US2515158A - Radiant gas burner having concentric gas and air nozzles - Google Patents

Description

July 11, 1950 A J. TURPIN ET AL 2,515,158

RADIANT GAS BURNER HAVING CONCENTRIC GAS AND AIR NOZZLES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 19, 1945 INVENTORS ALsxAMoRdTORPWANo AL mm /-7 Sew/MANN BY l wa Patented July 11, 1950 RADIANT GAS BURNER HAVING CONCEN- TRIC GAS AND AIR NOZZLES Alexander J. Turpin, Stewart Manor, N. Y., and Alfred F. Schumann, Lower Merion, Pa.

Application November 19, 1945, Serial No. 629,352 6 Claims. (01. 158-110) The invention relates to burner apparatus for gaseous fuels, and more especially to burners-designed for concentrating the heat ofcombustion, for example, burner apparatus of the so-called radiant type wherein little, if any, flame is visible, the burner proper being associated with a wide-angle cone or tunnel element constructed of suitable refractory material and shaped to receive the incandescent gases from the burner and to direct radiant energy as desired.

The present invention has for an object to provide a burner construction of the aforesaid type which will enhance the combustion of a suitable gaseous fuel, which combustion, as well as the mixture of the fuel with air, does not occur until such fuel reaches substantially the discharge tip of the novel burner device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a controllable burner device which will admit of wide variation in the fuel volume.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner device which will enable gaseous fuels of widely varying calorific value tobe utilized and under a wide variation in load.

Still another object of? the invention is to so construct the burner device that back-firing or fire-flashback is entirely eliminated, and that none of the usual expedients or-explosion stops are required in connection with its operation.

A further object of the invention is to construct a burner device, of the nature set forth, of a minimum number of parts and of simple and rugged design.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an extended-nozzle type of burner and to impart both to the flowing gaseousfuel and to the flowing combustion air, particularly the latter, a helical travel; and to arrange,=-also, flow of the former about the latter until theflows are united at respective orifices for saidgases. 1

The invention has for an object, valso i p vide a wide-angle discharge and toassociate therewith a refractory, correspondingly-flaring, wide-based conical tunnel element of relatively large effective radiating surface for spreading the heat radiations.

In carrying out the invention, a, pair of coaxial nozzle elements is provided, as in extending the same outwardly from a suitable mounting element or plate, to afi'ord a gas chamber between the said nozzles, the outlet ends of both nozzles being contracted and juxtaposed and the orifice of the inner one set back from the orifice of the outer one, said nozzles cooperating attheir orifice ends to formbetween them acontractedehnular opening for said gas chamber.

Extending in the opposite direction i'rom the mounting element,-or rearwardly, is a tubular inlet element within which is secured a tubular plug member adapted to seal off the rear of the inlet element. The tubular portion of this member is mounted in the longitudinal axis of the inner of the two nozzles to form a continuous passageway therewith for combustion air which is caused to enter tangential ports of said tubular portion from an air chamber formed between said. portion and the surrounding Wall of the inlet element. v

The chamber for gaseous fuel formed between the two said nozzle elements, as well as the said air chamber, communicate through respective inlet ducts, carried by the mounting element, with suitable sources of supply of gaseous fuel and of air; and the discharge from the orifices mixes against a refractory furnace chamber or tunnel element to incandesce the latter.

The nature of the invention, however, will best be understood when described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a fragmentary rear elevation illustrating a, burner installation comprising a plurality of the novel burner devices.

Fig. 2 is a similar side elevation of the installation, partly in longitudinal section.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged end elevation of the burner device; and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section thereof.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section similar to Fig. 4 and illustrates a modification.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section, taken on the line 6--6, Fig. 4 of the drawings, and looking in the direction of the-arrows, with one of .the nozzles be associated with the mounting member.

and plug removed.

Fig. 7 is a transverse section taken on the line 'l-I, Fig. 4 of the drawings. l

' Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 8-8, Fig. 3 of the drawings, and looking in the direction of the arrows, with parts omitted.

Referring to the drawings, l0 designates a mounting member such as a plate from which extends at a cylindrical aperture l0 therein the nozzle assembly H and a pair of ducts l2 and I3 for conveying respectively air and gaseous fuel to nozzles discharging the same substantially at the same point and directing the combustion upon a refractory cone or tunnel element M which is to This member may be secured to a suitable support n the nature of a channel l5, for example, and provided with. an aperture I 6, through which the nozzleassembly l| projects, as shown; and along Which'bhannel a plurality or battery of the-novel 3 burner devices may be installed for multiple operation. Several channels thus equipped may be bolted together along their respective juxtaposed flanges to increase the heating capacity of a battery.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 4 of th drawings, it will be noted that two coaxial nozzle elements 20 and 2| extend outwardly from the mounting member In, the latter being integral therewith. The former and inner element is (18-7..

signed to deliver air for combustion of a gaseous fuel which is delivered from the latter nozzle element 2| or, rather, from the gas chamber 522 formed between it and the nozzleelement 2.0 .and to which gas is delivered through ,theopening 13a from the duct I3. These nozzle elements are tapered or conical at the discharge end to pro vide contracted orifices 23 and 24, respectively, said orifices terminating substantially in the same plane; and gaseous fuel and combustion air therefor are thus prevented from inter-mingling prior to the discharge, which eliminates fire-flashback.

The discharge is directed against a suitable radiant element such as, for example, the said outwardly-flaring tunnel member l4 which is of suitable refractory material designed to be heated toincandescence by the combustion, 'as is well understood. This refractory material extends entirely about the outwardly extending nozzles to the supporting channel 15 and may be bolted to the mounting plate It, as indicated, with nozzles extending through the aperture H of the said channel. The said nozzles are designed to discharge into the wide-based, conical mouth of the tunnel element which affords a relatively large radiating area, said mouth being located in the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly and juxtaposed to the outlet orifices thereof to receive the discharge therefrom. The wall of said mouth is conformed to the discharge and becomes incandescent therefrom to radiate heat over a substantial area.

Extending rearwardly from the mounting plate H! to communicate with the inner nozzle member 29 is an integral tubular inlet element 25 located in the longitudinal axis of the nozzles, andiproviding a chamber 26 open at the rear but designed tobe closed thereat by a tubular plug member 21. The head of this member is threaded into the said element to permit removal of the said plug member to admit of access to the'interior of the inlet element 25 as well as to allow of assembling the nozzles of which the inner one or air nozzle 20 is, preferably, arranged to be removable. This is effected by constructing said nozzle 20 as an extended tube with flange 28 at its inner end, which flange is designed to seat in a countersunk portion of the aperture in mounting plate I9, such as the circular recess 29, and to shoulder against the bottom thereof, the recess being coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the nozzles. It is retained in position by the wall of the cylindrical aperture I0 and by the inner end of the tubular plug member 27 which is caused to bear against the flange 28, and is tightened by screwing in the plug member to the required extent. The plug carries an inwardly directed tube or additional nozzle element 30, the same being screwed at one end into the said plug and extends into the inner nozzle member 20 coaxially therewith to furnish through its open end 3| a non-rotating and auxiliary supply of air from the chamber 25 or, rather, from the interior 32 of the tubular portion of said plug, for the purpose hereinafter 4. set forth. The inner portion of the element 30 is to this end provided with diametrically disposed perforations 33 communicating with the interior of the tubular plug member 21; and its outlet end 3| terminates slightly behind the orifice 23 of the nozzle element 20. In some instances, as when operating at reduced pressures or where the rotation imparted to the main supply of air is substantially reduced, this additional nozzle element 30 may be omitted, as indicated in Fig. 5.

"The foregoing arrangement aliords a convenient and .simple means of assembly and allows of accurate positioning of the inner nozzles 20 and 30 relatively to their surrounding nozzle 21; and, in addition, provides for ready access to the interior of the respective nozzles should this become necessary. It will be noted in this connection that the actual burner element of the novel burner device is thus constituted of only three main members- By the introduction of the plug member '2 i, the air chamber'26 will, of course, be reduced to an annular cylindrical conformation, but provision is made to open this annular portion to the in terior of the tubular portion of said plug member and in such a manner, furthermore, that the air entering the nozzle element 20 will have had a. rotary movement imparted thereto so "that it will follow more or less a "helical path through the said nozzle, as indicated by the arrows. This will enhance its mixture with the gaseous fuel discharged from the :nozzle element 2-! or, rather; from the space or chamber 22 between the two said nozzles, by creating considerable tubulence at their orifices. The aforesaid rotar 'ilowof the air is secured by providing in the wall of the tubular portion of the plug member I circularly disposed tangential and elongated ports3'5 parallel to its longitudinal axis.

Air is supplied to the chamber ZE by the inlet duct l2 formed on the mounting plate, said duct as well as the duct l3 for gaseous fuel communi-' eating respectively with suitable sources of supply (not shown). in the case of both of these supplies, the said communicating ducts provide more or less arcuate passageways which will' tend to impart to the respective flows a rotary movement so that also the flow of the gaseous fuel will be more or less along a. helical path through the gas-chamber 22 to the discharge orifice. 1

It will be appreciated that in order to obtain the desired combustion cone for satisfactory radiation from the element 14, substantial rotational movement must be imparted to the air sup plied, but this is likely to develop a "considerable vacuum immediately adjacent the orifices of the burner which may interfere with'the combustion as well as render the operation of the burner extremely noisy. By the introduction ofthe aux iliary and non-rotating air through the provision of the additional 'nozzle element 30, the tendency is tobreak such vacuum and to reduce materially the noises developed. g

A further and through duct 36 is formed over the outer surface of the nozzle assembly between it and the surrounding refractory material Which has a groove 31 formed in its inner surface. This duct extends from the rear of the burner device over the nozzle 2i to its orifice to serve as an ig-v nition duct in starting operation of thesaid burn-j er device. A hinged cover 38 normally'maintains the rear end of the said duct closed. f

In the use of 'a burner device as hereinbefore described, combustion is rapidly completed, due

to the turbulence created and the high velocity of the mixing gases; also, rapid incandescence is insured thereby over the inner surface of the associated tunnel element. The gases may be supplied. under relatively high pressures; and an adequate control thereof is possible under widely varying volumes at predetermined constant ratio of pressures of the gases, all without danger of flashback or interruption of the combustion.

The present application is a continuation in part of our application Serial No. 594,530, filed May 18, 1945 and now abandoned.

We claim:

1. A gaseous-fuel, radiant burner device, comprising an apertured mounting element, a tubular inlet element rearwardly directed therefrom; two coaxial nozzle elements outwardly directed from the mounting element and terminating in respective juxtaposed orifices, a gaseous fuel chamber being formed between said nozzle elements, and the inner of the nozzle elements communicating with the said rearwardly-directed tubular inlet element; a tubular, headed plug member threaded into the outer end of the inlet element to seal the same thereat, said member being coaxial with the inner nozzle element and its tubular portion, when said plug member is threaded into the inlet member, contacting the inner end of the peripheral portion of said inner nozzle element to seal the latter thereat forming a continuous passage- Way with said inner nozzle element and providing then a chamber between its periphery and the said inlet element, the tubular portion having tangential, circularly disposed ports for sole passage of air from said air chamber to the inner of the said nozzle elements; an inlet duct for gaseous fuel communicating with the gaseous fuel chamber and carried by the mounting element; and an inlet duct for air communicating with the air chamber and carried by the mounting element.

2. The burner device of claim 1, wherein an auxiliary air supply tube is secured at one end to the tubular plug member and extends therefrom coaxially into the inner of the two coaxial nozzle elements, said auxiliary air supply tube having openings at its inner portion to afford communication between the auxiliary air supply tube and the interior of the tubular plug member, and its outer discharge end being juxtaposed to the burner orifices.

3. A gaseous-fuel, radiant burner device, comprising an apertured mounting plate; a tubular discharge element extending at one face outwardly from the aperture of the plate and provided with a, contracted discharge orifice; a tubular inlet element extending backwardly from the plate coaxially with the discharge element; a nozzle element fitting in the aperture of said plate, extending coaxially into the discharge element and terminatin in a contracted discharge orifice juxtaposed to the first-named discharge orifice; removable tubular plug means extending into the inlet element to retain the nozzle element in position and to seal the inlet element, and its tubular portion registering axially with the aperture and nozzle element and contacting the latter to seal the same thereat, said tubular portion having tangential, circularly disposed inlet ports opening into an annular chamber formed between its periphery and the inlet element; an inlet duct for air communicating with the said annular chamber and carried by the mounting plate; and an inlet duct for gaseous fuel communicating with the interior of the tubular discharge element about the nozzle element and carried by said mounting plate.

4. The burner device of claim 3, wherein the mounting plate is countersunk to afford an aperture therethrough and to seat a flange at the inlet end of the nozzle element, said flange being engaged by the inner end of the tubular plug means to retain thereby said nozzle element 00- axially within the tubular discharge element.

5. A gaseous-fuel, radiant burner device, comprising an apertured mounting element, a pair of tubular elements extending coaxially oppositely from the mounting element and its aperture to afford a through passageway, means located within one of the tubular elements to impart rotary motion to a stream of air therein, a further tubular element extending outwardly from the aperture coaxially within the other of the said oppositely-extending tubular elements and terminating at its outlet, an inlet duct for gaseous fuel communicating with the space between the two coaxial tubular elements, a duct for air communicating with the said one of the tubular elements, and an auxiliary air supply tube extending coaxially within the further tubular element and in communication at the inner end with the air duct.

6. A gaseous-fuel, radiant burner device, comprising an apertured mounting element, a pair of tubular elements extending coaxially oppositely from the mounting element and its aperture to aiford a through passageway, means to seal the end of one of the oppositely extending tubular elements and including a tubular portion providing an air chamber therein extending to the aperture, said tubular portion having tangential ports to afford communication between said chamber and the aperture, a further tubular element extending outwardly from the aperture coaxially within the other of the said oppositelyextending tubular elements and terminating at its outlet, an inlet duct for gaseous fuel communicating with the space between the two coaxial tubular elements, a duct for air communicating with the air chamber, and an auxiliary air supply tube extending from the sealing means coaxially within the further tubular element and communicating at the inner end with the tubular portion of the sealing means.

ALEXANDER J. TURPIN. ALFRED F. SCHUMANN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PA'I'ENTS Number Name Date 391,865 Schulte Oct. 30, 1888 914,193 Schumaoher Mar. 2, 1909 1,862,673 Foster June 14, 1932 1,893,533 Barber Jan. 10, 1933 2,138,998 Brosius Dec. 6, 1938 2,332,210 Frank Oct. 19, 1943 2,368,370 Maxon Jan. 30, 1945 2,377,497 Hopkins June 5, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 384,7 60 Germany Nov. 5, 1923 500,699 Germany June 24, 1930

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