US3486827A - Burner for a flame photometer having a subatmospheric pressure combustion chamber - Google Patents

Burner for a flame photometer having a subatmospheric pressure combustion chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
US3486827A
US3486827A US665895A US3486827DA US3486827A US 3486827 A US3486827 A US 3486827A US 665895 A US665895 A US 665895A US 3486827D A US3486827D A US 3486827DA US 3486827 A US3486827 A US 3486827A
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Prior art keywords
flame
combustion chamber
burner
oxygen
air
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US665895A
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English (en)
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Bedrich Binek
Blanka Dohnalova
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Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
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Czech Academy of Sciences CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/72—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flame burners

Definitions

  • the burner comprises an upright cylindrical shell which forms part of an evacuated combustion chamber, a first feed for admission of oxygen or air into the combustion chamber, a second feed for admission of gaseous fuel through a pair of spaced réelles which are located in the combustion chamber in the foci of the elliptical cross section of the flame, and a third feed for admitting aerodispersive material through an orifice which is located between the orifices of the second feed.
  • the combustion chamber is surrounded by an envelope wherein a pump circulates air or another coolant and the chamber accommodates a pair of shields which screen olf the luminous inner cone of the flame from an optical system that includes aligned optical elements located externally of the chamber at the opposite sides of the flame.
  • the present invention relates to photometric apparatus in general, and more particularly to improvements in burners for use in llame photometers of the type employed for determining the physical and chemical properties of aerodispersive materials. Still more particularly, the invention relates to improvements in burners for flame photometers of the type wherein the burner produces a flame in response to combustion of a mixture of oxygen or air with a suitable gaseous fuel. The material to be analyzed is introduced into and is thermally excited in the flame to produce emission spectra.
  • burners which are presently employed in flame photometers are described, for example, in Flame Photometry and Applications by F. Burriel-Marti and I. Ramirez- Munoz, London 1957, in Combustiom Flames and Explosions of Gases by B. Lewis, Guenther, New York 1961, and in lammenphotometrie by Hermann, Alkemade, Springer, 1957.
  • Burners for flame analysis are designed with a view to produce a quietly burning flame with high internal temperature.
  • the flame should radiate minimal amounts of light in the range of wavelengths of the emission spectra of material which is being analyzed.
  • the material to be analyzed is supplied in the form of an aerosol which is mixed in advance not only with air or oxygen but also with gaseous fuel.
  • the particles of material to be analyzed are thereby dispersed in all parts of the ame, i.e., also into those zones of the flame which are not suited for satisfactory thermal excitation of such material.
  • the flame must have a minimum height and width to insure satisfactory thermal excitation ICC of tested material.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the burner with a novel system of feeds which supply thereto fuel, oxygen or air and aerodispersive material.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a simple cooling system for the combustion chamber of the burner.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide the burner with a device which screens off the luminous inner cone of the flame from the optical system of a ame photometer.
  • a concomitant yobject of the invention is to provide a burner capable of producing a ame which is free of a luminous outer cone.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a burner which can employ several types of gaseous fuel and can operate with air or oxygen.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a burner wherein the size of the flame can be regulated with utmost accuracy and which can be used in connection with testing of many types of aerodispersive materials.
  • one feature of our invention resides in the provision of a burner which is arranged to produce a flame of elliptical cross section in response to combustion of a mixture of air or oxygen with a gaseous fuel that produces a flame free of a luminous outer cone.
  • the burner comprises a combustion chamber having a central zone and preferably including an upright cylindrical shell with a bottom part, evacuating means for maintaining the interior of the combustion chamber at subatmospheric pressure and for withdrawing products of combustion from the shell, a first feed for admitting oxygen or air into the combustion chamber, a second feed for admitting into the combustion chamber a gaseous fuel and having a pair of fuel-discharging orifices in the central zone of the chamber, and a third feed for admitting into the combustion chamber an aerodispersive material through an orilice which is located between the fuel-discharging orifices of the second feed.
  • the entire combustion chamber is preferably installed in an envelope which is connected with means for circulating therein air or another suitable coolant.
  • the first and third feeds can be connected to each other so that the perennial of the -third feed discharge aerodispersive material in a fl-uid carrier which is constituted by oxygen or air.
  • the drawing illustrates a burner which comprises a combustion chamber 17 having an upright cylindrical shell and enclosing a space whose central zone receives fuel, oxygen or air and aerodispersive material whereby the mixture of fuel and air or oxygen produces on ignition a laminar flame of preferably elliptical cross section cludes a supply conduit 24a which is also connected to the bottom part 6 and discharges air or oxygen in directions indicated by arrows 7.
  • the supply conduit 24a con- -tains a llow meter or gauge 24 and a regulating valve 25 and its intake end is connected with a lter 26 which retains all foreign matter.
  • a third feed comprises a source 1a of aerodispersive material which is supplied through a conduit 1 connected to a centrally located orifice 11 of the nozzle 9.
  • the orifice 11 is located between the orifices 10 and also admits air or oxygen because the supply conduits 1 and 24a are connected to each other by a further conduit 30 discharging air or oxygen into a valve 4 which is adjustable by a knob 5.
  • the material to be analyzed is supplied in the form of an aerosol spray.
  • the means for evacuating products of combustion and for maintaining the interior of the combustion chamber 17 at subatmospheric pressure comprises a suction pump 21 which is connected -to the shell of the combustion chamber by a suction pipe 21a containing a regulating Valve 20 which can admit air to thereby control the pressure in the interior of the shell.
  • the entire chamber 17 is accommodated in an outer envelope 8 having an inlet 13 for air or another iluid coolant and an outlet 13a connected to a circulating pump 22.
  • the numeral 23 denotes a vacuum gauge which indicates the pressure in the combustion chamber 17.
  • the optical system of the photometer comprises a pair of aligned optical elements 12, 19 located in the envelope 8 at the opposite sides of the combustion chamber 17.
  • the optical system is cooled by air or another uid which is circulated in the envelope 8.
  • the elements 12, 19 serve to pick up the light of the emission spectra from the non-luminous part of the llame 15, i.e.,
  • the burner provides a laminary llame of elliptical cross section.
  • the orifices 10 are preferably located in the foci of the elliptical cross section of the llame and are flanked by two screens or shields 14, 18 which are located in planes parallel to the main axis of the ellipse.
  • the shields 14, 18 screen the luminous inner cone 16 from the optical elements 12, 19 of the photometer.
  • the source 1a preferably accommodates a supply of fluid fuel which, on mixing with oxygen or air and on ignition of the resulting mixture, produced a llame that is entirely free of a luminous outer cone.
  • the source 1a may accommodate H2, C2N2, C2H2' or another gas having similar properties.
  • the flame heats the material to be analyzed so that the material begins to 4 f radiate its emission spectrum.
  • the height of the flame is preferably in the range of between l0 and 20 millimeters.
  • the improved burner prevents the generation of local disturbances in the chamber 17 and provides a-llarne with a non-luminous part wherein the temperature is constant. Since the shell is forcedly cooled from outside and is maintained at a temperature which is above the condensation temperature of combustion products, the surface of the llame 15 is cooledin such a way that the llame does not develop a luminous outer cone.
  • valves 4 and 25 enable the operator to reduce the concentration of aerodispersive material in the orifice 11 to such an extent that the particles of material enter the chamber 17 separately. Such r'arefaction of the material and its admission axially of the cylindrical shell ofthe chamber 17 render it possible to admit the particles of aerodispersive material into a predetermined portion of the llame 15 wherein the temperature is constant. Since the supply conduits 2b vand 24a also contain valves and gauges, the feed of fuel and air or oxygen can be adjusted with a high degree of accuracy to insure optimum conditions for burning of material that is admitted through the supply conduit 1.
  • the improved burner has been employed with highly satisfactory results in normal llame photometry as well as in llame scintillation photometry.
  • oxygen is intended to denote air as well as pure oxygen.
  • the aerodispersi've materials which can be examined by resorting to the burner of the present invention are for example aerosol of the sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, carbon disulphide and others.
  • the material of the combustion chamber 17 is transparent at least in the regions adjacent to the optical elements 12 and 19.
  • a combination comprising a combustion chamber having a central zone; evacuating means connected with said chamber to maintain its interior at subatmospheric pressure; a first feed for admitting oxygen into said chamber; a second feed for admitting intosaid chamber a gaseous fuel and having a pair of gas-discharging perennials in said central zone; and a third feed for admitting into said chamber an aerodispersive material and having a third orifice which discharges such material between said fuel-discharging orifices.
  • said second feed comprises a source of fuel which, on mixing with oxygen and on subsequent ignition of the resulting mixture in said combustion chamber, produces a flame having a luminous inner cone, and further comprising means for screening off the inner cone of the flame.
  • said screening means comprises a pair of screens flanking said orifices and extending in parallelism. with the main axis of the elliptical cross sectionof the flame.
  • combustion chamber comprises an upright cylindrical shell having a bottom part, each of said feeds including a supply conduit connected with said bottom part.
  • bottom part comprises an upwardly extending portion, said orifices being provided in said upwardly extending portion.
  • said first feed comprises a supply conduit connected with said combustion chamber, a regulating valve in said conduit, and a filter in said conduit.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
US665895A 1966-09-09 1967-09-06 Burner for a flame photometer having a subatmospheric pressure combustion chamber Expired - Lifetime US3486827A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS586666 1966-09-09

Publications (1)

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US3486827A true US3486827A (en) 1969-12-30

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US (1) US3486827A (xx)
DE (1) DE1648861C3 (xx)
GB (1) GB1140476A (xx)
SE (1) SE322359B (xx)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3580680A (en) * 1969-05-06 1971-05-25 Us Health Education & Welfare Flame emission instrument for selectively monitoring metal aerosols
US3807863A (en) * 1971-07-22 1974-04-30 France Etat Method and apparatus for testing for phosphor particles contained in the atmosphere
US3860345A (en) * 1972-07-06 1975-01-14 France Etat Method and apparatus for testing for phosphor particles contained in the atmosphere
US4119404A (en) * 1977-07-05 1978-10-10 Core Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for sour gas analysis
US4190368A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-26 Monitor Labs, Inc. Sulfur monitor analyzer
US4818105A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-04-04 Hewlett-Packard Company Burner for flame photometric detector
FR2692354A1 (fr) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-17 Proengin Dispositif pour la détection, par spectrophométrie de flamme, d'éléments contenus dans l'air ambiant.
US20220128518A1 (en) * 2019-01-14 2022-04-28 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES Blvd. Versatile tube-free jet for gas chromatography detector

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4466943A (en) * 1979-11-28 1984-08-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Flame photometric detector analyzer
GB8404704D0 (en) * 1984-02-22 1984-03-28 Accuspec Ltd Multi-mode cell for spectroscopy
DE4419423A1 (de) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-21 Spectro Analytical Instr Plasma-Manipulator

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198062A (en) * 1960-05-12 1965-08-03 Frederick G Keyes Inc Flame photometers

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198062A (en) * 1960-05-12 1965-08-03 Frederick G Keyes Inc Flame photometers

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3580680A (en) * 1969-05-06 1971-05-25 Us Health Education & Welfare Flame emission instrument for selectively monitoring metal aerosols
US3807863A (en) * 1971-07-22 1974-04-30 France Etat Method and apparatus for testing for phosphor particles contained in the atmosphere
US3860345A (en) * 1972-07-06 1975-01-14 France Etat Method and apparatus for testing for phosphor particles contained in the atmosphere
US4119404A (en) * 1977-07-05 1978-10-10 Core Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for sour gas analysis
US4190368A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-26 Monitor Labs, Inc. Sulfur monitor analyzer
US4818105A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-04-04 Hewlett-Packard Company Burner for flame photometric detector
FR2692354A1 (fr) * 1992-06-11 1993-12-17 Proengin Dispositif pour la détection, par spectrophométrie de flamme, d'éléments contenus dans l'air ambiant.
US20220128518A1 (en) * 2019-01-14 2022-04-28 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES Blvd. Versatile tube-free jet for gas chromatography detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE322359B (xx) 1970-04-06
DE1648861B2 (de) 1973-09-20
DE1648861A1 (de) 1971-05-13
DE1648861C3 (de) 1974-04-25
GB1140476A (en) 1969-01-22

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