US3501823A - Calender roll with "bi-axially oriented" polymer segments - Google Patents

Calender roll with "bi-axially oriented" polymer segments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3501823A
US3501823A US715392A US3501823DA US3501823A US 3501823 A US3501823 A US 3501823A US 715392 A US715392 A US 715392A US 3501823D A US3501823D A US 3501823DA US 3501823 A US3501823 A US 3501823A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
roll
calender
discs
filled
paper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US715392A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alv Gregersen
Karl-Olof Sellden Larsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Metso Fiber Karlstad AB
Original Assignee
Karlstad Mekaniska Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karlstad Mekaniska Ab filed Critical Karlstad Mekaniska Ab
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3501823A publication Critical patent/US3501823A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0233—Soft rolls
    • D21G1/024—Soft rolls formed from a plurality of compacted disc elements or from a spirally-wound band

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a so-called filled calender roll of a type comprising a core, which is usually made of steel, and a plurality of discs made from sheet material and assembled onto the core and compressed together in the axial direction into an essentially solid body.
  • Filled calender rolls of this type are used as sof rolls in calenders for calendaring of various sheet materials, e.g., paper, to high surface finish.
  • a calender comprises several rolls, soft as well as hard, the latter usually of steel, arranged to form press nips constituted by one soft roll and one hard roll.
  • a soft roll provides a low per unit area pressure (overall pressure) in the nip in proportion to the force per unit of dimension (linear pressure) between the soft roll and a hard roll, and therefore, if the use of a softer roll is desired and at the same time a given overall pressure in the nip is to be established, the linear pressure between the soft roll and the hard roll must be increased.
  • the increased linear pressure and the lower resistance of the soft roll to deformation combined to produce greater deformation of the soft roll and a consequent generation of heat in the soft roll, caused by the deformation work of the material.
  • the calender rolls must be run at a high peripheral speed.
  • a high 3,501,823 Patented Mar. 24, 1970 "ice roll speed will also contribute to a greater deformation work per unit of time and a greater generation of heat in the material of the soft roll.
  • Soft filled rolls previously proposed and used in the art are usually built up of discs made of thin layers of paper.
  • the paper used for the discs is often treated to provide better resistance against the detrimental effects of high temperatures, such as by the admiture of asbestos in the composition or the use of suitable chemical substances.
  • Experiments have been performed using paper layers having thin coatings of metal to improve heat con duction out of the roll, and the similar concept of using thin discs of metal alternating with the paper discs has also been tried.
  • T is the maximum temperature in the roll in C.
  • Tsmface is the surface temperature of the roll in C.
  • P is the linear pressure in the nip in N/m.
  • C is the peripheral speed of the roll in m./sec.
  • H is the deformation work hysteresis loss in the nip
  • A is the heat conductivity of the filling material of the roll in W/m. C.
  • E is the modulus of elasticity in N/m.
  • R is the radius of the roll in m.
  • a soft filled calender roll which can be used in a roll nip with high pressure and/or with a high peripheral speed without being destroyed by heat and, moreover, has a high resistance to mechanical destruction.
  • the roll of the invention also has a low hysteresis loss and the physical and mechanical properties suitable for calendering purposes.
  • a calender roll comprises a roll filling made of discs of a polymer sheet material, the sheet material being formed in such a way as to produce a structure in which the molecules are biaxially oriented.
  • the disc material may be selected from various polymers including polyesters, polyolefins, polystyrenes and polyamides.
  • the biaxial molecular structure of the sheet is obtained by stretching a sheet formed by conventional methods in at least two direc tions while it is at an elevated temperature.
  • the manufacturing techniques for producing a sheet having a biaxially oriented molecular structure, which structure is also essentially crystalline, are well known and do not, per se, constitute a part of the invention. Therefore, detailed description of this aspect is not necessary.
  • a roll filling, according to the invention, constituted by discs of biaxially oriented polymer sheets will generally have a deformation work hysteresis loss which is less than 0.1, while the modulus of elasticity will be about the same as for a roll filling of conventional paper material.
  • the temperature rise in the roll even at very high nip pressures and high peripheral speeds will not reach a point so high that the roll filling is damaged.
  • the elastic properties of the roll filling are such that the roll surface is resistant to damage under even such severe conditions as running defective paper through the calender.
  • the roll consists of a core 1, which is made of steel or some other appropriate metal,
  • the plurality of discs 5 making up the roll filling 2 are assembed onto the core 1 and compressed in the axial direction, using a press device of a type known in the art to form an essentially solid body, retainer heads 4 are assembled on the core and the assembly secured in place by locking nuts 3. Only one such head and its retainer nut 3 are shown in the drawing, but it will be understood that an identical head and nut are installed at the opposite end of the core to retain the opposite end of the roll filling 2. After the roll filling discs 5 are assembled and secured in place, the roll filling structure 2 is turned and ground to the required diameter and surface finish.
  • each of the plurality of discs 5 is cut from a sheet of polymeric material which has been stretched in at least two directions and under elevated temperature conditions such as to produce a structure in which the molecules are biaxially oriented in the major planes of the sheets.
  • Various polymers including polyesters, polyolefins, polystyrenes and polyamides are suited for the roll filling, particularly for their properties of relatively low deformation work hysteresis loss when of biaxial molecular structure and moduli of elasticity which are generally of the same order as those of roll filling of conventional paper material; thus, they are well suited for replacement use in existing calenders. They also have high strength and toughness.
  • the discs 5 may be assembled onto the core 1 without paying any particular attention to their orientation, the result being a random orientation of the biaxial molecular structure.
  • Sheets of each polymer are processed in a manner producing a biaxial molecular structure.
  • the stretching producing the biaxial structure is equal in both directions so that the properties are equal in both directions, a condition which may be described as balanced biaxial orientation.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Polyethylene terephthalate (Melinex S, from ICI) Density: 0.91 g./cm.
  • an important aspect of the invention is the property of the biaxially oriented polymeric filling materials of a low deformation work hysteresis loss, and as little data on this property is available in the literature, it is useful to discuss here in more detail vantages and results not obtained with conventional paper rolls.
  • Table III shows the elfect of temperature on the nip deformation work hysteresis loss, H, in a calender roll filled with 1000 gauge Melinex S sheet.
  • a calender roll comprising a central core and a roll filling carried by the core and composed of a plurality of discs fitted onto the core and held in compressed relation on the core to form an essentially solid cylindrical body, the discs being made of a polymeric sheet material having a structure in which the molecules are biaxially oriented.
  • a calender roll according to claim 1 wherein the sheet material is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyolefins, polyamides, and polystyrenes.
  • a calender roll according to claim 4 wherein the, polymer is polyethylene terephthalate.

Landscapes

  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
US715392A 1967-03-23 1968-03-22 Calender roll with "bi-axially oriented" polymer segments Expired - Lifetime US3501823A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE4126/67A SE301418B (is") 1967-03-23 1967-03-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3501823A true US3501823A (en) 1970-03-24

Family

ID=20263594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US715392A Expired - Lifetime US3501823A (en) 1967-03-23 1968-03-22 Calender roll with "bi-axially oriented" polymer segments

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3501823A (is")
AT (1) AT288851B (is")
BE (1) BE711821A (is")
CH (1) CH465382A (is")
DE (1) DE1761018B1 (is")
DK (1) DK122081B (is")
FI (1) FI44088B (is")
FR (1) FR1559965A (is")
GB (1) GB1160851A (is")
NL (1) NL6803319A (is")
NO (1) NO130999C (is")
SE (1) SE301418B (is")

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854975A (en) * 1971-06-30 1974-12-17 Addressograph Multigraph Pressure fixing of toners
US3874894A (en) * 1972-10-27 1975-04-01 Addressograph Multigraph Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners
US3995354A (en) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-07 Clupak, Inc. Nip roll for treating web materials and method of manufacturing same
US4042437A (en) * 1975-05-30 1977-08-16 Clupak, Inc. Method of manufacturing nip roll for treating web materials
US20050019490A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2005-01-27 Achim Adam Method for the production of bearing materials, bearing materials produced by said methods and use of said bearing materials
US20050042963A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2005-02-24 Achim Adam Method for the production of support materials, support materials produced according to said method and use of said support materials

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4604778A (en) * 1985-09-20 1986-08-12 Edwards William H Filled calender roll and method of building same
FR2617211B1 (fr) * 1987-06-25 1989-11-24 Callec Paul Rouleau pour le traitement par pression de materiaux en bande

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1016812A (en) * 1963-11-27 1966-01-12 Kleinewefers Gmbh A bowl for mangles and like textile machines
US3365774A (en) * 1961-07-11 1968-01-30 Kusters Eduard Calender rolls
US3383749A (en) * 1966-06-28 1968-05-21 Perkins & Son Inc B F Cotton filled calender roll and method of making

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE954934C (de) * 1954-08-08 1956-12-27 Ruhrchemie Ag Elastische Kalanderwalze zur Papierbearbeitung sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE1038518B (de) * 1955-07-22 1958-09-11 Kleinewefers Soehne J Elastische Walze mit Kunststoffbezug

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3365774A (en) * 1961-07-11 1968-01-30 Kusters Eduard Calender rolls
GB1016812A (en) * 1963-11-27 1966-01-12 Kleinewefers Gmbh A bowl for mangles and like textile machines
US3383749A (en) * 1966-06-28 1968-05-21 Perkins & Son Inc B F Cotton filled calender roll and method of making

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3854975A (en) * 1971-06-30 1974-12-17 Addressograph Multigraph Pressure fixing of toners
US3874894A (en) * 1972-10-27 1975-04-01 Addressograph Multigraph Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners
US3995354A (en) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-07 Clupak, Inc. Nip roll for treating web materials and method of manufacturing same
US4042437A (en) * 1975-05-30 1977-08-16 Clupak, Inc. Method of manufacturing nip roll for treating web materials
US20050019490A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2005-01-27 Achim Adam Method for the production of bearing materials, bearing materials produced by said methods and use of said bearing materials
US20050042963A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2005-02-24 Achim Adam Method for the production of support materials, support materials produced according to said method and use of said support materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1559965A (is") 1969-03-14
AT288851B (de) 1971-03-25
CH465382A (de) 1968-11-15
NO130999C (is") 1975-03-25
NO130999B (is") 1974-12-09
DE1761018B1 (de) 1972-01-20
GB1160851A (en) 1969-08-06
SE301418B (is") 1968-06-04
NL6803319A (is") 1968-09-24
BE711821A (is") 1968-07-15
FI44088B (is") 1971-04-30
DK122081B (da) 1972-01-17

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