US3508389A

US3508389A - Process and apparatus for producing novelty yarns

Info

Publication number: US3508389A
Application number: US756850A
Authority: US
Inventors: Remy Chatin
Original assignee: Moulinage et Retorderie de Chavanoz SA
Current assignee: Moulinage et Retorderie de Chavanoz SA
Priority date: 1967-07-20
Filing date: 1968-09-03
Publication date: 1970-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 1987-04-28
Also published as: ES356191A1; FR95049E; DE1760927A1; GB1198948A; BE715837A

Description

R. CHATIN April 28, 1970 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NOVELTY YARNS .4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 5, 1968 INVENTOR REMY CHATIN BY M ATTORNEYS April 28, 1970 v R. CHATIN 3,503,339

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NOVELTY YARNS Filed Sept. 5, 1968 .4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENT OR REMY CHATIN- April 28, 1970 R. CHATIN 3,508,389

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING NOVELTY YARNS Filed Sept. 5, 1968 .4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR REMY CHAT] N BY i W ATTORNEYS April 28, 1970 R. CHATIN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR. PRODUCING NOVELTY YARNS Filed Sept. :3, 1968 .4 Sheets-Sheet 4 mvsmon REMY CHATIN FIG. 4

W MW

ATTORNEYS United States Patent Office 3,508,389 Patented Apr. 28, 1970 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An improved process and apparatus for producing novelty yarns, i.e. of the boucl, undulated or knop type wherein a false twist is applied to an assembly of a core yarn and an effect yarn overfed relatively to the core yarn with subsequent binding with a binder yarn before disappearance of the false twist, the improvement compris ing binding said assembly of core yarn and effect yarn with the binder yarn at the moment of locking of the false twist.

The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing novelty yarns; more particularly, the present invention is directed to a novel process and apparatus for producing novelty yarns, i.e. of the boucl, undulatedor knop type for example through assembly of a core yarn and an effect yarn by false twisting, with subsequent binding of the assembly with a binder yarn.

A process for the production of nove ty yarns, e.g. of the boucl, undulated or knop type for example, is shown in French Patent 1,493,577, such process being one wherein a false twist is applied to an assembly of a core yarn and an effect yarn overfed relatively to the core yarn, the false twisted assembly of core yarn and effect yarn being subsequently bound by a binder yarn prior to disappearance of the false twist.

Such process, however, as well as all other conventional processes for producing novelty yarns such as boucl, undulated and knop yarns require operation in at least two stages. The first stage generally comprises the assembly of the core and effect yarn, while the second stage comprises the fixation of the loops or other variations with the binder yarn. The necessity of having such two distinct stages comprising two distinct operations such as illustrated in French Patent 1,493,577 is disadvantageous from an economic standpoint. Accordingly, it is desirous to eliminate such use of at least two stages and at least two distinct mechanical operations in a manner as to eliminate the inherent deficiencies and disadvantages of such previously employed processes.

Thus, because in these two separate and distinct operations the twists are independent and can be varied, any previous attempt to eliminate the deficiencies of the prior art has involved the employment of control devices which are rather complex, especially where it has been desired to avoid irregularities of operation in the course of the manufacturing of the novelty yarn.

In accordance with the present invention, however, it has now been discovered for the first time that the inherent deficiencies and disadvantages of prior art processes for the production of novelty yarns of the boucl, undulated and knop type can be eliminated in a simple and efficient manner. Thus in accordance with the process and apparatus of the present invention, it has been discovered that the inherent deficiencies and disadvantages of prior art processes can be eliminated through the improvement associated with the binding of the assembly of core yarn and effect yarn with the binder yarn in the production of novelty yarns at the moment of locking of the false twist.

Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a novel process and apparatus for the production of novelty yarns, which process and apparatus has eliminated for the first time theinherent deficiencies and disadvantages of previously employed processes.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel process and apparatus for the production of novelty yarns, e.g. yarns of the boucl, undulated or knop type wherein the disadvantage previously associated with the use of a two stage process involving two separate and distinct physical operations has been overcome.

Yet, a further object of the present invention comprises a novel process and apparatus for the production of novelty yarns of the boucl, undulated or knop type characterized in the improvement associated with binding the assembly of core yarn and effect yarn with a binder yarn at the moment of locking of the false twist, i.e. simultaneously with locking of the false twist.

These and other objects and advantages of the process and apparatus of the present invention will become more apparent from the following more detailed description thereof and in connection with the drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the method and apparatus employed in accordance with the present invention;

FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic representation of amodification of such process and apparatus comprising the irregular distribution of effect yarn or core yarn;

FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the process and apparatus illustrating an overfeed mechanism with variable excess delivery; and

FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a further embodiment of the present invention utilizing a conventional spindle, i.e. double twist spindle.

As indicate above, the inherent deficiencies and disadvantages of previously employed processes for producing novelty yarns such as boucl, undulated and knop type yarns has been eliminated in accordance with the process and apparatus of the present invention wherein such process is characterized by the improvement of binding the assembly of core yarn and effect yarn at the moment of locking of the false twist. Thus, the process of the present invention comprises a new single-stage process for the manufacture of novelty yarns wherein a false twist assembly of a core yarn and an effect yarn supplied in excess with respect to the core yarn is subsequently bound with a binder yarn before disappearance of the false twist. As indicated above, the process of the present invention comprises an improvement in such conventional process for the production of novelty yarns, such improvement residing in the binding of the assembly of core yarn and effect yarn with the binder yarn at the moment of locking of the false twist.

In accordance with the present invention, the locking of false twist can occur only once or several times, this being merely a matter of choice dependent somewhat on the type of novelty yarn to be produced. By locking or locking of the false twist is meant the operation which consists in reversing by some means the direction of the false twist so as to cause a twist upstream from the lock point and an untwisting downstream from the lock point. Again, as indicated previously, the locking of the false twist in accordance with the present invention can occur once or several times depending on the novelty yarn and effect desired. Again, the improvement associated with the process and apparatus of the present invention comprises the binding of the core yarn and effect yarn assembly at the moment of locking of the false twist.

As indicated previously, the process of the present invention comprises an improvement in that process for the production of novelty yarns wherein an effect yarn is overfed relatively to the core yarn in the formation of the assembly false twisted and bound at the time of the locking of the false twist. Depending upon the type of yarn which one desires to prepare, the overfeed of effect yarn can vary within wide limits. Generally, however, the effect yarn is fed to the apparatus so as to be present based upon the core yarn in an excess of from 10% to 300%. In practice, where the overfeed rate of effect yarn is defined as the product x100 of the ratio of the linear excess speed of supply of the effect yarn to the rate of supply of the core yarn, it is preferred when producing an undulated yarn to supply the effect yarn of the core yarn-effect yarn assembly at a rate of overfeed of less than 40%, more preferably on the order of 10% excess. To obtain a boucl yarn, the rate of overfeed of effect yarn should be at least 40%, the optimum value of over- Eeed effect yarn being supplied to obtain the boucl yarn being readily determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art as a function of the operating conditions and the desired results. Again, it is generally applicable in producing novelty yarns such as boucl yarn, undulated yarns and knop yarns to supply the effect yarn at overfeed rate relatively to the core yarn of l300% In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention the binding produced by the binder yarn can also be effected by the false twist. Thus, in accordance with this embodiment, all of the lengths of the novelty yarn that ire produced retain their initial twist in the finished product.

Similarly, depending upon the effect that is desired in :he production of the novelty yarn the overfeed rate of :he effect yarn can be variable or not variable. Thus for :xample, it is sometimes advantageous for particular effects to vary the overfeed rate of the effect yarn. For eximple, it may be desirable to vary the overfeed rate from 1 value below 50% to a value above 50%. Likewise, :he binder yarn itself can be supplied regularly or irfegularly and under certain circumstances can be supplied n excess.

In a like manner, the effect yarn that is employed in the :ore yarn-effect yarn assembly can be regularly or ir- 'egularly distributed on the core yarn. This is particularly me where a knop yarn is desired. The regular distribution )f the effect yarn on the core yarn where desired for )articular purposes can be most advantageously effected Jy the motion of free oscillation of the effect yarn in a lirection perpendicular to the direction of advance of the :ore yarn. Again, it is pointed out that all of these latter nodifications of the basic, improved single-stage process )f the present invention predicated on an improvement n the basic process for producing novelty yarns of the )oucl, undulated and knop type by effecting a binding of l false twisted core yarn-effect yarn assembly at the time )f the unlocking of the false twist.

It is quite obvious that the present invention predicated )n the improvement noted above is not dependent upon he use of any particular fiber or yarn material. Thus, he yarns employed in the process and in connection with he apparatus of the present invention may be any natural, trtificial or synthetic material. Thus, as examples, the arns employed in accordance with the process of the )resent invention can comprise wool, cotton, cellulose tcetate and similar yarns, synthetic polyamide and poly- :ster yarns as well as mixtures of these with any and all trtificial or natural yarns generally employed in the iI'OdllCiiOIl of novelty yarns.

Broadly, the apparatus employed in accordance with he present invention comprises a feed mechanism for at east two yarns with means to provide overfeed rate of me of the yarns, i.e. the effect yarn relative to the other, .e. the core yarn, such apparatus is characterized in that t contains a false twist element comprising a turning tube that bears a support for the binder yarn, such support for the binder yarn being associated with a twist locking element furnished at the twist locking point of a yarn guide. This yarn guide element can comprise any suitable and conventional means such as a traveller or eye. Of course, other equivalent means generally employed in the production of novelty yarns can be utilized for the yarn guide element in accordance with the apparatus of the present invention. The turning tube comprising the false twist element employed in accordance with the apparatus of the present invention preferably is a hollow spindle such as that conventionally employed in mills producing novelty yarns. Such hollow spindle can be surmounted by a guide element furnished with an eye mounted in free rotation at the top of the hollow spindle or associated with the traveller of a fixed ring disposed around the spindle.

If in accordance with the further embodiment of the present invention the binder yarn is also given a false twist, it is advantageous that the two false twisting adjoining operations for core yarn or effect yarn on the one hand, and core and effect yarns with binder yarn on the other, occur simultaneously. In such a case, an apparatus is employed wherein the support for the binder yarn is substantially fixed with the twist lock element being furnished at the point of locking of a yarn guide rigidly connected to the turning tube.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, the false twist element or device can comprise a double twist type spindle. Such a double twist type spindle as embodied by French Patent 1,300,575 presents at its downstream part an extension of the axial passage of the spindle, a false twise tip rigidly connected to the rotary element of the spindle. It receives in addition to a yarn that is axially drawn from the fixed bobbin mounted on the stator of the double twist spindle, an assembly deriving from distinct fixed supports for the spindle, the spindle being associated with at least one yarn guide disposed axially upstream of the spindle, causing formation of a balloon by the assembly when the rotor of the spindle turns. Again, such a double twist type spindle which can be employed in accordance with the apparatus of the present invention as a further embodiment of the present invention is a conventional yarn producing element such as described in French Patent 1,300,575.

The device or element comprising the feed mechanism for at least two yarns can comprise any conventional suitable means, such as a deliverer. In the case of variable overfeed, such an element or device can comprise for example, a mechanism with electrical clutch control, or with mechanical control programmed for variation of speed.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, a simple means for the irregular distribution of the yarn comprises two rolls with controlled delivery rate, the axes of rotation of such rolls being staggered with reference to the path of the core yarn so as to distribute the effect yarn in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the direction of advance of the core yarn. In accordance with this particular embodiment of the present invention, an additional means is provided comprising a movable finger driven in a reciprocating motion, such finger being disposed in the path of the effect yarn downstream 'of the driven rolls and upstream of the point of junction of the core yarn and effect yarn. Such movable finger driven in a reciprocating motion exerts an intermittent drawing action on the effect yarn, such drawing action or force being advantageously exerted substantially perpendicular to the direction of advance of the effect yarn.

In accordance wtih a still further modification of this embodiment of the present invention, the rate of rotation of the driven feed rolls for the effect yarn can be variable and, in addition, such rolls can even halt momentarily. Of course, again, it is emphasized that all of such modifications and various embodiments of both the process and apparatus of the present invention can be easily selected where novelty yarns of a particular type are desired for particular purposes.

With respect to the drawings, wherein like numerals represent like elements.

FIGURE 1 diagrammatically illustrates the process and apparatus of the present invention.

According to an embodiment shOWn in FIGURE 1, a core yarn 1 is fed into a false twist device simultaneously with an effect yarn 2 by means of a delivery mechanism, not shown, of known conventional type, causing overfeed of the effect yarn relative to the core yarn.

The false twist device comprises a hollow spindle 3 with a control whorl 4 topped by a guide member 5 mounted in free rotation on the spindle head and having an eye 6.

The two yarns, core yarn 1 and effect yarn 2 are assembled by false twist, by passage through hollow spindle 3, then through the eye of guide member 5 where the false twist is locked by the action of a binder yarn 7 coming from a bobbin 8 carried by hollow spindle 3.

The novelty yarn then passes into guide loop 9 before being wound on any known conventional device, not illustrated.

As shown in FIGURE 2, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the effect yarn 2 is distributed irregularly on the core yarn 1 by means of two driven rolls 10 and 11 which deliver the effect yarn 2 substantially perpendicularly to the direction of advance of the core yarn 1. The effect yarn 2 accumulates then on the core yarn 1, executing a longitudinal oscillating movement on the core yarn 1.

According to a special modification of this embodiment, a finger 12 disposed between rolls 10 and 11 and the meeting point of effect yarn 2 and core yarn 1 or any other equivalent location impresses upon the effect yarn 2 an oscillating motion upstream of the core yarn 1.

In accordance with still another modification, rolls 10 and 11 can be driven at varying r.p.m., the revolutions even being subject to a complete halt.

Such means can obviously be combined wtih means that produce a variable overfeed for the effect yarn 2, as shown in FIGURE 3.

As formerly, the apparatus generally comprises a hollow spindle 3 driven by a motor 13 by means of a driven whorl 4.

The spindle 3 supports a bobbin 8 on which a binder yarn 7 is wound, and it is topped at its downstream end by a guide member 5 providing two eyes 6.

The means for varying the rate of overfeed of the effect yarn 2 comprise two drive rolls 14 and 15 mounted on a shaft that is rigidly joined to a counter plate 16 on which two

clutch plates

17 and 18 are applied.

Plates

17 and 18 receive their motion from two speed changers 19 and 20 and from

gears

21 and 22 and

chains

23 and 24. These means of variation comprise a programmer 25 of known type that acts by means of two

sweeping elements

26 and 27.

This device allows irregular and controlled overfeed of an effect yarn 2 that passes through the hollow spindle 4 at the same time as a core yarn 1. The two yarns, core 1 and effect 2, then pass through eye 6 where they are bound by the yarn 7. The product then passes through guide loop 9 before being received on a winding system, not illustrated.

In the above embodiments, the apparatus comprises a hollow spindle associated with a guide but other equivalent means can be utilized, such as a fixed ring presenting a traveller, or even an assembly spindle of the double twist type as described in French Patent 1,300,575 as i1- lustrated in FIGURE 4.

In this case, a core yarn 1 is drawn with rather strong tension at overfeed of a bobbin 34, passing over a tensioning device 35. It then is combined with an effect yarn 2 supplied in excess by a set of driven

rolls

37 and 38, passing through an eye 36. The feed means for the effect yarn, not illustrated, is of any known type.

The assembly formed by the core yarn 1 and the effect yarn 2 passes over a bar 40 which is rigidly connected with a turning plate 39. The assembly is bound with a binder yarn 7 in a false twist device comprising a hollow tube 41 which bears a yarn deflector 42 and yarn guides 43 and 44. The binder yarn 7 is drawn from a bobbin 45 mounted on stationary bobbin holder 46, which is immobilized by

magnets

47 and 48. The bobbin holder 46 presents an axial passage 49 for binder yarn 7.

The product is then withdrawn via hollow shaft 50- of tube 41 and then wound on a bobbin 51.

The process of the present invention employing the apparatus of the present invention will now be described by reference to the following specific examples. It is to be understood that such examples are presented for purposes of illustration only, and the present invention is in no way to be deemed as limited thereto.

EXAMPLE I With the device shown in FIGURE 1, a boucl yarn was prepared by the combination of a polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn (polyamide 6 6) 44 d. tex. (40 denier), 13 filaments, presenting, a Z twist of 20 turns to the meter (t./m.), with a cellulose acetate yarn tex. (150 denier), 13 filaments, presenting a Z twist of 100 t./m., overfed by 50% excess. Binding was effected by a 6 6 polyamide binder yarn (44 d. tex./40 denier/13 filaments) with a 20 t./m. Z twist.

The take up rate was 6 m./min. The spindle turned at 6000 r.p.m. (t./min.) which corresponds to 1000 false twist turns to the meter. Since the spindle was rotated clockwise, the false twist produced was an S twist and the twist of the assembled yarns with the binder yarn was a Z twist. The product produced had small, regularly spaced loops.

EXAMPLE II Example I was repeated except that the overfeed of the effect yarn was only 15%, thereby producing undulated yarn instead of a boucl since the excess feed of the effect yarn was insufficient to completely close the loops so they appear as undulations on the finished yarn.

The yams obtained by Examples I and II above do not present true twist between the effect yarn and the core yarn, since the false twist is determined solely by the rotation of the twist locking element. This rotation is imposed by that of the spindle and is transmitted to the movable twist locking element by the binder yarn. This implies that the false twist between the core yarn and effect yarn has the same absolute value as a twist that exists between such core and effect yarn and the binder yarn. From the above, it follows that the final twist of the novelty yarn is that imparted by the binding operation. Accordingly, the final twist of the yarn is easy to control and does not require control of various independent parameters. This fact further allows a locking of the loops as in a boucl yarn or undulations as in an undulated yarn, that is sufficiently effective as to allow the manufacture of novelty yarns with core and/or effect yarns of synthetic material.

EXAMPLE III With use of the device shown schematically in FIG-' URE 2, a knop yarn was made by combining a polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn (polyarnide 6 6) 44 d. tex. (40 denier) 13 filaments, presenting a 2-0 t./m. Z twist, with a 200 d. tex. denier) 13 filaments cellulose acetate yarn presenting a 100 t./m. Z twist overfed by 70% excess. The assembled yarns are bound with a polyamide 6 6 binder yarn, 44 d. tex. (40 denier) 13 filaments Z twist with 20 turns to the meter.

The winding speed is 6 meters/minute. The spindle turned at 6000 r.p.m.

The product appeared with regularly spaced knops.

EXAMPLE IV Using a device shown schematically in FIGURE 3, a novelty yarn was produced by combining a polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn (polyamide 6 6) 44 d. (40 denier) 13 filaments, presenting a 20 t./m. Z twist and a cellulose acetate yarn 165 d. tex. (150 denier) 13 filaments, presenting a 100 t./m. Z twist, such being supplied in excess with continuous periodic variations of the rate of overfeed supply ranging from 20% to 60% relative to the core yarn.

The take up rate is 6 m./min. The spindle rotated at 6000 r.p.m.

The product appeared with zones of continuous passage from the undulated effect to the boucl (looped) effect.

EXAMPLE V Example IV was repeated except the variations of the rate of overfeed were irregular. The yarn produced had very distinct zones of transition between the undulated and boucl (looped) effects.

EXAMPLE VI Using the device illustrated in FIGURE 4, a boucl yarn was produced by combining a polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn (polyamide 6- 6) 44 d. tex. (40 denier) 13 filaments, presenting a 20 t./m. twist, with a cellulose acetate yarn 110 d. tex. (100 denier) 32 filaments, presenting a 100 t./m. S twist, overfed by 70%. Binding was effected with a binder yarn of polyamide 6 6, 44 d. tex. (4O denier) 13 filaments, With 20 t./m. Z twist. The rate of feed of the effect yarn was 6 m./min, and that of the receiving spool 3.50 m./min. The spindle turned at a rate of 5,150 r.p.m.

The product had small regularly spaced loops. Moreover, the initial twist of the various constituent yarns was retained in it.

From the above examples, it is obvious that the improved process and apparatus of the present invention allow for the production of great variety of novelty yarns, such as boucl, undulated or knop yarns and various modifications thereof in a single stage operation thus providing great economic value. In addition, it can be seen from the above that at a very slight cost various modifications of the process and apparatus of the present invention can be made which modifications allow for the production of novelty yarns of greatly varying construction. This, of course, is greatly advantageous from an industrial standpoint since it allows for the production of a great number of different novelty yarns at a low cost in a single manufacturing operation.

While the present invention has been described primarily with respect to the drawings and specific exemplirfications, it is to be understood that the present invention is in no way to be deemed as limited thereto, but must be construed as broadly as all or any equivalents thereof.

I claim:

1. In a process for producing novelty yarns wherein a false twist assembly of a core yarn and an effect yarn supplied in excess with respect to said core yarn is subsequently bound with a binder yarn before disappearance of the false twist, the improvement which comprises binding said assembly with said binder yarn simultaneous with locking of the false twist.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein said binder yarn is additionally subjected to a false twist.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein said effect yarn is overfed relative to said core yarn at a variation on the rate of excess.

4. The process of claim 3 wherein said effect yarn is overfed relative to said core yarn at a variation on the rate of overfeed from below 50% to above 50%.

5.The process of claim 3 wherein said variation in the rate of overfeed is continuous.

6. The process of claim 4 wherein said variation in the rate of overfeed is intermittent.

7; The process of claim 1 wherein said effect yarn is irregularly distributed on said core yarn.

8. The process of claim 7 wherein the irregular distribution of said effect yarn on said core yarn is due to the motion of free oscillation of the effect yarn in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of advance of the core yarn.

9. The process of claim 1 wherein said effect yarn is overfed by 10% to 300% relative to said core yarn.

10. Apparatus for the manufacture of novelty yarns comprising in combination, feed means to supply an assembly of at least two yarns, one in excess with respect to the other, a false twist means to provide a false twist to said assembly, said false twist means bearing means to support a binder yarn, a yarn guide means atop said false twist element, and a twist locking means located at the twist locking point of said yarn guide.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said false twist means comprises a turning tube.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said twist locking means is rigidly joined to said turning tube and said binder yarn support. means is substantially stationary.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said apparatus additionally contains means for varying the excess feed of the effect yarn or binder yarn.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said means for varying the overfeed on the effect yarn or binder yarn comprises an electric clutching system.

15. The apparatus of claim 11 further containing means for the irregular distribution of the effect yarn in said assembly.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,874,502 8/1932 Green 57-12 2,131,893 10/1938 Jessen 57-160 XR 3,382,655 5/1968 Wasserman 57-16 3,439,484 4/1969 Nalpas et al. 57-16 3,445,994 5/ 1969 Nalpas 57-12 FOREIGN PATENTS 895,678 1/1945 France. 531,319 8/1955 Italy.

DONALD E. WATKINS, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 57-160