US3516024A - Interdigitated strip line coupler - Google Patents

Interdigitated strip line coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3516024A
US3516024A US787784A US3516024DA US3516024A US 3516024 A US3516024 A US 3516024A US 787784 A US787784 A US 787784A US 3516024D A US3516024D A US 3516024DA US 3516024 A US3516024 A US 3516024A
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coupler
port
interdigitated
strip line
line
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US787784A
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Julius Lange
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Texas Instruments Inc
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Texas Instruments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/185—Edge coupled lines
    • H01P5/186—Lange couplers

Definitions

  • An interdigitated coupler is fabricated from several strip line sections with alternate sections interconnected by crossover wires.
  • the interdigitated strip line sections are arranged such that each section is on the order of a quarter wavelength long.
  • This invention relates to directional couplers and more particularly to' an interdigitated quadrature strip line coupler.
  • a directional quadrature coupler is a four port microwave junction with properties such that a wave incident in port one couples power into ports two and three, but not into port four. Similarly, power incident in port four couples into ports two and three but not into port one. Thus, ports one and four are uncoupled. A wave incident in port two or three couples power into ports one and four only, thus ports two and three are also uncoupled. If three of the four ports are terminated in matched loads, the fourth port appears terminated in a matched load, and an incident wave in this port will not be reflected.
  • directional couplers are used to divide the power between two amplifiers to reduce the terminal voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and increase circuit design flexibility.
  • a coupler should be lossless with exactly 3-db power division across the band.
  • a low loss, low VSWR 3-db strip line coupler has been difficult to achieve due to line spacing and fabrication tolerances.
  • Both the branch line coupler and the non-interdigitated edge-coupled coupler are among those which are diflicult to fabricate due to the tolerance requirements.
  • branch line couplers are not capable of simultaneously meeting the VSWR and bandwidth objectives of most coupling requirements within a reasonable number of sections.
  • the tandem coupler also has severe limitations and, in addition, is rather large dimensionally. In addition, both these configurations have a narrow bandwidth and require a much larger substrate than singlesectioned coupled line couplers.
  • Tight coupling in directional couplers for microwave integrated circuits has also been achieved by means of broadside coupling and re-entrant sections. Both these configurations, however, require multilayer circuitry,
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a low loss quadrature coupler. Another object of this invention is to provide a wide bandwidth quadrature coupler. Still another object of this invention is to provide a quadrature coupler having reasonable fabrication tolerances. A further object of this invention is to provide a quadrature coupler having interdigitated strip line sections.
  • strip line sections are formed on a substrate in an interdigitated pattern. Alternate line sections are tied together by jumper wires bonded thereto. The effective length of each line section is on the order of a quarter wavelength at the bandwidth center frequency.
  • the design of the input ports is symmetrical with the interdigitated line sections, thus improving the coupling characterstics.
  • ports one and three of an interdigitated 3-db coupler are formed integral with individual line sections. These sections are interconnected by multiple bonding wires to reduce parasitic inductance. Ports two and four are interconnected by a single quarter wavelength section and formed integral with a line section one-half a quarter wavelength long. Multiple bonding wires interconnect the short line sections to the quarter wavelength section between ports two and four.
  • the line sections are fabricated in an interdigitated pattern by a vapor deposition process.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an amplifier employing quadrature couplers at the input and output;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical single amplification stage for the amplifier of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of a three section cascade directional coupler of the type found in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of an interdigitated quadrature coupler in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plot of transmission magnitude in db versus frequency in gigahertz for the coupler of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate embodiment of an interdigitated coupler in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated a complete amplifier consisting of two 3-db quadrature couplers and two gain modules.
  • An input coupler having four ports has port one connected to an input terminal 12, port four connected to ground through a resistor 1-4, and ports two and three coupled to gain modules 16 and 18, respectively.
  • An output coupler 20 also having four ports has ports two and three connected to the output of the gain modules 16 and 18, respectively, port one connected to ground through a resistor 22, and port four connected to an output terminal 24.
  • the gain modules may employ three or four stages of amplification to meet the desired amplifier objectives.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown schematically an amplifier stage of the type employed in the gain modules 16 and 18.
  • An input terminal 26 connects to a port of the input coupler 10 or to a preceding amplification stage.
  • a coupling capacitor 28 connects the input terminal to the base electrode of a transistor 30 which is also connected to a bias choke 32.
  • the choke 32 is connected to ground through a capacitor 34 and to a source of direct current (not shown) connected to the terminal 36.
  • Transistor 30 also includes an emitter electrode connected to a source of direct current (not shown) at terminal 38 through a resistor '40.
  • the emitter electrode of the transistor 30 also connects to ground through a capacitor 42.
  • the output circuit of the amplifier includes an L-section trans former 44 connected to the collector electrode of the transistor 30 and to a capacitor 46. Transformer 44, in addition to connecting to the output terminal 48, also connects to a bias choke 50.
  • each amplifier stage of the gain modules .16 and '18 will be fabricated by means of strip line techniques.
  • the chokes 32 and 50 are meandered lines in strip line configuration, each a quarter wavelength long at the bandwidth center frequency.
  • the transistor 30 may be fabricated on a chip and inserted into the strip line circuitry.
  • the coupler of FIG. 3 includes two outer sections 52 and 54 forming a region of loose coupling each one quarter wavelength long. Typically, the two outer sections 52 and 54 have 17.2-db coupling, which can be realized with edge coupled lines 8 mils wide spaced 16 mils apart on a 20 mil ceramic substrate. If the two outer sections have a 17.2-db coupling, then a center section 56 requires 1.76 db coupling to produce an overall 3-db coupler.
  • the tight coupled center section 56 is again one quarter wavelength long. As illustrated, the section '56 has two spaced lines for edge coupling. The width and spacing of such lines is difiicult to calculate and almost impossible to build. In an attempt to use couplers of the type illustrated in FIG. 3, broadside coupling has been considered for the section 56. However, severe problems are encountered in trying to keep the lines overlapped for the complete quarter wavelength, and depositing the very thin ceramic for the line spacing.
  • a first line section 58 terminates at a port 60 (port one) and a second line section 62 terminates at a port 64 (port three). Ports one and three are thus similar and symmetrical.
  • a third line section 66 terminates at one end at a port 68 (port two) and at the other end at port 70 (port four). Ports 68 and 70 are also formed integral with line sections 72 and 74, respectively, which are half as long as the section 66.
  • the ports 68 and 70 are symmetrical, and the entire coupler is symmetrical. Symmetry in a coupler of the type illustrated improves the coupling efficiency by lowering losses.
  • Line sections 58, 62, 66, 72, and 74 form an interdigitated pattern. Alternate line sections are interconnected by crossover wires. Thus, section 58 is connected to section 62 by means of a group of three crossover wires 76 at port 60 and a group of three crossover wires 78 at port 64. Line section 66 connects to the line section 72 by a group of three crossover wires 80 and to the line section 74 by means of a group of three crossover wires 82. Multiple bonding wires for the crossovers are more easily implemented than single crossover wires and reduce the parasitic inductance associated with the bonding wires.
  • One model of the coupler shown in FIG. 4 was fabricated on a 42-mil thick substrate of alumina (A1 with a ground plane covering one surface.
  • the unglazed alumina was placed in a vacuum chamber and a thin gold film deposited on the side opposite the ground plane.
  • a first mask was formed over the thin gold film to outline the strip line sections.
  • the unwanted film was then removed by etching and a second mask formed on the substrate defining a strip line section and the port areas.
  • Gold was then plated over the exposed gold film areas through the second mask to a desired thickness.
  • the strip line sections are 4.5 mils wide and spaced 3 mils apart. It should be understood that the interdigitated coupler of the present invention is applicable to circuits with two ground planes with either one or two layers of dielectric.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a plot of transmission magnitude in db versus frequency in gHz. for the model described above.
  • power was transmitted to port three with an attenuation of about 3-db as shown by the curve 86.
  • power was transmitted to port two with an attenuation of about 3.5-db, as indicated by curve 88. Both these curves are for a frequency range of from 2 gHz. to 4 gHz.
  • the curve 90 which is approximately 30 db down. It should be noted that the curves of FIG. are not intended to indicate the peak performance of the coupler of FIG. 4. These curves were plotted from data taken from laboratory experiments.
  • Table 1 there is shown the complete response of an interdigitated 3-db coupler of the present invention between 2.0 gHz. and 4.0 gHz.
  • Table 1 also lists insertion loss and output imbalance. Again, this data is not intended to imply peak performance, but rather represents data obtained from laboratory experiments.
  • Strip lines 92 and 94 are formed integral with port 96 (port three). These strip lines are connected to port 98 (port two) by means of a crossover wire 100 bonded to the strip lines and the port.
  • a strip line 102 is formed integral with the port 104 (port four) and port 106 (port one).
  • the port 104 is also formed integral with a strip line 108 interdigitated with the strip lines 92 and 94 and connected to the port 106 by means of a crossover wire 110.
  • the strip lines 92, 94, 102, and 108 are a quarter wavelength long at the bandwith center frequency.
  • a 3-db interdigitated quadrature coupler in the pattern of FIG. 6 was fabricated on a 40 mil thick substrate of alumina.
  • the design consists of four interdigitated strip lines, each 4.5 mils wide, spaced 3.0 mils apart. Tests run on a model show that losses were less than 0.25 db in the frequency range from 2 gHz. to 4 gHz. Isolation was 40 db at 2 gHz. falling smoothly to 21.5 db at 4 gHz.
  • the coupler of the present invention may also be used in impedance bridges for microwave measurements and power monitoring. For example, if a radar transmitter is connected to port one, the antenna to port two, a microwave detector to port three, and a matched load to port four, the power received in port three is proportional to the power flowing from the transmitter to the antenna in the forward direction only. Since the reflected wave from the antenna, if it exists, is not coupled into port three, the detector monitors the power output of the transmitter.
  • the coupler of the present invention may also be used as the coupling device for connecting a local oscillator to a mixer circuit.
  • some means must be provided for connecting the local oscillator signal to the mixer circuit.
  • a coaxial line or waveguide type coupler obviously can not be used in an application such as this because of the incompatibility of the coaxial line and waveguide design with the strip line design.
  • coupling devices of the type illustrated in FIG. 3 were larger than the mixer itself. With the coupler of the present invention, the benefit of small size is maintained.
  • a four-port quadrature coupler comprising:
  • each of the four ports of the coupler integral with at least one of said strip lines
  • each strip line has an effective length equal to a quarter wavelength of the bandwidth center frequency.
  • a quadrature coupler comprising:
  • each port of the coupler integral with at least one of said strip lines
  • crossover wires bonded to alternate strip lines for interconnection thereof in an interdigitated pattern.
  • each strip line has an effective length equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the bandwidth center frequency.
  • a quadrature coupler comprising:
  • a fourth strip line adhesively secured to said dielectric substrate in an interdigitated pattern with said three strip lines, a first section of said fourth strip line integral with port two of the coupler, and a second section of the fourth strip line integral with the port four of the coupler, and
  • each strip line has a width of 4.5 mils and spaced from each other in an interdigitated pattern by 3.0 mils.
  • each strip line has an effective length equal to a quarter wavelength of the bandwith center frequency.

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  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
US787784A 1968-12-30 1968-12-30 Interdigitated strip line coupler Expired - Lifetime US3516024A (en)

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US78778468A 1968-12-30 1968-12-30

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US (1) US3516024A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1964412C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2032301A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1276180A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL169938C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE353422B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3601716A (en) * 1969-12-24 1971-08-24 Ibm Stripline directional coupling device
US3605045A (en) * 1969-01-15 1971-09-14 Us Navy Wide-band strip line frequency-selective circuit
US3629733A (en) * 1970-06-08 1971-12-21 Adams Russel Co Inc High-directivity microstrip coupler having periodically indented conductors
US3798575A (en) * 1972-12-14 1974-03-19 Rca Corp Microwave transmission line and devices using multiple coplanar conductors
US4027254A (en) * 1975-02-11 1977-05-31 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Directional coupler having interdigital comb electrodes
US4211986A (en) * 1977-07-25 1980-07-08 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Strip line coupler having spaced ground plate for increased coupling characteristic
US4263559A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-04-21 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corp. N-way series connected quadrature power divider and combiner
US4305043A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-12-08 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Coupler having arbitrary impedance transformation ratio and arbitrary coubling ratio
US4313095A (en) * 1979-02-13 1982-01-26 Thomson-Csf Microwave circuit with coplanar conductor strips
US4398161A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Phase-shifting amplifier
US4458219A (en) * 1982-03-01 1984-07-03 Raytheon Company Variable phase shifter
US4531098A (en) * 1984-04-05 1985-07-23 Motorola, Inc. Wide dynamic range amplifier with second harmonic signal cancellation
US4599585A (en) * 1982-03-01 1986-07-08 Raytheon Company N-bit digitally controlled phase shifter
US4636754A (en) * 1984-10-31 1987-01-13 Rca Corporation High performance interdigitated coupler with additional jumper wire
US4638269A (en) * 1985-05-28 1987-01-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Wide band microwave analog phase shifter
US4668920A (en) * 1984-09-24 1987-05-26 Tektronix, Inc. Power divider/combiner circuit
EP0247542A1 (de) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Integrierter Mikrowellenschaltkreis
US4800345A (en) * 1988-02-09 1989-01-24 Pacific Monolithics Spiral hybrid coupler
US4937541A (en) * 1989-06-21 1990-06-26 Pacific Monolithics Loaded lange coupler
US5066924A (en) * 1991-02-25 1991-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pulse power amplifier
US5206611A (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-04-27 Krytar, Inc. N-way microwave power divider
WO1993016499A1 (en) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-19 Harris Corporation High frequency coupled transmission lines
US5291155A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-03-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Microwave buffer
AU668699B2 (en) * 1991-12-10 1996-05-16 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for making a joint between a main pipe and a branch pipe and apparatus for use in the method
US6046654A (en) * 1998-03-03 2000-04-04 Nortel Networks Corporation Quasi-gaussian filter
US6072376A (en) * 1996-08-22 2000-06-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Filter with low-noise amplifier
EP1014472A1 (de) * 1998-12-17 2000-06-28 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Richtkoppler
US20030132816A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-17 Powerwave Microstrip coupler
US6600384B2 (en) * 2001-05-18 2003-07-29 Endwave Corporation Impedance-compensating circuit
US6624722B2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2003-09-23 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Coplanar directional coupler for hybrid geometry
US6646504B2 (en) * 2001-08-17 2003-11-11 Harris Corporation Broadband amplifier system having improved linearity and minimum loss
US20040178847A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-16 Mitsubishi Electric And Electronics U.S.A., Inc. Method and system for monitoring a deliverable radio frequency power of an amplifier operable on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit
US20040263281A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 Podell Allen F. Coupler having an uncoupled section
US20050122186A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Podell Allen F. Phase inverter and coupler assembly
US20050146394A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-07-07 Werlatone, Inc. Coupler with edge and broadside coupled sections
US20060044073A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Stoneham Edward B Compensated interdigitated coupler
US20060066418A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2006-03-30 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US20080070519A1 (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-20 Renesas Technology Corp. Directional coupler and rf circuit module
US20090045888A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 M/A-Com Eurotec Bv Coupler
US20090189712A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Xin Jiang Spiral Coupler
US20100231322A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-16 International Business Machines Corporation On-chip millimeter wave lange coupler
CN101950840A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2011-01-19 浙江纺织服装职业技术学院 一种空气带状线电桥
EP2390954A1 (en) 2010-05-28 2011-11-30 Raytheon Company Microwave directional coupler
US9143366B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2015-09-22 The Aerospace Corporation Galvanic isolation interface for high-speed data link for spacecraft electronics, and method of using same
WO2017119948A1 (en) 2016-01-05 2017-07-13 Peregrine Semiconductor Corporation Reflection-based rf phase shifter
RU2693501C1 (ru) * 2018-10-03 2019-07-03 Акционерное общество "Микроволновые системы" Спиральный сверхширокополосный микрополосковый квадратурный направленный ответвитель
US20190253663A1 (en) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-15 Cable Vision Electronics Co., Ltd Cable television apparatus using coupled-line directional coupler implementing high pass filter function
US10840889B2 (en) 2016-01-05 2020-11-17 Psemi Corporation Low loss reflective passive phase shifter using time delay element with double resolution
CN115313008A (zh) * 2022-04-22 2022-11-08 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 一种基于多层pcb的小型化大功率电桥

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DE2112343C2 (de) * 1971-03-15 1984-01-12 Mayer, Helmut, 7778 Markdorf Standkonsole für Nabenheizkörper
DE2151478C2 (de) * 1971-10-15 1981-05-07 Kathrein-Werke Kg, 8200 Rosenheim Richtungskoppler
US5105171A (en) * 1991-04-29 1992-04-14 Hughes Aircraft Company Coplanar waveguide directional coupler and flip-clip microwave monolithic integrated circuit assembly incorporating the coupler
JP2000349550A (ja) * 1999-06-03 2000-12-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp マイクロ波及びミリ波回路
GB2380616A (en) * 2001-05-31 2003-04-09 Nokia Corp A signal combining device
GB2389715B (en) 2002-05-13 2004-12-08 Univ Cardiff Method of combining signals and device therefor
CN103700916A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-02 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 一种微带正交平面3dB电桥
RU2760761C1 (ru) * 2021-04-28 2021-11-30 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Полифер" Ответвитель Ланге

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US3162717A (en) * 1962-03-20 1964-12-22 Ibm Compact transmission line consisting of interleaved conductor strips and shield strips
US3332039A (en) * 1965-01-15 1967-07-18 Luis L Oh Three conductor coplanar serpentineline directional coupler

Cited By (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3605045A (en) * 1969-01-15 1971-09-14 Us Navy Wide-band strip line frequency-selective circuit
US3601716A (en) * 1969-12-24 1971-08-24 Ibm Stripline directional coupling device
US3629733A (en) * 1970-06-08 1971-12-21 Adams Russel Co Inc High-directivity microstrip coupler having periodically indented conductors
US3798575A (en) * 1972-12-14 1974-03-19 Rca Corp Microwave transmission line and devices using multiple coplanar conductors
US4027254A (en) * 1975-02-11 1977-05-31 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Directional coupler having interdigital comb electrodes
US4211986A (en) * 1977-07-25 1980-07-08 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Strip line coupler having spaced ground plate for increased coupling characteristic
US4263559A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-04-21 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corp. N-way series connected quadrature power divider and combiner
US4313095A (en) * 1979-02-13 1982-01-26 Thomson-Csf Microwave circuit with coplanar conductor strips
US4305043A (en) * 1980-03-03 1981-12-08 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Coupler having arbitrary impedance transformation ratio and arbitrary coubling ratio
US4398161A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-08-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Phase-shifting amplifier
US4458219A (en) * 1982-03-01 1984-07-03 Raytheon Company Variable phase shifter
US4599585A (en) * 1982-03-01 1986-07-08 Raytheon Company N-bit digitally controlled phase shifter
US4531098A (en) * 1984-04-05 1985-07-23 Motorola, Inc. Wide dynamic range amplifier with second harmonic signal cancellation
US4668920A (en) * 1984-09-24 1987-05-26 Tektronix, Inc. Power divider/combiner circuit
US4636754A (en) * 1984-10-31 1987-01-13 Rca Corporation High performance interdigitated coupler with additional jumper wire
US4638269A (en) * 1985-05-28 1987-01-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Wide band microwave analog phase shifter
EP0247542A1 (de) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Integrierter Mikrowellenschaltkreis
US4800345A (en) * 1988-02-09 1989-01-24 Pacific Monolithics Spiral hybrid coupler
US4937541A (en) * 1989-06-21 1990-06-26 Pacific Monolithics Loaded lange coupler
US5066924A (en) * 1991-02-25 1991-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pulse power amplifier
AU668699B2 (en) * 1991-12-10 1996-05-16 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method for making a joint between a main pipe and a branch pipe and apparatus for use in the method
WO1993016499A1 (en) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-19 Harris Corporation High frequency coupled transmission lines
US5206611A (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-04-27 Krytar, Inc. N-way microwave power divider
US5291155A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-03-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Microwave buffer
US6072376A (en) * 1996-08-22 2000-06-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Filter with low-noise amplifier
US6046654A (en) * 1998-03-03 2000-04-04 Nortel Networks Corporation Quasi-gaussian filter
EP1014472A1 (de) * 1998-12-17 2000-06-28 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Richtkoppler
US6600384B2 (en) * 2001-05-18 2003-07-29 Endwave Corporation Impedance-compensating circuit
US6646504B2 (en) * 2001-08-17 2003-11-11 Harris Corporation Broadband amplifier system having improved linearity and minimum loss
US6624722B2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2003-09-23 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Coplanar directional coupler for hybrid geometry
US20030132816A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-17 Powerwave Microstrip coupler
US20050001695A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2005-01-06 Powerwave Technologies, Inc. Microstrip coupler
US6794954B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2004-09-21 Power Wave Technologies, Inc. Microstrip coupler
US6952147B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2005-10-04 Powerwave Technologies, Inc. Microstrip coupler
US6954104B2 (en) 2003-03-12 2005-10-11 Renesas Technology America, Inc. Method and system for monitoring a deliverable radio frequency power of an amplifier operable on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit
US20040178847A1 (en) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-16 Mitsubishi Electric And Electronics U.S.A., Inc. Method and system for monitoring a deliverable radio frequency power of an amplifier operable on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit
US7345557B2 (en) 2003-06-25 2008-03-18 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US20060066418A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2006-03-30 Werlatone, Inc. Multi-section coupler assembly
US20040263281A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 Podell Allen F. Coupler having an uncoupled section
US7132906B2 (en) 2003-06-25 2006-11-07 Werlatone, Inc. Coupler having an uncoupled section
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GB1276180A (en) 1972-06-01
DE1964412C3 (de) 1981-05-07
FR2032301A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-27
NL6914645A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-02
DE1964412B2 (de) 1980-09-18
SE353422B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-29
NL169938C (nl) 1982-09-01
NL169938B (nl) 1982-04-01
DE1964412A1 (de) 1970-07-23

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