US3517498A - Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread Download PDF

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Publication number
US3517498A
US3517498A US738886A US3517498DA US3517498A US 3517498 A US3517498 A US 3517498A US 738886 A US738886 A US 738886A US 3517498D A US3517498D A US 3517498DA US 3517498 A US3517498 A US 3517498A
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Prior art keywords
thread
threads
fluid
doupion
looser
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US738886A
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English (en)
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Georges J Burellier
Jacques A Menault
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RODIACETA
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RODIACETA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/162—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam with provision for imparting irregular effects to the yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/34—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns

Definitions

  • a looser thread which is the effect thread, is caused to convolute, loop and interlace with a tighter thread, which is the core thread, by passing the two threads into a turbulence and suction zone.
  • the turbulence and suction is accomplished by passing a fluid, e.g., air, into the zone, and by intermittently applying the fluid, the looser thread is interrnittently overfed.
  • Tension is maintained on the tighter thread by conventional means, while the tension on the looser thread is maintained by a fluid means.
  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the preparation of a fancy thread, particularly of the doupion type; it also relates to the threads thus obtained.
  • doupion is known in the art to mean, in particular, a raw irregular silk thread. However, for purposes of this application the definition is broadened to encompass the following description.
  • Doupion thread a thread of natural or synthetic materials, having protuberances, e.g. loops, convolutions and interlacings, along its length (a knobby thread). According to the effect desired, the length, average diameter, intensity and frequency of these protuberances can :be varied.
  • the overfeeding speed of the effect thread the thread which loops and convolutes
  • that of the core thread the thread about which the effect thread convolutes and loops.
  • the elements which form the doupion are then comprised by filaments presenting, individually, some coils, loops and convolutions placed at irregular intervals along the length of the core thread.
  • the doupion threads thus obtained are generally satisfactory for numerous uses, in weaving as well as knitting.
  • complicated supplemental apparatus such as, notably, means to vary the feeding speed of at least one To prepare such threads, mechanical processes were ice of the threads. Accordingly, these techniques are not well adapted to modern high speed production, and are not compatible with the speeds conventionally reached in spinning synthetic threads, fibers, filaments and yarns.
  • the present invention comprises introducing, with different tensions, at least two threads into a zone where a fluid produces a turbulence in such a way that a looser thread (effect thread) forms loops, convolutions and other protuberances around and along the length of a tighter thread (core thread) with a greater relative tension than the looser thread and subsequently, with or without twisting, passing the so-formed threads to wind-up means for the threads or yarns, and wherein the improvement comprises intermittently applying the fluid which produces the said turbulence, and wherein the said fluid also produces a suction on the looser thread, so that this thread suddenly overfeeds in the zone of turbulence in relation to the tighter thread.
  • the formation of loops and the overfeeding caused by the fluid are effected simultaneously.
  • the expression with different tensions means that the threads are introduced in the zone of turbulence under such tensions that one of the threads acquires a substan tial fluff in relation to the other, in the nature of a loop, etc., and thus becomes the effect thread.
  • these tensions may be varied within very large limits.
  • the core thread may have a tension between 0.05 and 1.0 gram/denier and the effect thread may have a tension between 0.005 and 0.03 gram/denier.
  • the core thread should have a tension between 40 and 2000% greater than the effect thread and the effect thread should have a tension less than 0.03 gram/denier.
  • this process is characterized in that first of all, a turbulence of fluid is created only intermittently, at regular or irregular intervals, and also in that the said fluid, besides its conventional function of forming the doupion effect by looping, interlacing, etc. of the looser thread with the tighter thread, simultaneously, by aspiration, i.e. suction, performs the function of overfeeding the looser thread.
  • aspiration i.e. suction
  • the process according to the invention constitutes an appreciable improvement of the pneumatic processes known to the art.
  • the fluid exercises the simultaneous function of overfeeding at least one thread and forming the doupion effect.
  • the present invention allows the production of fancy threads, filaments and yarns at speeds comparable with the spinning speeds of synthetic threads; and accordingly can be advantageously integrated into conventional continuous installations for spinning-extrusion, stretching and winding of synthetic threads.
  • the effect thread i.e. the thread of lesser tension
  • the core thread i.e. the thread of relatively greater tension
  • the threads may be chosen from the so-called artificial threads such as acetates, or triacetate of cellulose, rayon or derivatives thereof, or synthetic threads such as those of polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, polyurethanes, vinylals and others.
  • the acrylic multifilament threads have been found particularly advantageous. Also, one can mix threads of a different chemical nature and/or physical properties (rate of shrinkage, stretching, appearance, color, cross-section, etc.) or any other different characteristics.
  • the threads used with the invention may be twisted or untwisted, but at least a slight twist is preferred, e.g. little or greatly twisted threads can be used.
  • the fluid used is a gas, i.e. an inert gas, which may be, for example, saturated or unsaturated steam, nitrogen, air, etc.
  • the gas may be either hot or cold.
  • the preferred fluid is compressed air.
  • a first open-ended passage means or conduit e.g. tube, pipe, channel, through which the tighter thread passes;
  • a second open-ended passage or conduit means e.g. aperture, tube, pipe, channel, through which the looser thread passes, which second passage means communicates with the first passage means;
  • the suction and turbulence zone will be disposed between the place where the first and second passage means communicates and the exit end of the first passage means.
  • the tighter thread enters the first passage means at the entry end thereof and passes out the exit end thereof.
  • the looser thread enters the second passage means, passes through and enters the first passage means. Upstream of the communication locus of the first and second passage means a turbulence and suction zone convolutes, loops and interlaces the looser thread about the tighter thread to produce the doupion thread.
  • the so-formed thread passes out of the first passage means for wind-up.
  • the turbulence and suction means is applied intermittently while the looser thread is maintained at a relatively constant tension by a fluid tension means.
  • the first passage means or conduit has, preferably, three sections: a first section, a transition section and a second section.
  • the second section is of greater crosssection than the first, and the transition section bridges the first and second sections, preferably at angles of 20 to 30".
  • the suction and turbulence means communicates with the first passage means in the transition section.
  • the second passage means should communicate with the first passage means at an acute angle, i.e. 20-45, in respect to the entry end of the first passage means, and preferably be coplanar with respect to the axis of the first and axis of the second passage means.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an installation suitable for carrying out the process of the invention wherein the apparatus has been adapted to a conventional spinning frame of synthetic threads.
  • the apparatus has been adapted to a conventional spinning frame of synthetic threads.
  • any other installation for the transformation of threads may be used, e.g. a mill, etc.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate embodiments of devices according to the invention.
  • a nozzle 4 As shown in FIG. 1, along the normal path of a thread 1 maintained at its normal winding tension, there is disposed, between the delivery rolls 2 and winder 3, a nozzle 4 according to theinvention.
  • the nozzle is fed from a bobbin 5, with a thread 6 of relatively low tension as compared with the tension of thread 1.
  • compressed air is directed intermittently to nozzle 4.
  • a solenoid or pneumatic valve controlled by an appropriate impulse providing system such as a cam system, perforated cards,
  • .magnetic tape, etc. may be used to control the flow of air directed intermittently into the nozzle 4.
  • the compressed air As already mentioned, the compressed air:
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a nozzle suitable for use in the invention.
  • a fluid feeding conduit 11 which is connected to a source of compressed air (not shown), a channel 12 for receiving the tighter thread (the core thread) after the tighter thread has passed through upper portion 15, and a feeding channel 13 for receiving the looser thread (effect thread).
  • FIG. 2 Also shown in FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of one of the many known and conventional devices for supplying intermittent flows of fluid to the nozzle.
  • a fluid conveying conduit 16 will be connected by any convenient means (not shown) to fluid feeding conduit 11.
  • Fluid enters conduit 11 via supply line 17 (from a source of compressed fluid which is not shown) and control valve 18, having any desired restriction means (not shown) such as a conventional gate in a slide-gate valve.
  • the restriction means is opened and closed via any convenient linkage such as a counter-balanced pivoted arm 18a having a counter-balance weight 1812 and said pivoted arm is actuated by a solenoid 18c having an urging ram 18d to urge upwardly the pivoted arm when the solenoid is electrically energized via connecting wires 18s and 18
  • a solenoid 18c having an urging ram 18d to urge upwardly the pivoted arm when the solenoid is electrically energized via connecting wires 18s and 18
  • the solenoid when the solenoid is not electrically energized, the urging ram will return to within the body of the solenoid 18c and when the solenoid is electrically energized, the urging ram will move upwardly from the body of the solenoid and urge upwardly counter-balance weight 18b and actuate pivoted arm 18a.
  • microswitch 19 connected to an appropriate source of electrical current (not shown) by wires 19a and 19b.
  • Microswitch 19 is open and closed by means of a pivoted cam follower 19c which depresses and releases the contact point 19e at irregular times and for irregular intervals according to the rotation of controller cam 19 during rotation thereof. All of the above is quite well known and conventional and is referenced herein only as illustrative of one of the many known conventional apparatus for providing intermittent flows of fluids.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-section of another nozzle satisfactory for the carrying out of the process of the invention.
  • 21 designates a fluid feeding conduit, joined to the body of the nozzle by any suitable means, e.g. by Welding, gluing or a screw thread.
  • the fluid (compressed air) discharges in a circular chamber 26 connected to the upper portion 25 of channel 22 by apertures 24, inclined in relation to channel 22, e.g. inclined at angles between 45 and 90 degrees.
  • the tighter thread is initially received by the nozzle in upper portion 25 from which the tighter thread is passed through and out of the nozzle via channel 22.
  • a toric joint 27 assures the tightness of the chamber 26.
  • a small bar of baked ceramic 28 is placed in order to decrease abrasion of the effect thread.
  • the channel 23 is preceded by a tension device 29 having a delivery tube 30 for introducing compressed air into chamber 31.
  • the compressed air passes through an annulus 32 and creates a suction on the opening 33 through which the effect thread passes. This suction creates a tension on the effect thread proportional to the pressure of the air and the cross-section of the annulus, and is adjusted to provide a tension within the above-noted ranges.
  • Air is continuously injected through delivery tube 30, which maintains an appropriate tension on the effect thread prior to its entry into channel 23.
  • a channel 34 allows injection into channel 22 of a pulverized solid lubricant, e.g. talc, if desired.
  • a pulverized solid lubricant e.g. talc
  • EXAMPLE 1 At a speed of 600 m./rnin. and under a tension of 9 grams accomplished by conventional means, a continuous 70 deniers/ 22 strands multifilament acrylic thread, without twist is introduced in upper portion 25 of channel 22 of the nozzle described in FIG. 3. Another continuous 90 deniers/32 strands multifilament acrylic thread without twist is passed into channel 23 and is under a tension of about 1 gram maintained by a weak injection of compressed air (i.e. to 40 p.s.i.g.) in the delivery tube 30.
  • compressed air i.e. to 40 p.s.i.g.
  • a set of cams of difierent shapes and driven at different speeds give randomly distributed impulses to the air supply of a pneumatic valve.
  • the average frequency of the impulse is in the order of a second.
  • the so controlled pneumatic valve in turn supplies air compressed at about 30 p.s.i.g. from a conventional source (e.g. air compressor and tank) to conduit 21 and in turn through chamber 26, and two apertures of 0.5 mm. diameter and finally out conduit 22 by way of the upper portion 25 of the nozzle.
  • the yarn obtained is then wound up without twist on the bobbin.
  • This thread was used in weaving a cloth and provided a very marked doupion effect.
  • a multifilament 70 deniers/22 strands acrylic thread, without twist, having a shrinkage of 19% in steam at 120 C.
  • This thread was used in weaving a cloth.
  • the cloth was passed through a tenter frame under conditions sufiicient to cause shrinkage of the acrylic thread, e.g. steam at 110-140 C.
  • the resulting cloth presented a marked doupion effect, and a very pleasant feel.
  • EXAMPLE 3 On a conventional apparatus for stretching polyamide thread, which apparatus was equipped with a system of wind-up bobbins, was placed a nozzle as in Example 1.
  • the bobbins had a winding speed of 700 m/min. with no twist.
  • the nozzle was placed just before the bobbins and functioned as in Example 1.
  • the nozzle was operated with the following threads and conditions:
  • the core thread was polyhexamethylene adipamide 70 deniers/34 strands, half dull, which had been stretched upstream of the nozzle on the conventional spinning frame.
  • This thread was introduced into the nozzle under tension of about 6 grams, controlled in a conventional manner.
  • the effect thread was polyhexamethylene adipamide deniers/34 strands, without twist, fed under a tension of about 2 grams by controlling the air pressure to tube 30, e.g. a pressure of about 20 to 25 p.s.i.g.
  • the nozzle was operated as in Example 1 and formed the doupion threads as fast as the conventional spinning frame produced the stretched polyhexamethylene adipamide threads.
  • the conduit for the core thread will normally be between 2 mm. and 5 mm. in diameter and the conduit for the effect thread will normally be between 2 mm. and 5 mm.
  • the upper portion of the core thread conduit (15 and 25 in FIGS. 2 and 3) will generally be between 8 mm. and 15 mm. in diameter.
  • the apertures (14a and 24) will generally be between 0.3 mm. and 0.7 mm. and one or more apertures may be used, e.g. 1-20 apertures.
  • the aperture may be a continuous adjustable aperture by substituting a threaded joint for toric joint 27 and providing the upper portion 25 as a separate part of conduit 22.
  • the cross-sectional area of the apertures and the pressure of the fluid e.g. 5 p.s.i.g. to 40 p.s.i.g.
  • various amounts of suction and turbulence may exerted on the effect thread.
  • the aperture crosssection and fluid pressure be so chosen to provide sufficient turbulence to cause the degree of looping, convolutions and interlacing necessary for any degree of the doupion effect desired.
  • the tension on the effect thread may be varied by adjusting the cross-section of annulus 32 or the air pressure in chamber 31, e.g. between about 5 and 40 p.s.i.g.
  • An apparatus for producing fancy threads of the doupion type comprising:
  • suction and turbulence means for exercising a suction and a turbulence on the looser thread, said suction and turbulence means being disposed between the exit end of said first passage means and said communication between the said first and second passage means;
  • An apparatus for producing a thread of the doupion type by looping, convoluting and interlacing looser threads with tighter threads comprising:
  • fluid suction means communicating with and for intermittently passing a fluid into said first conduit means at a position spaced between the communication between the said first conduit means and passage means and the said exit end of the first conduit means, whereby a suction and turbulence is ap plied to the looser thread within said first conduit means;
  • first conduit means comprises a first section, a transition section and a second section and wherein the second section presents a passage area of greater cross-section than the passage area of said first section, and wherein the said second conduit means communicates with the said first conduit means in the said first section, and wherein the said fluid suction means communicates with said first conduit means in the transition section thereof.
  • the improvement comprises producing said turbulence intermittently and effecting a suction on the looser thread, whereby the looser thread suddenly overfeeds in the said fluid turbulence zone in relation to the said tighter thread.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US738886A 1967-06-22 1968-06-21 Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread Expired - Lifetime US3517498A (en)

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US (1) US3517498A (de)
BE (1) BE717002A (de)
CH (1) CH496118A (de)
DE (2) DE6601849U (de)
ES (1) ES355356A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1559605A (de)
GB (1) GB1194506A (de)
LU (1) LU56314A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6808418A (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591955A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-07-13 Nippon Rayon Kk Process for producing a slub yarn
US3710461A (en) * 1970-11-23 1973-01-16 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for intermittently texturing yarn
US3756005A (en) * 1972-03-24 1973-09-04 Chavanoz Sa Process and apparatus for forming novelty effect yarns
US3812668A (en) * 1972-06-05 1974-05-28 Ici Ltd Processes for the manufacture of slub effect yarns
US3823541A (en) * 1970-10-22 1974-07-16 Rhodiaceta Effect voluminous yarn
US3854313A (en) * 1972-01-11 1974-12-17 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of slub yarns
US3889327A (en) * 1972-05-26 1975-06-17 Rhone Poulenc Textile Method for interlacing strands of a textile yarn
US3999366A (en) * 1972-01-11 1976-12-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Slub yarns obtained from blowing and sucking process
US4010523A (en) * 1974-07-27 1977-03-08 Akzona Incorporated Process for the production of a novelty yarn
US4155216A (en) * 1976-09-13 1979-05-22 Akzona, Incorporated Production of novelty yarns
US4212152A (en) * 1978-04-14 1980-07-15 Burlington Industries, Inc. Yarn blending with air attachment on coning machine
US4311000A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-01-19 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4453297A (en) * 1979-08-29 1984-06-12 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4467594A (en) * 1981-03-05 1984-08-28 Milliken Research Corporation Spun-like textured yarn
USRE31808E (en) * 1979-08-29 1985-01-22 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4571793A (en) * 1983-03-02 1986-02-25 Enterprise Machine And Development Corp. Air jet texturing system for the production of uniform textured yarn
US4736578A (en) * 1985-04-23 1988-04-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for forming a slub yarn

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CS209614B1 (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-12-31 Miloslav Pavek Nozzle for shaping the threaded formation
DE19703572C2 (de) * 1997-01-31 2000-02-17 Heberlein Fasertech Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Verwirbelungsknoten

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB871799A (en) * 1957-05-31 1961-06-28 British Celanese Improvements in or relating to the production of voluminous yarn
US3113413A (en) * 1959-06-08 1963-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3118269A (en) * 1964-01-21 Method and apparatus for producing a novelty bulked yarn
US3144747A (en) * 1959-05-05 1964-08-18 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing a composite novelty slub yarn
US3222859A (en) * 1960-04-27 1965-12-14 Rhodiaceta Crimping of yarns based on thermoplastic polymers
US3253396A (en) * 1959-06-01 1966-05-31 Beaunit Corp Method and apparatus for making textured yarn and product
US3262177A (en) * 1961-11-01 1966-07-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing novelty bulked yarn
US3296785A (en) * 1964-07-30 1967-01-10 Du Pont Production of interlaced plied yarn from slub yarn and carrier yarn by means of fluid jets

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3118269A (en) * 1964-01-21 Method and apparatus for producing a novelty bulked yarn
GB871799A (en) * 1957-05-31 1961-06-28 British Celanese Improvements in or relating to the production of voluminous yarn
US3144747A (en) * 1959-05-05 1964-08-18 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing a composite novelty slub yarn
US3253396A (en) * 1959-06-01 1966-05-31 Beaunit Corp Method and apparatus for making textured yarn and product
US3113413A (en) * 1959-06-08 1963-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus and method for producing volumized slub yarn
US3222859A (en) * 1960-04-27 1965-12-14 Rhodiaceta Crimping of yarns based on thermoplastic polymers
US3262177A (en) * 1961-11-01 1966-07-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing novelty bulked yarn
US3296785A (en) * 1964-07-30 1967-01-10 Du Pont Production of interlaced plied yarn from slub yarn and carrier yarn by means of fluid jets

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591955A (en) * 1968-06-27 1971-07-13 Nippon Rayon Kk Process for producing a slub yarn
US3823541A (en) * 1970-10-22 1974-07-16 Rhodiaceta Effect voluminous yarn
US3710461A (en) * 1970-11-23 1973-01-16 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for intermittently texturing yarn
US3854313A (en) * 1972-01-11 1974-12-17 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of slub yarns
US3999366A (en) * 1972-01-11 1976-12-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Slub yarns obtained from blowing and sucking process
US3756005A (en) * 1972-03-24 1973-09-04 Chavanoz Sa Process and apparatus for forming novelty effect yarns
US3889327A (en) * 1972-05-26 1975-06-17 Rhone Poulenc Textile Method for interlacing strands of a textile yarn
US3812668A (en) * 1972-06-05 1974-05-28 Ici Ltd Processes for the manufacture of slub effect yarns
US4010523A (en) * 1974-07-27 1977-03-08 Akzona Incorporated Process for the production of a novelty yarn
US4155216A (en) * 1976-09-13 1979-05-22 Akzona, Incorporated Production of novelty yarns
US4159619A (en) * 1976-09-13 1979-07-03 Akzona Incorporated Method for producing novelty yarns
US4212152A (en) * 1978-04-14 1980-07-15 Burlington Industries, Inc. Yarn blending with air attachment on coning machine
US4311000A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-01-19 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4453297A (en) * 1979-08-29 1984-06-12 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
USRE31808E (en) * 1979-08-29 1985-01-22 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4467594A (en) * 1981-03-05 1984-08-28 Milliken Research Corporation Spun-like textured yarn
US4571793A (en) * 1983-03-02 1986-02-25 Enterprise Machine And Development Corp. Air jet texturing system for the production of uniform textured yarn
US4736578A (en) * 1985-04-23 1988-04-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for forming a slub yarn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1194506A (en) 1970-06-10
DE6601849U (de) 1969-03-27
ES355356A1 (es) 1969-12-16
NL6808418A (de) 1968-12-23
BE717002A (de) 1968-12-23
FR1559605A (de) 1969-03-14
DE1760696A1 (de) 1972-03-02
CH496118A (fr) 1970-09-15
LU56314A1 (de) 1969-04-25

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