US3499185A - Roller apparatus for stretching film webs - Google Patents

Roller apparatus for stretching film webs Download PDF

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Publication number
US3499185A
US3499185A US726747A US3499185DA US3499185A US 3499185 A US3499185 A US 3499185A US 726747 A US726747 A US 726747A US 3499185D A US3499185D A US 3499185DA US 3499185 A US3499185 A US 3499185A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roll
rolls
web
tension
idler
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Expired - Lifetime
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US726747A
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English (en)
Inventor
Willi J Schmidt
Walter Seifried
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
    • D06C3/06—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics by rotary disc, roller, or like apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C47/00—Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
    • B21C47/003—Regulation of tension or speed; Braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
    • B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed

Definitions

  • a pair of idler rolls are mounted for rotation in a defined distance about fixed spaced parallel axes.
  • a driving roll is supported by said idler rolls and is mounted in a bearing between said idler rolls for rotation on the axis of symmetry which is parallel with those of the idler rolls.
  • the driving roll defines a nip with each of said fixed idler rolls.
  • Drive means is connected over a suitable hinge coupling with the driving roll.
  • a movable idler roll is disposed for rotation on or near the axis of symmetry which is substantially parallel with said aforementioned axes and is further mounted on the movable end of a rocking lever (swing beam) for pivotal movement toward the driving roll so that when the movable idler roll is in operative position to define a nip with said driving roll, it is disposed with its axis of rotation lying substantially in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the axes of the other rolls.
  • a web extends around the rolls in such a manner that the force necessary to exert pressure at the roll nips is derived from the tension in the web material.
  • the present invention relates to roller apparatus especially adapted for stretching film webs wherein the film may be formed of plastic or the like, and this roller apparatus may also be employed to stretch webs in various applications in other fields if so desired.
  • the present invention provides a roll assembly, for use more especially for stretching webs of plastics film, said assembly including a pair of idler rolls rotatably mounted 3,499,185 Patented Mar. 10, 1970 on fixed parallel axes spaced to support between them a driving roll, and above the driving roll a movable idler roll on a further parallel axis, said movable idler roll being mounted to pivot toward and away from the driving roll that it can form a nip therewith in a position in which the imagined reference axis is the vertical plane of symmetry of the roller arrangement (grouping), the arrangement for passing a web between the rolls being such that the web can be introduced onto or removed from the upper surface of the said movable idler roll on the side of its axis opposite to the side on which its pivot is located, in a path which approaches but is spaced from the periphery of the adjacent fixed idler roll, and the web can pass, in one direction, around the said movable idler roll, through a nip between it and the driving
  • the said movable idler roll is replaced by a pair of spaced further rolls each similar to the said movable idler roll except that they are pivoted on a common axis that is itself in the said longitudinal plane of symmetry and that their axes in their nip positions have a plane of symmetry that substantially coincides with said longitudinal plane of symmetry, in this case the arrangement for passing a web between the rolls being such that the web, after similar introduction onto either of the pair of fixed idler rolls, passes through a nip between it and the driving roll, then through a nip between the driving roll and the said adjacent roll of the lower pair, under the driving roll, through a nip between it and the other roll of the lower pair, through a nip between the driving roll and the other of the said pair of further rolls and out of the assembly by a similar path to its path of entry.
  • the roll surfaces do not bend at the nip and there is no difference between the speed of opposed rolls at the nip and the speed of travel of the web material passing between them and accordingly the web does not slip or ruck up between the two rolls.
  • the arrangement according to the invention enables the forces necessary to exert pressure at the roll nips to be derived from the tension in the web material.
  • the selection of the angle at which the web material enters on the tension side and by the selection of the position of the pivot point for the movable idler roll it is possible to establish a proportionality factor which itself determines the required factor of multiplication of the forces occurring as tension for conversion into pressure forces.
  • the roll arrangement according to the invention fulfills a long-felt Want and, using readily controllable and technically available means, ensures safe and reliable operation even in the case of difiicult fields of application.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a roll arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the arrangement of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation of a second embodiment and FIG. 4 is a side elevation, similar to that shown in FIG. 2, of two roll arrangements arranged consecutively.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are freely rotatable reaction-absorbing idler rolls, mounted parallel to one another on fixed axes.
  • lines joining them form a triangle having an apical angle a. of, e.g., 120 as seen in FIG. 2.
  • a further parallel movable idler roll 4 is positioned over the driving roll 3, on or near the axis of symmetry a-b of the other three rolls, and the journals 5 of this roll 4 are mounted to be freely rotatable in the outer ends of levers 6 pivoted on pivots 7.
  • the arrangement is such that lines from the pivot points at pivots 7 passing radially through the axis of the roll 4 meet the periphery on the further side of this roll at the point where an approaching web 8 meets this roll, the direction of this approach as indicated by arrow A being such that the web has just sufiicient clearance from the periphery of the roll 1.
  • the path of the web 8 between the rolls is as shown and will be described in greater detail below.
  • a driw'ng roll 11 determines the speed at which the web passes through the apparatus, fixed axis rolls 16 and 17 serving to deflect the Web to achieve the most favorable approach angle of the web in each case.
  • Fixed axis idler rolls 14 and 15 absorb the reaction forces.
  • FIG. 4 shows a mirror-image duplication of the roll arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the Web is stretched between the roll groups, in the zone between defiecting rolls 19 and 20, under the action of heating means (not illustrated), the driving roll 22 of the leading roll group naturally having a greater peripheral speed, according to the stretching ratio, than the driving roll 21 of the trailing roll group, which latter roll therefore has a braking action.
  • the positions of the pivotal centers 7, of movable idler rolls 23 and 24 enable pressure forces at the nips of these rolls with the rolls 21, 22 respectively to be exerted only when there is tension in the web between the rolls 18 and 20.
  • the Web 8 which is guided into the roll system at the desired angle, by means of usual guides and deflecting means (not illus- H first passes around the roll 4 and then passes .4 around thedriving roll 3, after which the emergingweb 10 continues its course from any required point on the periphery of the roll 2. It is obvious that when the web 8 is introduced, the rolls 3 and 4 are raised by known means, not shown in the drawings, e.g. hydraulic jacks, so as to facilitate the lead-in.
  • each tension side has been shown by an arrow marked with the tension P and it is important to note that the effective direction of tension must not be confused with the direction in which the Web 8 and 10 is travelling as indicated by arrows A in the various figures.
  • FIG. 4 where in the combined method employing two groups of rolls, the direction of. travel and direction of tension are first identical but are opposite in the right-hand group of rolls.
  • the center roll 3 provides the drive and therefore also determines the speed at which the web travels through the rolls, and this roll, as required, is subjected to a correspondingly heavy torque.
  • an inherent automatic tensioning effect of the roll arrangement arises owing to the fact that the tension P present in the web material 8, acting on the roll 4, produces a force in the vertical direction, whereby the web passing between the rolls 3 and 4 is subjected to a corresponding pressure and the roll 3 is likewise loaded in the vertical direction.
  • the web passes around the roll 3' to an extent such that it becomes located between the geometric points of contact of rolls 3 and 1 on the one hand and rolls 2 and 3 on the other. It can be seen, particularly in FIG.
  • a proportionality factor can be determined which, when multiplied by the variable tension P determines the sum of the pressure forces.
  • the relationship is represented by the formula wherein P is the pressure at a nipping point, P is the tension in the web and n is the proportionality factor which, in the normal way, can be determined by a resolution of forces in accordance with graphostatics and/0r analytical calculation in a force diagram. Such a force diagram is shown in FIG. 2.
  • An arithmetical example will be used to illustrate how the proportionality factor n can be arrived at: the tension P will be assumed to be 1000 kg.
  • a mean force P acting on the center of rotation of the roll 4 can be determined and introduced as a lateral force into a second force parallelogram to resolve the forces at the center of rotation of roll 4.
  • the reaction forces are taken up by the fixed axis rolls 1 and 2.
  • the perpendicular force P is resolved in a further parallelogram starting from the center of the roll 3, each lateral force amounting to 1700 kg.
  • the roll arrangement according to FIG. 3, as above referred to, has two movable idler rolls 12 and 13, pivoted on the axis of symmetry a-b, the roll 12 or 13, subjected at any instant to the greater tensioning load, exerting the correspondingly greater proportion of the derived pressure forces.
  • a further feature of the roll arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 is the possibility of adapting the three non-driving rolls 1, 2 and 4 to the speed difference in the various stages of the elastic deformation.
  • the following example will explain this procedure:
  • the web 8 (on the tension side) is subjected, both in the deformable condition during the stretching process and after solidification, to a tensioning load of possibly several thousand kilograms, which load is naturally propagated as elastic deformation as far as the solidification stage and thus likewise extends to the first nipping point between the rolls 3 and 4.
  • rolls 3 and 4 of FIGS. 1 and 2 are drawn closely together by means of the force which is derived from the web and is accordingly evenly distributed over the width of the web, these forces again fulfilling their irreversible function in the optimum zone of the whole web-width. A nip-closing effect is achieved, and the median portions of the web are loaded just as much as the marginal zones.
  • this roll arrangement can also be used in cases of an unusually extended width (e.g. 3 meters), in which a thin web, only a few microns thick, is concerned and no slip can be allowed.
  • the roll surfaces should be of materials suitable for their individual tasks. It is of advantage to provide the driving rolls 3, 11 and 21 with a dimensionally stable surface (to achieve constancy of speed), for example a chromium-plated steel jacket, and to cover the idling rolls 1, 2 and 4 with an elastic layer, for example of rubber. However other roll surfaces and combinations. are also possible, these being selected with such factors in mind as grip, prevention of damage to the web, optionally ap- 6 plying markings to the web (by means of appropriately engraved rolls), high gloss elfect, matt finishing and so on.
  • roller apparatus for stretching film webs comprising a pair of spaced fixed idler rolls rotatably mounted at a defined distance on fixed substantially parallel axes, a driving roll disposed between said idler rolls and mounted in a bearing for rotation on an axis of symmetry disposed substantially parallel with said first mentioned axes, said driving roll defining a nip with each of said first mentioned fixed idler rolls, means for drivng said driving roll, a movable idler roll spaced from said first two idler rolls and rotatably mounted on or near an axis of symmetry substantially parallel with said aforementioned axes, and further mounted on the movable end of a rocking lever for pivotal movement toward the driving roll to define a nip therewith, said apparatus being arranged for receiving a web disposed adjacent one of said fixed idler rolls and extending over said movable idler roll, through the nip between said movable idler roll and said driving roll, around said driving roll, through the nip between said drive roll and said
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including an additional movable idler roll, each of said idler rolls being mounted for pivotal movement about a common axis which lies substantially in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the axes of said fixed idler rolls and said driving roll.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 1 including an additional roller apparatus which is a mirror image of said aforedescribed roller apparatus and wherein an associated web passes from the movable idler roll of one roller apparatus to the movable idler roll of the other apparatus.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
US726747A 1967-05-08 1968-05-06 Roller apparatus for stretching film webs Expired - Lifetime US3499185A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK0062235 1967-05-08

Publications (1)

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US3499185A true US3499185A (en) 1970-03-10

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US726747A Expired - Lifetime US3499185A (en) 1967-05-08 1968-05-06 Roller apparatus for stretching film webs

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US (1) US3499185A (fr)
BE (1) BE714780A (fr)
DE (1) DE1704757B2 (fr)
FR (1) FR1563429A (fr)
GB (1) GB1182730A (fr)
LU (1) LU56031A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6806482A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988101A (en) * 1974-05-08 1976-10-26 Aspin Frank Metcalfe Machines for treating filaments of plastics materials
US4510301A (en) * 1982-06-01 1985-04-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorocarbon copolymer films
US4510300A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-04-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Perfluorocarbon copolymer films
WO1993001344A1 (fr) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-21 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif d'extension en largeur
US6045349A (en) * 1995-12-07 2000-04-04 Nippon Petrochemicals Company Limited Rolling apparatus for plastic film
US20020185774A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2002-12-12 Sml Maschinengesellschaft M.B.H. Film-stretching system

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2571656B1 (fr) * 1984-10-11 1986-11-21 Newtec Int Procede et dispositif d'etirage en continu d'un film en matiere plastique
AT393648B (de) * 1990-02-15 1991-11-25 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Folienstreckanlage

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3084393A (en) * 1958-01-14 1963-04-09 Bayer Ag Process for stretching filaments
US3208100A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-09-28 Bevis Ind Inc Longitudinal web stretching machine
US3243844A (en) * 1964-04-28 1966-04-05 Marshall And Williams Corp Longitudinal web stretching machine
US3261903A (en) * 1963-07-02 1966-07-19 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Method and apparatus for film stretching

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3084393A (en) * 1958-01-14 1963-04-09 Bayer Ag Process for stretching filaments
US3208100A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-09-28 Bevis Ind Inc Longitudinal web stretching machine
US3261903A (en) * 1963-07-02 1966-07-19 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Method and apparatus for film stretching
US3243844A (en) * 1964-04-28 1966-04-05 Marshall And Williams Corp Longitudinal web stretching machine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988101A (en) * 1974-05-08 1976-10-26 Aspin Frank Metcalfe Machines for treating filaments of plastics materials
US4510300A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-04-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Perfluorocarbon copolymer films
US4510301A (en) * 1982-06-01 1985-04-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorocarbon copolymer films
WO1993001344A1 (fr) * 1991-07-04 1993-01-21 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif d'extension en largeur
US5455992A (en) * 1991-07-04 1995-10-10 Eduard Kusters Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Roller assembly for expanding the width of a web
US6045349A (en) * 1995-12-07 2000-04-04 Nippon Petrochemicals Company Limited Rolling apparatus for plastic film
US20020185774A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2002-12-12 Sml Maschinengesellschaft M.B.H. Film-stretching system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1704757B2 (de) 1972-04-06
GB1182730A (en) 1970-03-04
DE1704757A1 (de) 1971-02-25
LU56031A1 (fr) 1970-01-13
NL6806482A (fr) 1968-11-11
BE714780A (fr) 1968-11-07
FR1563429A (fr) 1969-04-11

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