US3489587A - Ceramic decalcomanias - Google Patents

Ceramic decalcomanias Download PDF

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Publication number
US3489587A
US3489587A US486953A US3489587DA US3489587A US 3489587 A US3489587 A US 3489587A US 486953 A US486953 A US 486953A US 3489587D A US3489587D A US 3489587DA US 3489587 A US3489587 A US 3489587A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
decalcomania
design
layer
film
ware
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US486953A
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English (en)
Inventor
Saul Weingrad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commercial Decal Inc
Original Assignee
Commercial Decal Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commercial Decal Inc filed Critical Commercial Decal Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3489587A publication Critical patent/US3489587A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
    • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
    • B44C1/175—Transfer using solvent
    • B44C1/1752—Decalcomanias provided with a particular decorative layer, e.g. being specially adapted to allow the formation of a metallic or dyestuff layer on a substrate unsuitable for direct deposition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
    • C04B41/4511—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application using temporarily supports, e.g. decalcomania transfers or mould surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
    • Y10T428/2486—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential with outer strippable or release layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24926—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including ceramic, glass, porcelain or quartz layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to decalcomanias and more particularly to a novel decalcomania for use in connection with ceramic ware.
  • decalcomania In providing a decoration or insignia for ceramic ware, it has heretofore been customary to use a water mount or slide olf decalcomania.
  • This type of decalcomania usually comprises a paper backing, an imprinted design or insignia layer, and a so-called lacquer layer.
  • the paper backing When this decalcomania is applied to the ware, the paper backing is removed by the' application of water.
  • the provision of a lacquer layer is essential in order that the integrity of the design be maintained while removing the paper backing after the decalcomania has been applied to the ware.
  • the lacquer layer maintains the design or insignia intact while transferring the decalcomania from the paper backing to the ware itself.
  • the lacquer layer performs the additional function of protecting the design layer during transport and storage of the decalcomania and prevents deterioration or damage of the design or insignia.
  • the ceramic ware After being initially formed to the desired shape, the ceramic ware is covered with a glaze either before or after the application of the decalcomania thereto.
  • a glaze In the majority of instances, an underglaze decalcomania is provided in which the glaze is applied after the decalcomania is placed on the ware.
  • This method is widely used because the glaze thereafter acts as a protective coating over the decalcomania adding to the longevity and preventing deterioration of the decalcomania.
  • the glaze material is incompatible with the essential ingredients of the lacquer layer of the ceramic decalcomania and could not be applied thereover. Therefore it has heretofore been necessary when providing underglaze decalcomanias to conduct at least two firing operations in order to iirst remove the lacquer layer and thereafter to apply the glaze to the ware. This method was expensive and time and labor consuming.
  • the lacquer layer comprises noxious materials and in those few instances Where the decalcomania is applied as an overglaze decalcomania, that is, over the glaze previously applied to the ware, these materials have a deleterious effect on certain colors of the pigment or design layer and on the decoration or insignia provided thereby when the ware is fired to harden on the decalcomania. Furthermore, the lacquer layer when red is odiferous, permeating the surrounding areas with undesirable odors and detracting from the working conditions.
  • decalcomania whose paper backing is removable by the use of a release media which softens in the presence of a chemical solvent.
  • This solvent release type of decalcomania is seldom used in connection with many types of ceramic ware for it is not at all adaptable for mass application to ware. It is difficult, tedious and time consuming to apply, and in many instances two firing operations are required to apply the glaze and to harden on the decalcomania.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic decalcomania which requires no additional coating for the ware but which is nevertheless positive and eicient in application.
  • Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic decalcomania which is economical to produce while nevertheless being capable of rapid application to ware in volume.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view representing an embodiment of a ceramic decalcomania of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a ceramic decalcomania of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention as illustrated therein comprises a ceramic decalcomania or transfer which may be produced by any suitable printing method, viz. lithography, silk screen printing, rotogravure or the like.
  • This decalcomania has a backing which is to be' released when the decalcomania is applied to the ware.
  • this backing consists of a paper sheet 1.
  • the paper sheet may be of the usual slide off type provided with a thin layer of water soluble gum or adhesive or it may be the so-called duplex paper. In either case it is removable when water is applied thereto.
  • a lilm 2 is applied over the paper sheet, and imprinted over the lm is the design or insignia 3.
  • This invention eliminates the necessity for the dual firing operation by the provision of a novel l-m layer 2 and design layer 3 arrangement.
  • This invention provides a decalcomania whose iilm layer 2 is bonded adequately to the design in order to protect the design during transport and storage.
  • the structure is such that the iilm layer may be easily removed, manually or by air pressure or the like from the design layer after the decalcomania is applied to the ware and witho-ut any initial ring operation.
  • the initial tiring operation is eliminated with all of the consequent benefits attendant upon such elimination.
  • this new and extremely advantageous decalcomania is accomplished according to the present invention by providing solids of high polarity comprising the film when using solids of low polarity in the design pigment vehicle, or using solids of high polarity in the design pigment vehicle when solids of low polarity comprise the film.
  • solids of high polarity comprising the film when using solids of low polarity in the design pigment vehicle
  • solids of high polarity comprise the film.
  • cellulose esters are used as the solids in the film
  • cellulose ethers are utilized as the solids in the pigment vehicle.
  • acrylics comprise the solids in the pigment vehicle
  • cellulose ethers may be used to form the film cellulose esters or cellulose ethers may be utilized in the design pigment vehicle.
  • various types and kinds of solvents may be used for the solids used in the lm and in the design pigment vehicle.
  • the invention provides that where the design pigment vehicle comprises solids which are soluble in aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, the solids contained in the lilm are to be soluble in esters and ketones.
  • a decalcomania possessing the same advantages may be provided according to the present invention where the solids of the design pigment vehicle are soluble in aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons and the solids in the iilm are soluble in esters and ketones. Examples of the typical formulations which may be utilized in providing the decalco-mania of the present invention follow.
  • the solvents are not limited to those specified in the examples as different ones Within the same class may be used.
  • the solids are specilically defined merely for illustrative purposes and the amounts of the ingredients used are only illustrative.
  • the design pigment vehicle contains a cellulose ether such as ethyl cellulose.
  • a cellulose ether such as ethyl cellulose.
  • cellulose ethers may be used in the hlm provided that the solid of the design layer comprises acrylics as illustrated in the following example:
  • cellulose esters may be used as the solid in the design pigment vehicle.
  • An example of this is the following:
  • cellulose ethers as, for example, ethyl cellulose in the design pigment vehicle.
  • An example of this is as follows:
  • butadiene styrene may be used as the solid in the design pigment vehicle.
  • An example of this is as follows:
  • Another illustration of the use of solids of high and low polarity respectively in the iilm and the design pigment vehicle is the combination of cellulose ethers, such as ethyl cellulose in the film and butadiene in the design pigment vehicle.
  • the design pigment vehicle may comprise cellulose acetate butyrate in which the film would contain cellulose nitrate as disclosed in the following eX- ample:
  • Oil modified alkyd 50 Varsol 50 l The vehicle in this combination contains organometallic driers and would dry by solvent evaporation, polymerization and oxidation, thus, becoming insoluble in either subsequent coating operations or in solvents used to obtain adhesion of the film and pigment pattern to the ware.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a slide off type decalcomania in which the paper backing is slid from under the design and film layer rather than removed Ifrom over the design and film layer as is the case in FIG. l.
  • Similar compositions to those above specified may be used for it has been discovered according to the present invention that the desired results may be accomplished when solids of low polarity are used in the film together with solids of high polarity in the design pigment vehicle. Furthermore, when solids of high polarity are used in the film, solids of low polarity are used in the design pigment vehicle.
  • This arrangement which provides a film which Is readily strippable manually or automatically from the design layer after application to the Ware and without firing, nevertheless also provides a sufficient degree of adhesion between the design layer and the film to permit the decalcomania to be shipped and stored without damage to the design layer.
  • the preparation and application of the decalcomania to the ceramic ware are as follows:
  • the slide off decalcornanias illustrated are printed on a standard sheet which has been coated with a water-soluble coating.
  • the film 2 is applied over the color film 3.
  • the ware to be decorated should be clean and dry.
  • the decalcomania is then slid off the paper backing and applied to the ware.
  • the decalcomania may then be squeegeed.
  • the film may be removed off the Ware by air pressure or stripped by hand. Removal by air pressure can be Iaccomplished by using .an air hose with any type nozzle.
  • the ware is permitted to dry and the glazing process may begin. There is no firing necessary until the firing required to apply the glaze.
  • a vitreous decalcomania comprising a backing sheet adapted to be removed prior to the application of the decalcomania to ceramic ware,
  • a printed design layer on said backing sheet consisting of ceramic oxide colorants in a resinous vehicle of one polarity
  • a film layer consisting of a resinous vehicle of a polarity different from that of the design layer
  • said design and film layers being disposed immediately adjacent to and in surface contact with each other, the resinous vehicle in one of said layers being of a high polarity and the resinous vehicle in the other said layer being of a low polarity,
  • vitreous decalcomania according to claim 1 wherein the said film layer is formed of cellulose acetate butyrate as the resinous vehicle and said design layer is formed with ethyl cellulose as the resinous vehicle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
US486953A 1965-09-13 1965-09-13 Ceramic decalcomanias Expired - Lifetime US3489587A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48695365A 1965-09-13 1965-09-13

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US3489587A true US3489587A (en) 1970-01-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US486953A Expired - Lifetime US3489587A (en) 1965-09-13 1965-09-13 Ceramic decalcomanias

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3489587A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4924365B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1571387B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1120486A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4946166A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-09-11 1974-05-02
US3900643A (en) * 1972-12-20 1975-08-19 Leipold F Xavier Decalcomania with removable lacquer coating
US4018728A (en) * 1972-02-23 1977-04-19 Johnson Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
US4075363A (en) * 1973-07-12 1978-02-21 Anchor Hocking Corporation Method of making color decorated, plastic coated glass articles
US4304808A (en) * 1972-02-23 1981-12-08 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
US20060191427A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2006-08-31 Geddes Pamela A Digital decoration and marking of glass and ceramic substrates
CN111731020A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-10-02 王�华 一种陶瓷绘画纸的制备方法及应用方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0460266U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1990-10-02 1992-05-22
RU2500543C1 (ru) * 2012-07-26 2013-12-10 Алексей Геннадьевич Гога Способ получения изображений на поверхности изделий из титана
RU2595537C1 (ru) * 2015-03-23 2016-08-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева-КАИ" (КНИТУ-КАИ) Способ переноса изображений с трансферной пленки на металлоизделия объемной конструкции электротермовакуумной обработкой

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1780021A (en) * 1928-02-04 1930-10-28 Arthur J Laws Printed transfer and method of making and using the same
US1895419A (en) * 1930-03-29 1933-01-24 Meyercord Co Method of making decorated drawn metal articles
US2111897A (en) * 1935-11-16 1938-03-22 American Decal Corp Method of applying a decalcomania
US2629670A (en) * 1948-07-23 1953-02-24 Meyercord Co Vitreous decalcomania
US2734840A (en) * 1956-02-14 Ceramic decalcomania and method of making same
US2746893A (en) * 1952-12-03 1956-05-22 Meyercord Co Dry strip transfer
CA589276A (en) * 1959-12-22 Asnes Benjamin Pressure-sensitive decalcomania
US2970076A (en) * 1957-01-14 1961-01-31 Meyercord Co Vitreous decalcomania and method of decorating ceramic articles
US3007829A (en) * 1959-02-09 1961-11-07 Meyercord Co Vitreous decalcomania
US3015574A (en) * 1957-04-04 1962-01-02 Buntpapierfabrik A G Underglaze decalcomania and method of making same

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734840A (en) * 1956-02-14 Ceramic decalcomania and method of making same
CA589276A (en) * 1959-12-22 Asnes Benjamin Pressure-sensitive decalcomania
US1780021A (en) * 1928-02-04 1930-10-28 Arthur J Laws Printed transfer and method of making and using the same
US1895419A (en) * 1930-03-29 1933-01-24 Meyercord Co Method of making decorated drawn metal articles
US2111897A (en) * 1935-11-16 1938-03-22 American Decal Corp Method of applying a decalcomania
US2629670A (en) * 1948-07-23 1953-02-24 Meyercord Co Vitreous decalcomania
US2746893A (en) * 1952-12-03 1956-05-22 Meyercord Co Dry strip transfer
US2970076A (en) * 1957-01-14 1961-01-31 Meyercord Co Vitreous decalcomania and method of decorating ceramic articles
US3015574A (en) * 1957-04-04 1962-01-02 Buntpapierfabrik A G Underglaze decalcomania and method of making same
US3007829A (en) * 1959-02-09 1961-11-07 Meyercord Co Vitreous decalcomania

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018728A (en) * 1972-02-23 1977-04-19 Johnson Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
US4304808A (en) * 1972-02-23 1981-12-08 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
JPS4946166A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-09-11 1974-05-02
US3900643A (en) * 1972-12-20 1975-08-19 Leipold F Xavier Decalcomania with removable lacquer coating
US4075363A (en) * 1973-07-12 1978-02-21 Anchor Hocking Corporation Method of making color decorated, plastic coated glass articles
US20060191427A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2006-08-31 Geddes Pamela A Digital decoration and marking of glass and ceramic substrates
US7507453B2 (en) 2000-10-31 2009-03-24 International Imaging Materials, Inc Digital decoration and marking of glass and ceramic substrates
CN111731020A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-10-02 王�华 一种陶瓷绘画纸的制备方法及应用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4924365B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-06-22
DE1571387B1 (de) 1970-10-22
GB1120486A (en) 1968-07-17

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