US3550858A - Adjustable atomizer flame photometer - Google Patents
Adjustable atomizer flame photometer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3550858A US3550858A US742260A US3550858DA US3550858A US 3550858 A US3550858 A US 3550858A US 742260 A US742260 A US 742260A US 3550858D A US3550858D A US 3550858DA US 3550858 A US3550858 A US 3550858A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- bore
- sample
- burner
- flame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/72—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flame burners
Definitions
- a preatomizer spectral flame burner has a sample tube whose outlet is disposed within a carrier gas conduit terminating in a nozzle. The spacing between the outlet of the sample tube and the outlet of the nozzle is adjustable during the normal operation of the analyzer system, including the burner. Means are provided to withdraw the outlet of the sample tube beyond the gas inlet to the nozzle, whereby positive gas pressure is developed in the sample tube, which is adapted to blow out any obstruction in the sample tube.
- Spectral flame burners which atomize a sample liquid and carry the sample liquid into a main flame for vaporization are well known. In most of the prior art burners, both the fuel gas and the combustion supporting gas are supplied under significant pressure to the burner. Such burners are illustrated in US. Pat. Nos. 2,562,874; 2,714,833 and 3,137,759. These burners all use the gas flow at the base of the flame over a sample tube to aspirate the sample up the sample tube into the flame. There the sample is broken into droplets, some of which are small, some of which are large. When any large droplets are vaporized, the flame is pulsed thermally and mechanically, resulting in a flame which is uneven in intensity.
- a spectral flame burner which is adapted to utilize a fuel gas supplied at a relatively low pressure and which will pass only relatively small droplets of sample into the flame.
- the sample is positively transmitted through the sample tube, as by a peristaltic pump, into an airstream which entrains droplets of the sample liquid, and which carries the smaller droplets into the flame.
- a feature of the invention is the provision in a preatomizing spectral burner of a sample tube whose outlet is disposed within a carrier gas conduit terminating in a nozzle, and wherein the length of the interaction path, i.e., the spacing between the outlet of the sample tube and the outlet of the nozzle, may be adjusted during the normal operation of the analytical system including the burner.
- An additional feature is the provision of means to withdraw the outlet of the sample tube beyond the gas inlet to the nozzle, whereby positive gas pressure is developed in the sample tube which is adapted to blow out any obstruction in the sample tube.
- the flame photometer main assembly includes a burner assembly 10; a mirror assembly, a sample emitted light detector assembly, an infrared flame detector assembly, a flame igniter assembly, and a chimney, all not shown, but disclosed in Ser. No. 586,685, supra.
- the burner assembly 10 includes a tubular main body 20, having in longitudinal axial alignment a lower mixing chamber 22, and upper burner tube receiving bore 24, two intermediate chambers 26 and 28, an upper annular flange 30 and a lower annular flange 32.
- a baseplate 34 is releasably sealed to the lower flange 32 by a plurality of thumb screws 36 and an O- ring 38.
- the main body also has three bosses and bores for these fittings, i.e., sample liquid, air and gas.
- the gas fitting 40 is mounted into the main body on a transverse axis which is displaced slightly from a radius of the main body so that the inner wall of the mixing chamber 22 intersects the longitudinal axis of the gas fitting at an angle which is less than
- the sample fitting 42 is disposed in the same horizontal plane as the gas fitting 40? and has a longitudinal axis which is chordal to the mixing chamber 22.
- the air fitting 44 is disposed above, and in the same vertical plane as the sample fitting 42.
- the bore of the air fitting 44 communicates with a vertical longitudinal bore 46 provided in a rib 48 formed in the wall of the main body.
- the lower end of the bore 46 communicates with the bore 50 in the main body through which the sample fitting is disposed.
- the upper end of the bore 46 communicates with a bore 52 in the top plate 54 which is'screwed to the upper flange 30 by machine screws, not shown.
- a short tube 56 is disposed within the upper portion of the bore 46 to restrict the flow of air from the air fitting 44 to the bore 52.
- a burner tube 58 is sealed within the upper bore 24 of the main body and extends upwardly, through and beyond a central bore 60 in the top plate 54.
- the upper end of the burner tube is closed by a burner cap 62 which has a plurality of perforations 64 and a burner tip 66.
- An auxiliary air manifold block 68 is disposed on the top plate 54 around the upper end of the burner tube.
- the block is closed by an annular plate 70, whose upper surface is coplanar with the upper surface of the burner cap 62.
- the block 68 includes a central bore 71, an outer lower flange 72 which rests on the top plate 54 and is sealed thereto by an O-ring 74 and a plurality of machine screws, not shown, an intermediate an nular recess 76 to support the chimney, not shown, and an O-ring 78 to seal the block to the chimney.
- the block also includes an outer lower annular cavity 80, an inner lower annular cavity 82, and an upper annular cavity 84.
- the bore 52 communicates with the cavities 82 and 80 by a gap between the plate 54 and the block, and the cavity 82 communicates with the cavity 84 by a plurality of longitude bores 88.
- the cavity 84 has an upper annular opening 90.
- An O-ring 92 seals the gap between the exterior of the burner tube 58 and the central bore 71.
- the sample fitting includes an atomizer body having a longitudinal bore 102 extending into a left enlarged bore portion 104 which is internally threaded at 106, and a diametrical bore 108.
- An intermediate body 110 which is externally threaded at 112, is engaged in part within the bore portion 104 and may be longitudinally advanced or retracted therein.
- the body has a longitudinal bore 114 which is internally threaded at 116 to receive an atomizer capillary assembly 118.
- the capillary assembly 118 includes a leur lock 120 having a central bore through which an outer tube 122 is sealed, and into which an inner tube 124 is sealed.
- the right end of the bore 102 of the body 100 is internally threaded at 128 to receive an atomizer tip or nozzle 130.
- the tip includes a rightmost head end 132, an intermediate externally threaded portion 134 which engages the internal threads 128 of the bore 102, and a leftmost portion 136, which is of reduced external diameter to provide an air gap between itself 75 and the interior wall of the bore 102.
- the tip has a longitudinal bore having a leftmost portion 138 of a diameter adequate to receive and provide a slidable reasonably close fit with the rightmost end of the outer tube 122; and intermediate portion 140 of a smaller diameter adequate to receive and provide an air gap with the right end of the inner tube 124', and a rightmost portion 142 of a yet smaller diameter adequate to receive and provide a small air gap with the rightmost end of the inner tube 124.
- a plurality of radial bores 144 is provided through the intermediate tip portion 134 into the intermediate bore portion 140.
- air may pass through the diametrical bore 108, through the gap between the outer tube 122 and the bore 102, through the gap between the leftmost tip portion 136 and the bore 102; through the radial bores 144; through the gap between inner tube 124 and the bore portion 140; through the gap between the inner tube 124 and the bore portion 142; and out the tip.
- a yoke 150 is clamped onto the intermediate body, and an auxiliary block 152 is fixed thereto by a machine screw 154.
- a spur gear 156 is fixed on a shaft 158 whose right end is journaled in a bore 160 in the yoke 150, and whose left end in 'journaled through and beyond a bore 162 inthe block 152.
- flexible shaft 164 is fixed to the left end of the shaft 158 by a set screw 166.
- a spur gear 166 is fixed onto the intermediate body 110, and meshes with the gear 156.
- Rotation of the flexible shaft 164 causes rotation of the gear 156, which causes rotation and longitudinal movement of the gear 166, the intermediate body 110, the leur lock 120 and the inner and outer tubes 122 and 124, and thus adjustment of the relative longitudinal position of the end of the inner tube 124 within the tip 130.Adequate travel is provided so that the right end of the tube 124 may be adjusted to any longitudinal position at least between l coplanar with the right face of the tip 130 and (2) to the left of the radial bores 144.
- Overtravel prevention is provided by a pin 168 fixed through the gear 166 and adjusted to laterally engage with a pin 170 fixed in the block 152 or a pin 172 fixed in the yoke 150.
- the sample liquid which is to be examined is displaced into the left end of the tube 124 by a positive displacement pump such as is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,935,028.
- Four O-rings 180, 182, 184 and 186 seal the bore 46 into communication with the bore 108 and 102.
- compressed air is provided at the air fitting 44, most of that air passes downwardly through the bore 46, through the bore 108, through the bore 46, through the bore 108, through the bore 144, past the right end of the tube 124, and out the tip 130.
- the channel in cross section has hook" shape to trap the liquid and to cause it to flow downwardly to the baseplate 34 and through a drain outlet 202.
- the floor 204 of the baseplate has a conical depression, with a groove 206 leading from the apex to the outlet.
- an insert assembly comprising a tube 210 and a ring 212 may be inserted between the mixing chamber 22 and the tube 58. Only the lightest and, therefore, the smallest, of the droplets will be carried in the center of the rising vortex of gas and droplets and will'clear the ring 212 and pass upwardly through the insert. The heavier droplets will be trapped by the ring and pass out the drain.
- the fuel gas fitting 40 includes a body 224 and a hole sealed therethrough, which is coupled to a source of relatively low pressure fuel gas.
- the outlet end 228 of the hole 226 is closed and a longitudinal line of radial bores 230 is provided for the discharge of the gas into the mixing chamber.
- the line of bores is oriented to be on the lee side of the hole with respect to the clockwise flow of the relatively high pressure air from the atomizer tip 132, so that a space of relatively low pressure is formed adjacent these bores, into which space the relatively low pressure gas may flow.
- the air, sample vapor droplets and the gas swirl around in the mixing chamber and uniformly intermix. The mixture, still swirling, rises up into the burner tube 58.
- Three symmetrically disposed fins 136 are provided projecting from the inner surface of the burner tube to deflect the swirling flow into a linear flow up the burnertube and out the perforations 64. Since the tube 126 is at an acute angle to the clockwise air and sample flow, any sample which settles out of the hole will be blown along the tube to the body 224 and will drain off onto the wall of the mixing chamber.
- the burner tip 66 projects into the blue cone of the flame and is heated thereby.
- the tip is in contact with the burner cap 62 and at the start of operation, rapidly brings the cap to thermal equilibrium to stabilize the preheating of the gas mixture.
- a spectral flame photometer burner comprising:
- a conduit terminating in a nozzle, disposed within said chamber, having an intermediate inlet, whereby a first gas, when supplied through said inlet and out through said nozzle has a path of flow which swirls around said chamber and up said burner tube;
- sample tube having an inlet external to said conduit, an intermediate portion, sealed to said conduit, and having an outlet disposed within said conduit;
- said tube ou'tlet may be adjustably disposed between said conduit inlet and said nozzle, whereby a sample liquid, when transmitted into said sample tube inlet and out said outlet, will be carried along by the first gas and atomized into droplets through said nozzle, and, alternatively, may be disposed to one side of said conduit inlet remote from said nozzle, whereby the first gas will develop a positive pressure into said sample tube inlet.
- said relative movement providing means includes:
- first driven means coupled between said conduit and said sample tube for providing longitudinal movement therebetween; and second driving means drivingly coupled to said first driven means and operable while said burner is in operation.
- second driving means drivingly coupled to said first driven means and operable while said burner is in operation.
- said nozzle has its longitudinal axis on a geometric chord to the circle of said chamber, whereby the first gas, when supplied under relatively high pressure through said nozzle has a path of flow which strikes the interior wall of said chamber and swirls around within said chamber;
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US74226068A | 1968-07-03 | 1968-07-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3550858A true US3550858A (en) | 1970-12-29 |
Family
ID=24984123
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US742260A Expired - Lifetime US3550858A (en) | 1968-07-03 | 1968-07-03 | Adjustable atomizer flame photometer |
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US (1) | US3550858A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3609041A (en) * | 1970-06-02 | 1971-09-28 | Robert H Webb | Liquid sample spectral source |
US5464157A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1995-11-07 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Nebulizer for use in an atomic absorption system |
WO2005062883A2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-14 | The George Washington University | Demountable direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
US20050224709A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-10-13 | Akbar Montaser | Short torch design for direct liquid sample introduction using conventional and micro-nebulizers for plasma spectrometry |
US8882085B1 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-11-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Micro atomizer |
US10224687B1 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2019-03-05 | Radoslaw M. Sobczynski | Laser with intracavity narrowband magneto-optic atomic filter |
US20220128518A1 (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2022-04-28 | AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES Blvd. | Versatile tube-free jet for gas chromatography detector |
-
1968
- 1968-07-03 US US742260A patent/US3550858A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3609041A (en) * | 1970-06-02 | 1971-09-28 | Robert H Webb | Liquid sample spectral source |
US5464157A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1995-11-07 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Nebulizer for use in an atomic absorption system |
WO2005062883A2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-14 | The George Washington University | Demountable direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
US20050224709A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-10-13 | Akbar Montaser | Short torch design for direct liquid sample introduction using conventional and micro-nebulizers for plasma spectrometry |
US20050230617A1 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-10-20 | Akbar Montaser | Demountable direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
WO2005062883A3 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-12-15 | Univ George Washington | Demountable direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
US7145137B2 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2006-12-05 | The George Washington University | Demountable direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
US7317186B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2008-01-08 | The George Washington University | Short torch design for direct liquid sample introduction using conventional and micro-nebulizers for plasma spectrometry |
US8882085B1 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-11-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Micro atomizer |
US10224687B1 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2019-03-05 | Radoslaw M. Sobczynski | Laser with intracavity narrowband magneto-optic atomic filter |
US20220128518A1 (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2022-04-28 | AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES Blvd. | Versatile tube-free jet for gas chromatography detector |
US20220276208A1 (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2022-09-01 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Versatile tube-free jet for gas chromatography detector |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: REVGROUP PANTRY MIRROR CORP., A DE. CORP. Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:TECHICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004940/0684 Effective date: 19860723 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALFA-LAVAL AB, TUMBA, SWEDEN A SWEDISH CORPORATION Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004951/0555 Effective date: 19880714 Owner name: ALFA-LAVAL AB, TUMBA, SWEDEN A SWEDISH CORPORATION Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004951/0555 Effective date: 19880714 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALFA-LAVAL AB, TUMBA, SWEDEN, A SWEDISH CORP. Free format text: PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 4951 FRAME 0555, CORECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT A SERIAL NUMBER ERRORNOUSLY RECORDED AS 470,357 ASSIGNOR HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT OF THE ENTIRE INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005110/0170 Effective date: 19880714 |