustain the arc 13; magnetic field coils 14 and 15 are energized to set up a magnetic field which causes the arc to rotate at a predetermined speed which is neither too fast nor too slow, the arc moving from any particular position before the intensely hot are spot has burned through the electrode, the are not returning to the same position until that area or that point on the electrode has had a chance to cool down to a safe temperature. It is further seen that gas may be admitted into the arc chamber at a plurality of points depending upon the process gas used and the desired product.
  • the process gas is pyrolized or decomposed by the heat of the arc and thereafter it is cooled to a temperature at which some desired recombination product is present in substantial proportion, the exact temperature of cooling determining in part the proportion of the desired recombination product.
  • the gap between electrodes 11 and 12 is adjustable, if desired by having a number of rings 51-52 of various widths available for use.
  • a process gas may be introduced at one or more of a num- 234 269 ber of points up-stream and down-stream of an arc to 5.2% 38 2.3 ⁇ assist in providing maximum production of the desired product for a given kilowatt hours of power to the arc.
  • Tables I and H show a chemical analysis of the gas in the arc heater where methane is used as the process gas, and the desired recombination product is acetylene C H Further, although an auxiliary quenching gas was not employed in the test runs described, out apparatus provides that a quenching gas or an auxiliary gas may be introduced at a number of points up-stream and down-stream In obtaining test samples of gas for chemical analysis, a 3 of an are or substantially in the area of the arc path.
  • Test run number 3 shows that TABLE IV.CONVERSION OF CaHe TO PRODUCTS Percent reference to total carbon for a certain flow rate and are input power, the yield Run No Soot can on. 02H; can, C3H4 0.11. of acetylene, measured in kilowatt hours per pound of Q27 Q31 0.27 41 acetylene, compares very favorably with presently used 13.83 5.48 1.56 0. 33
  • gas header 100 4% by the gas inlet (not shown) for gas header 106. 4% by gas header 123 and gas inlet 110. 4% by gas inlet 142 and gas header 141.
  • Arc heater apparatus for chemical processing comprising generally cylindrical means forming an arc chamber, first and second axially spaced annular electrodes disposed in the arc chamber with an annular gap therebetween, the second electrode being the downstream electrode, means for producing and sustaining an are between the first and second electrodes, the arc extending generlly in an axial direction, means for causing the arc to move substantially continuously around and between the first and second electrodes and to describe a generally annular path, means for introducing a process gas into the arc chamber through a substantially circumferential path radially external to the electrodes from which the process gas passes in a generally radial direction through the gap between electrodes and through the annular path described by are movement, said are pyrolizing the process gas, and means located downstream of the second electrode a distance substantially equal to the distance between the arcing surfaces of the first and second electrodes for introducing a quenching gas into the chamber, the quenching gas acting to cool the pyrolized gas, and nozzle exhaust means for the arc chamber.
  • An arc heater for chemical processing comprising generally cylindrical means forming an arc chamber, first and second axially spaced annular electrodes disposed in the arc chamber with an annular gap therebetween and assisting in defining the arc chamber, the second electrode being the downstream electrode, means for producing and sustaining an are between the first and second electrodes, the are extending generally in an axial direction, means for causing the arc to move substantially continuously around and between the first and second electrodes and to describe a generally annular path, means for introducing a process gas into the are chamber peripherally spaced positions between the first and second through a substantially circumferential path radially external to the electrodes from which the rocess gas passes in a generally radial direction through the gap between electrodes and through the annular path described by are movement and is pyrolized by the arc, nozzle exhaust means for the arc chamber, and heat shield means extending between the second electrode and the nozzle exhaust means, the heat shield means being at least several times greater in length than the distance between the first and second electrodes
  • heater apparatus additionally characterized as including means for injecting a quenching fluid into the pyrolized process gas at some position along the length of the heat shield means and before the process gas is exhausted through the nozzle exhaust means.
  • Arc heater apparatus in which the heat shield means is composed of tWo elongated sections and the quenching fluid may be injected at a plurality of peripherally spaced points between the two sections of the heat shield means.
  • the means forming an arc chamber includes a closing plug for the upstream end of the arc heater and an elongated heat shield interposed between the first electrode and the closing plug, the space enclosed by the last-named elongated heat shield increasing the volumetric capacity of the arc chamber thereby increasing the conversion effiency of the arc heater where methane is the process gas and the desired recombination product is acetylene.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
US527787A 1966-01-15 1966-02-16 Direct conversion chemical processing arc heater Expired - Lifetime US3522015A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF48174A DE1290712B (de) 1966-01-15 1966-01-15 Gegen den Abbau durch Licht und Waerme stabilisierte Formmassen
US52778766A 1966-02-16 1966-02-16

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US3522015A true US3522015A (en) 1970-07-28

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US527787A Expired - Lifetime US3522015A (en) 1966-01-15 1966-02-16 Direct conversion chemical processing arc heater
US607399A Expired - Lifetime US3466261A (en) 1966-01-15 1967-01-05 Polyolefins stabilized by thioesters of antimonious acid

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US607399A Expired - Lifetime US3466261A (en) 1966-01-15 1967-01-05 Polyolefins stabilized by thioesters of antimonious acid

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US (2) US3522015A (ru)
BE (1) BE692658A (ru)
CH (1) CH482746A (ru)
DE (2) DE1290712B (ru)
DK (1) DK114581B (ru)
ES (1) ES335560A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR1507957A (ru)
GB (2) GB1110741A (ru)
NL (1) NL6700414A (ru)
NO (1) NO121471B (ru)
SE (1) SE316014B (ru)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3629553A (en) * 1969-01-10 1971-12-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Recurrent arc heating process
US3760145A (en) * 1971-12-13 1973-09-18 Panelera International Inc Short gap electric arc heater with opposing gas swirl
US3869616A (en) * 1972-10-06 1975-03-04 Aga Ab Reactor for plasma-chemical processes
US4070412A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-01-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for production of acetylene by laser irradiation
US4098578A (en) * 1975-01-21 1978-07-04 Stanton Anthony A Ionization of exhaust gases
US4102764A (en) * 1976-12-29 1978-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High purity silicon production by arc heater reduction of silicon intermediates
US4102765A (en) * 1977-01-06 1978-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Arc heater production of silicon involving alkali or alkaline-earth metals
US4102767A (en) * 1977-04-14 1978-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Arc heater method for the production of single crystal silicon
US4162291A (en) * 1977-10-12 1979-07-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Liquid silicon casting control mechanism
US5095828A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-03-17 Environmental Thermal Systems, Corp. Thermal decomposition of waste material
US20080234530A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-09-25 Yassine Kabouzi Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Gaseous Effluents

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US3919168A (en) * 1974-04-19 1975-11-11 Dart Ind Inc Vinyl halide resin stabilizer compositions of organotin or antimony organic sulfur-containing compounds and tri-alkali metal phosphates
US4231895A (en) * 1979-01-02 1980-11-04 M & T Chemicals Inc. Synergistic heat stabilizer compositions containing an antimony or a bismuth compound
US4303578A (en) * 1979-04-03 1981-12-01 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Organo-antimony compounds
US4269731A (en) * 1979-08-27 1981-05-26 Argus Chemical Corporation Antimony mercaptocarboxylic acid ester stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride resin compositions and process
US4440674A (en) * 1980-08-08 1984-04-03 Dart Industries Inc. Synergistic vinyl halide stabilizer compositions of antimony organic sulfur-containing compounds, alkaline earth carboxylates and alkali metal carbonates
US4517115A (en) * 1980-08-08 1985-05-14 Plastic Specialties And Technologies, Inc. Synergistic vinyl halide stabilizer compositions of antimony organic sulfur-containing compounds, alkaline earth carboxylates, and alkali metal carbonates
US4417015A (en) * 1981-02-06 1983-11-22 Dart Industries Inc. Low toxic polyvinylchloride stabilizers
CA1225441A (en) * 1984-01-23 1987-08-11 Edward S. Fox Plasma pyrolysis waste destruction
US4806270A (en) * 1987-02-06 1989-02-21 Synthetic Products Company Stain-resistant antimony organic sulfur-containing compounds and vinyl halide resins containing same
RU2765466C1 (ru) * 2021-04-06 2022-01-31 Акционерное общество "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации "Исследовательский центр имени М.В. Келдыша" Способ получения водорода и ацетилена и установка для его реализации

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182176A (en) * 1962-12-10 1965-05-04 Edgar A Bunt Arc plasma generator
US3343019A (en) * 1964-03-06 1967-09-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp High temperature gas arc heater with liquid cooled electrodes and liquid cooled chamber walls
US3389189A (en) * 1965-04-06 1968-06-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method and equipment for the pyrolysis and synthesis of hydrocarbons and other gasesand arc heater apparatus for use therein

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2680726A (en) * 1951-11-17 1954-06-08 Metal & Thermit Corp Antimony mercaptoesters and chlorinated organic compounds stabilized therewith
US2684956A (en) * 1952-02-25 1954-07-27 Metal & Thermit Corp Antimony mercaptide compounds and compositions containing same
GB888673A (en) * 1959-10-28 1962-01-31 Sun Oil Co Improvements in or relating to the stabilization of polyolefins
US3341464A (en) * 1962-08-09 1967-09-12 American Cyanamid Co Heat resistant aminium salt infrared absorbers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182176A (en) * 1962-12-10 1965-05-04 Edgar A Bunt Arc plasma generator
US3343019A (en) * 1964-03-06 1967-09-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp High temperature gas arc heater with liquid cooled electrodes and liquid cooled chamber walls
US3389189A (en) * 1965-04-06 1968-06-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method and equipment for the pyrolysis and synthesis of hydrocarbons and other gasesand arc heater apparatus for use therein

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3629553A (en) * 1969-01-10 1971-12-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Recurrent arc heating process
US3760145A (en) * 1971-12-13 1973-09-18 Panelera International Inc Short gap electric arc heater with opposing gas swirl
US3869616A (en) * 1972-10-06 1975-03-04 Aga Ab Reactor for plasma-chemical processes
US4098578A (en) * 1975-01-21 1978-07-04 Stanton Anthony A Ionization of exhaust gases
US4070412A (en) * 1976-09-08 1978-01-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for production of acetylene by laser irradiation
US4102764A (en) * 1976-12-29 1978-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. High purity silicon production by arc heater reduction of silicon intermediates
US4102765A (en) * 1977-01-06 1978-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Arc heater production of silicon involving alkali or alkaline-earth metals
US4102767A (en) * 1977-04-14 1978-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Arc heater method for the production of single crystal silicon
US4162291A (en) * 1977-10-12 1979-07-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Liquid silicon casting control mechanism
US5095828A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-03-17 Environmental Thermal Systems, Corp. Thermal decomposition of waste material
US20080234530A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-09-25 Yassine Kabouzi Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Gaseous Effluents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3466261A (en) 1969-09-09
DE1667359A1 (de) 1971-08-12
DE1290712B (de) 1969-03-13
NO121471B (ru) 1971-03-01
GB1125241A (en) 1968-08-28
DK114581B (da) 1969-07-14
CH482746A (de) 1969-12-15
BE692658A (ru) 1967-07-17
ES335560A1 (es) 1968-08-16
FR1507957A (fr) 1967-12-29
GB1110741A (en) 1968-04-24
NL6700414A (ru) 1967-07-17
SE316014B (ru) 1969-10-13

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