US3484275A - Electrostatic deposition of compositions on sheet materials utilizing pre-existing friction induced electrostatic charges on said sheet materials - Google Patents

Electrostatic deposition of compositions on sheet materials utilizing pre-existing friction induced electrostatic charges on said sheet materials Download PDF

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US3484275A
US3484275A US456244A US3484275DA US3484275A US 3484275 A US3484275 A US 3484275A US 456244 A US456244 A US 456244A US 3484275D A US3484275D A US 3484275DA US 3484275 A US3484275 A US 3484275A
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Prior art keywords
web
paper
charge
coating material
plate
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Walter J Lewicki Jr
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Kimberly Clark Tissue Co
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Scott Paper Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/14—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for coating continuously moving elongated bodies, e.g. wires, strips, pipes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
    • D21H5/0047—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating by spraying or projecting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for depositing various liquid, semiliquid and liquefiable coating materials on a web of material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for depositing various liquid, semiliquid and liquefiable coating materials on a moving web of material. In a still more specific aspect, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for depositing nonconductive, chemical coating materials, such as, surfactants, lubricants, oil emulsions, and other organic coatings, to a web of paper.
  • nonconductive, chemical coating materials such as, surfactants, lubricants, oil emulsions, and other organic coatings
  • a spray pattern adjusted for coverage some distance above the web will assume an entirely different pattern immediately adjacent the Web, and additional spray pressure is necessary to overcome the resistance of this air layer.
  • the air layer will, of course, change in character and thickness depending upon the speed of movement of the web. Accordingly, the speed of movement of the Web is also a critical factor in spray coating operations.
  • Another disadvantage of pressurized spray coating, particularly of an absorbent material such as paper is the fact that highly viscous or semiliquid materials cannot be conveniently sprayed without clogging of the spray unit. Accordingly, many paper coating materials, such as, surfactants, lubricants, and the like, must be highly diluted with solvents or Water in order to make the material sprayable. Such dilution also interferes with even coverage of the web, but more importantly, requires that the web be passed through a heating unit of some type in order to evaporate the excess Water or solvent.
  • Another and even less desirable technique for applying coating materials to paper and the like is to dip the web material in the coating solution or apply it by means of saturated rollers.
  • This operation is often used where sizing materials, such as starch, polyethylene emulsions and the like, are applied to various types of paper.
  • sizing materials such as starch, polyethylene emulsions and the like
  • waste of material, oversaturation, unevenness of coating, the necessity of drying to remove excess coating material and carrier, etc. are almost too obvious to require comment.
  • many of the coating materials have a tendency to foam. The only way in which such foaming can be reduced to any major extent is to drastically reduce the speed at which the Web is carried through the bath. This, of course, results in undue delay and oversaturation when only a surface film is generally desired to be deposited.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a Web of material.
  • Another and further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a moving Web of material.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying nonconductive coating materials to a web of material.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material having a dielectric constant substantially lower than water to a web of material.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a web of paper.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a moving web of paper.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a nonconductive coating material to a web of paper.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material having a dielectric constant substantially below that of water to a web of paper.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a web of material whereby substantially all of the coating material is applied to the web and waste of coating material is virtually eliminated.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a web of material whereby surprisingly even coverage of the web is obtained.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material to a moving web of material which is essentially independent of the speed of movement of the web.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a coating material of high viscosity to a web of material.
  • Another and further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a softening and lubricity agent to paper.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying rewettting agents to nonabsorbent paper.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a detergent to paper.
  • Yet another object is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a sizing agent to paper.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a wet-strength chemical to paper.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for applying a wetstrength-rewetting agent mixture to paper.
  • the drawing is a schematic diagram of apparatus useful in the practice of the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to the deposition of various types of chemicals in a liquid or semiliquid form onto a web of material.
  • the present invention will be described with particular reference to the deposition of such chemicals on a moving web of paper.
  • the deposited material was found to exhibit substantial spottiness and overlap. It is, therefore, highly desirable to provide a method and apparatus for depositing chemicals on a moving web of paper in a manner such that the loss of material is substantially reduced and the deposited material is evenly distributed on the web of paper. It is additionally desirable, in most cases where a chemical is to be deposited on a web of paper, that the chemical be deposited as a film on the surface of the paper rather than to saturate the entire thickness of paper or deposit the material in the interior pores of the paper also.
  • the present invention therefore provides such an efiicient and effective method and apparatus for depositing chemicals in a liquid or semiliquid form onto a moving web of paper.
  • these objectives are accomplished by passing an atomized chemical through the field of force created when the distributing or atomizing device and an electrode on the opposite side of the moving web of paper form the plates of an electrical capacitor.
  • a characteristic electrical charge either positive or negative, depending upon the nature of the machine, is created in a machine supplying a moving web of material.
  • An electrical charge of the same sense, that is, either positive or negative, has also been found to be present on the moving web of paper even though the paper is actually a nonconducting or insulating material.
  • the device used to atomize the chemical which is being deposited on the moving web is grounded to form one plate of an electrical capacitor and the other plate is formed on the other side of the web of paper by providing a conductive electrode adjacent the web which is electrically isolated or completely insulated from the machine and surrounding equipment.
  • a charge is present on the moving web of paper, it has been found that this charge induces a like charge in the conductive electrode.
  • charge existent on the moving web of paper and induced in an insulated plate mounted adjacent the web can be aided or maintained at a minimum magniture sufficient for effective deposition of chemicals on the moving web of paper by applying a direct current charge of like sense to the insulated plate.
  • this charge may differ in different paper supply machines, but, for a given machine, its sense does not change. Accordingly, one should first determine whether the charge on the paper is positive or negative and then apply a like charge, which will be additive rather than subtractive, from an external source of DC energy. Obviously, if a charge of opposite polarity were applied, it would simply cancel the charge induced in the plate by the charge of the paper and serve no useful purpose.
  • the drawing schematically illustrates an apparatus, in accordance with the present invention, for depositing a chemical material on a moving web of paper.
  • Paper web is shown moving in the direction of the arrow from a paper supply machine (not shown).
  • Paper web 10 is assumed to have a positive static charge thereon.
  • Mounted below and adjacent paper web 10 is electrically conductive metal plate or electrode 12.
  • Metal plate 12 is preferably about Me in thickness and has a length of from about 6" to about in the direction of movement of the web.
  • the width of the plate is equal to the width of the web or, if less than the full width of the web is to be coated, to the width to be coated.
  • Conductive plate 12 is electrically isolated or insulated from the surrounding sections of the machine or any other items which may be grounded or conductive by insulating legs 14. Legs 14 may be solid or hollow and made of a material such as steatite. Since paper web 10 has a positive electrical charge thereon, a charge of the same sense will be induced in conductive plate 12 as web 10 passes over the plate. Where the charge on web 10 is inadequate in magnitude to supply the necessary minimal charge on plate 12, a charge of like sense may be supplied from an external source of DC energy, such as transformer 16.
  • Transformer 16 is electrically coupled to control unit 18 which is adapted to vary the voltage output of transformer 16 from about 150,000 volts or more down to about 0 volt.
  • the output of the transformer is fed to conductive plate 12 by means of high voltage electrical transmission line 20.
  • control unit 18 a variable and controllable minimum voltage, which is necessary for good chemical deposition, can be maintained on plate 12 by appropriate adjustment of control unit 18.
  • a minimum of about 10,000 volts per linear inch between the point of atomization and the charged plate is necessary for good deposition under normal conditions of operation.
  • a spinning disc atomizer 22 mounted above plate 12 and paper web 10 is a spinning disc atomizer 22.
  • Spinning disc atomizer 22 is of conventional design and is adapted to atomize the chemical material being deposited on web 10.
  • the chemical material which is to be deposited on web 10 is stored in reservoir 24 and is pumped fromreservoir 24 through a flow meter (not shown) to atomizer 22 by pump 26.
  • the chemical to be deposited on web 10, and which is stored in reservoir 24, may be heated when it is desired to deposit a Inaterial which is solid at ambient temperatures but which is deposited in a liquid or semiliquid form.
  • Atomizer 22 is operated by an air turbine 28. Air turbine 28 is supplied with air under pressure from an appropriate air source 30 through metering valve 32.
  • Atomizer 22 is suspended above web 10 by an adjustable rod 34 which is adapted to lower or raise the atomizer head for reasons which will be pointed out hereinafter.
  • atomizer 22 and charged plate 12 form the two plates of an electrical capacitor having the air between the two plates as a dielectric.
  • the magnitude of the lines of force between atomizer 22 and plate 12 can, of course, be varied as dictated by the particular situation by varying the distance between atomizer 22 and plate 12 and/ or varying the charge on plate 12. In any event, however, the distance between head 22 and plate 12 should be from about 2" to 11 for a disc atomizer 1.75" in diameter. It should also be recognized that in order to prevent arcing and direct transmission of electrical energy between atomizer 22 and plate 12, the voltage on plate 12 should not be too high.
  • the distance of plate 12 from conductive or grounded items other then the atomizer 22 should be at least twice the distance between atomizer 22 and plate 12. If the plate 12 and/ or grounded machinery is insulated in some manner with materials, such as a fibrous web impregnated with a resin polymer manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., under the trade name Micarta, nonconductive polytetrafiuoroethylene manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del., under the trade name Teflon, etc., the allowable operating distance from grounded objects and machinery can be reduced considerably.
  • materials such as a fibrous web impregnated with a resin polymer manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., under the trade name Micarta, nonconductive polytetrafiuoroethylene manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del., under the trade name Teflon, etc.
  • the preferred operation of the apparatus takes advantage of the gravitational forces on the atomized particles.
  • the positions of the web 10, the plate 12, and the atomizer 22 may be varied in any desired manner to fit the: particular operational situation.
  • plate 12 and atomizer 22 could be reversed in position, they could be placed at an angle to the web or arranged in any number of other possible configurations, the only criterion being that the web of paper 10 be between the atomizer 22 and the plate 12.
  • the relative position of paper 10 between plate 12 and atomizer 22 can be varied to a considerable extent from a position in actual contact with plate 12 to a position about 1 from spinning disc atomizer 22.
  • the present technique is applicable to any web material.
  • These materials can include textiles, metal foils, plastics, papers, etc., so long as suflicient flexibility to be classifiable as a web.
  • Such web material may be porous or nonporous, provided only that the porosity is not so great as to pass excessive amounts of chemicals therethrough.
  • the technique has been found particularly effective in depositing a wide variey of chemicals on fibrous web materials, such as papers.
  • materials having basis weights as low as tissue and as high as card stock can be treated. Based on reams of 2880 square feet, basis weights of about 3 lbs/ream to about 120 lbs/ream or higher are exemplary. Papers having basis weights Of about 9.0 to 34.6 lbs/ream have been quite effectively treated.
  • Coating can be accomplished in accordance with the present invention with the web moving at speeds anywhere from to about 6000 feet per minute or more, but excellent results are obtained at lower speeds below about 3000 feet per minute.
  • the speed or fiuid flow rate can, of course, be preselected and easily changed to vary the amount of coating material deposited on the web. Therefore, the material can be deposited either as a surface film on the web of material, as is the desired result in most paper coating processes, or suflicient material can be deposited to saturate the web material or deposit the coating material into the structure of the web material.
  • the coating material may be fed to the atomizing means ei.her as a hot or cold liquid or semiliquid. It has been found in accordance with the present invention that coating materials, which are normally solid at ambient temperature, can be liquefied by applying heat to the storage reservoir or the storage reservoir and the liquid supply line.
  • the fluid coating material when fed to the disc-type atomizer, is broken up against the rotating vanes of the disc and is subjected to a high degree of atomization, depending upon the rotational speed or the centrifugal force of the disc. The centrifugal force of the disc disperses the fluid with a suflicient fluid velocity that atomization occurs by friction with the surrounding air.
  • the air turbine operating the atomizing disc can be supplied with compressed air at pressures anywhere from about 1 to about 100 p.s.i.g. It should again be reiterated that the atomizing device accomplishes substantially all of the atomization of the fluid and the degree of atomization is substantially independent of the charge on the electrode.
  • the rotating disc atomizer is also capable of handling both high and low fluid flow rates. It has also been found, in accordance with hte present invention, that the atomizing device herein described when utilized in the apparatus of the present application can handle liquid and semiliquid materials of ext emely high viscosity. Accordingly, most coating materials utilized in the coating of paper need not be diluated, and there is, therefore, no requirement that the web be passed through a heating apparatus to remove excess water or solvent. The necessity of diluting the coating materials, when conventional spray systems are used, not only added the timeconsuming and costly drying step but deleteriously affects many papers.
  • the operating conditions set forth herein are normally such that the material is essentially a semisolid or solid as it strikes the web.
  • This condition of the coating material, as it strikes the Web is apparently also partially responsible for the fact that a film or surface coating is applied as opposed to saturation or deposition into the interior pores of the web material.
  • the method and apparatus of the present application have been used to apply softening and lubricating agents to lightweight paper materials, such as toilet paper and facial tissues.
  • the characteristics of softness and lubricity are formed in the paper by application, to a moving web of the paper, of a thin layer of a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is delivered to the atomizing disc as a liquid, and because of the distance between the atomizing unit and the paper, the material is essentially semisolid when it strikes the web.
  • the very fine particles of surfactant appear to adhere only to the outermost portions of the surface fibers and there is little or no migration of the material into the web and to the inner fibers.
  • the rate of water absorbency of the surfactant treated paper is also increased to a great extent by this treatment when the product is compared with standard lightweight grades of facial and toilet tissue presently marketed.
  • the amount of softener-lubricant deposited on the web may vary anywhere from about 1% to about 4% by weight based on the basis weight of each ream of paper or about 0.20 to about 1.5% by Weight per ply.
  • facial tissue having a basis weight of about 10 pounds per ream requires a surface addition of about 0.075 pound of material per ream of paper to produce a softener application of about 0.75% by weight per ply.
  • the deposition of a mixture of about by weight polyethylene glycol distearate and about 20% by weight polyethylene glycol dilaurate can be carried out as follows:
  • the temperature of the fluid in the storage reservoir, the fluid line and the atomizing device should be maintained at a maximum temperature of about 200 F.
  • the web speed may vary between about 0 and about 3000 feet per minute. Since the web speed determines the period the web is unrolled, the temperature of the coating should be varied to permit good solidification when the speed is changed.
  • the voltage on the charge plate should be maintained at a minimum of about 40,000 volts with a paper to charging plate distance of about A" or greater.
  • An atomizing disc of about 1" diameter or greater can be operated by a turbine supplied with air at a pressure in excess of about 30 p.s.i.g. while pumping coating material there o at a desired rate to apply about 0.75% by weight of chemical, based on web speed, basis weight of the sheet and coating width.
  • the atomizer to charging plate distance can be maintained between about 2" and about 9".
  • the subject coating material was applied to the paper in a surprisingly even manner, being greater than 90% consistent in its coverage, and it was found that or more of the coating material was actually deposited on the paper. This compares with a 60% deposition of coating material accomplished with hydraulic spraying equipment previously used for the same purpose.
  • this coating material was utilized to coat the outermost surfaces of a 2-ply web of 800,000 feet of paper at a paper speed of about 2,000 feet per minute.
  • the basis Weight of the 2-ply paper was about 20 pounds per ream and, therefore, the facial tissue contained about 0.15 pound of the softener-lubricant on the surface of the 2-ply facial web.
  • a perfume was also incorporated in the softener-lubricant material. Both texturized and untexturized products of the character specified were treated.
  • the voltage applied to the charging plate was about 60,000 volts for the 2,000 feet per minute web speed; the web width and, therefore, the charging plate width was about 8%"; the softener-lubricant was maintained at a temperature of about 200 F. as it was supplied to an atomizing disc about 1.75 in diameter; the atomizing disc was operated by a turbine supplied with air at about 60 p.s.i.g.; paper to atomizing disc distance was about 7"; and, the paper to charging plate distance was about A".
  • One outstanding property of the product manufactured in accordance with the present invention was the absorbency rate of water by the tissue.
  • the following chart compares the rate of absorbency of the treated product with untreated product and competitive products.
  • a second outstanding property of the product produced in this test was the surface friction or lubricity of the product.
  • the following table summarizes surface friction measurements of the treated product and untreated product and competitive products.
  • Increase in number indicates an increase in surface friction between test sample and test surface.
  • the product treated in accordance with the present invention was also found to have many other desirable properties, such as, a minimum tendency to migrate, resistance to oxidation and other deterioration with age, and a cooling effect.
  • softener-lubricants include zinc stearate, aluminum stearate, sodium stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, spermaceti, steryl alcohol, Carbowax, palmitic acid, oleic acid, mineral oil, tallow glyceride, di-stearyl methyl amine, primary and secondary fatty amines, petrolatums, lanolin derivatives, glycerin, etc.
  • the present invention has also been utilized to deposit rewetting agents to nonabsorbent papers having a wide range of basis weights from about 9.5 pounds per ream to about 35 pounds per ream and to nonwoven web materials having essentially the same basis Weights.
  • Such rewetting or change of the interfacial surface tensions of nonabsorbent web materials can be accomplished by the application of nonionic, cationic and anionic surfactants.
  • a nonionic surfactant is Igepal CO-630 (an alkyl phelol+ethylene oxide)
  • a suitable anionic surfactant is Gafac RS-710 (a complex organic phosphate ester-free acid)
  • a cationic surfactant is exemplified by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
  • Emulsan A67 nonionic, polyethylene oxide adduct with long chain fatty acids
  • Larosol 2-8 nonionic
  • Napco DE-l 15 nonionic, ethoxylated fatty acid
  • Piotron K-31-S nonionic, polyoxyethylene ethers of nonphenol and polyoxypro-pylene-polyoxyethylene glycols
  • Sandrol 200 CG nonionic, coconut oil alkanol-amide
  • Sterox CD nonionic, polyoxyethylene ester of tall oil
  • Sulfonic LF-S nonionic, fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide adduct
  • Synthrapol RWP nonionic
  • Triton X-100 nonionic, alkyl alcohol aryl polyether
  • Estranol FTS amphoteric, sodium sulfonic acid salts of carboxylic acid esters.
  • Materials similar to the rewetting agents may also be applied to heavy absorbent grades of paper having basis weights ranging from about 17 to about 35 pounds per ream.
  • a detergent such as, an alkyl sulfonate
  • the concentration of detergent is generally in the range of about 30% to by Weight of the ream of paper.
  • the voltage on the charging plate can be maintained at a minimum of about 40,000 volts with a paper to charging plate distance of about A" to about 1.
  • the atomizer may be a disc-type atomizer about 1" or more in diameter operated by an air turbine supplied with air at about 30 p.s.i.g. or more. An atomizer to paper distance of about 2" to about 9 may be used and a web speed anywhere from 0 to 3,000 feet per minute can be employed.
  • the fluid reservoir, the fluid flow line, and the atomizer should be maintained between about 70 and about F. for detergent application.
  • the temperature is primarily selected so as to suitably control flow. Rewetting agents can be applied economically at rates up to about 0.22% by weight per ream while detergent application preferably averages about 48% by weight. per ream.
  • Gafac RS-710 0 15. 8 31. 9 71. 5 308. 5 0. 05 13. 1 33. 7 72. 3 260. 8 0. 10 10. 4 22. 8 33. 9 61. 6 0. 15 6. 1 10. 5 26.8 40. 0 0.20 6. 4 9.1 20.8 31. 4 0.30 5. 7 7. 0 16. 8 28.1 0. 50 5. 9 6. 2 15. 8 25. 9
  • Runs were also made utilizing the mixture of Igepal CO630 plus 3% optical brightener to treat the fresh paper stock while varying the operating conditions of an apparatus having two atomizers.
  • the basic conditions were: a voltage of about 60,000 volts; a turbine air pressure of about 40 p.s.i.g.; a web speed of about 2,000 feet per minute; a fluid flow rate of about 0.6 gallon per hour; a fluid temperature of about 77 F.; a disc size of about 1%"; a paper to plate distance of about A"; a paper to disc distance of about 7"; and an edge to edge distance between heads of about 2".
  • the air pressure to the atomizer turbine was varied from about 0 to p.s.i.g. It was found in this series of tests that the degree or fineness of atomization of the coating material depended almost exclusively upon the speed at which the atomizing disc was operated. Accordingly, close control of the degree of atomization can be accomplished simply by varying the air pressure to the turbine. Excellent coverage and deposition was obtained at air pressures of about 30 to about 50 p.s.i.g.
  • the flow rate of liquid to the atomizer was varied between about 0.01 and about 2.75 gallons per hour. Over the range investigated, no undesirable streaking or overlapping was observed. Varying the flow rate simply varied the amount of material deposited, and, irrespective of flow rate, the material was distributed evenly.
  • Voltage applied to the charging plate was varied between about 20,000 and about 80,000 volts. It was found that a voltage range of about 30,000 to about 60,000 volts is necessary at web speeds up to about 2,000 feet er minute. It was also concluded that voltages above this range such as 70,000 volts and 80,000 volts, could 13 be conveniently utilized but are not necessary for effective operation of the equipment.
  • the paper to charging plate distance was also varied from about A" to about 2". This was found to be a suitable range for operation of the process while distances outside this range gave less desirable results.
  • the paper to atomizer disc distance was also varied from about 2" to about 9". It was found that at a minimum distance of about 2", a lower voltage was required to obtain even distribution and efficient deposition of the coating material. The higher distances required a higher voltage. Preferably, a distance of about 4" to about 9" is used.
  • Tests were made while varying the speed of the web from about 250 to about 2,000 feet per minute. All speeds in this range were found to produce products having a small particle size coating. Speeds above this range are also acceptable and eflicient.
  • the present technique was also compared with a conventional hydraulic spray system, presently in use on a commercial basis, under essentially parallel conditions.
  • Synthrapol RWP plus about 3% by weight of an optical brightener was applied to the previously-mentioned fresh towel stock.
  • the rewetting agent application rate was about 0.219% by weight, the temperature of the coating material was maintained at about 77 F., and the paper to distributor distance at about 7".
  • the web speed was about 2,000 feet per minute when utilizing a charged plate (about 60,000 volts), and about 1,500 feet per minute when using a hydraulic spray.
  • the disc-type atomizer was operated by a turbine utilizing an air pressure of about 35 p.s.i.g., and the hydraulic spray system utilized a fluid pressure of about 35 p.s.i.g.
  • the superiority of the present technique was evident.
  • the hydraulic spray showed clear evidence of nonuniform coverage, streaking, pattern overlap, and partial atomization.
  • the present technique resulted in uniform distribution, a high degree of atomization and no pattern overlap or streaking.
  • the present technique deposited about 95% of the coating material while the hydraulic system deposited about 50%.
  • the hydraulic system also requires that the coating material be diluted by about 50% and, therefore, also requries drying after deposition.
  • the average amount of rewetting agent deposited in the hydraulic spray test was about 59.4%, while that obtained in accordance with the present invention was at least about in all tests, and averaged 94.5%.
  • a second set of comparative tests was made utilizing the previously mentioned hydraulic spray system and the system of the present invention to apply rewetting agent in amounts ranging from about 0.05% to 0.219% by weight, to a paper having a basis weight between about 31.6 and 32.4 pounds per ream.
  • the web speed was approximately 1480 to 15 30 feet per minute.
  • Fluid temperature was between about 83 F. and 91 F.
  • the distance between the distributing head and the paper was about 5 /2".
  • the flow rate when utilizing the atomizer system of this invention varied between about 4.73 and 18.3 cc. per minute per disc, while the flow rate for the hydraulic system varied from about 0.84 to about 3.79 gallons per hour.
  • the air turbine operating the spinning disc atomizer, of the present invention utilized air pressures between about 40 and 50 p.s.i.g. Plate voltage in the present system was maintained at about 60,000 volts.
  • the deposition etficiencies and web voltages were about 89.7% at about 13,646 volts, about 93.3% at about 18,020 volts, about 96.3% at about 19,600 volts, and about 98.4% at about 22,546 volts. In all cases the charge plate voltage was 500,000 volts. When the web voltage was essentially and no voltage was applied to the plate, the efiiciency was about 41.5% and streaking and nonuniformity were present.
  • the present invention has also been utilized in the application of functional organic coatings, such as starch solutions, polyethylene emulsions and the like, to converting grades of paper having a basis weight in the range of 34 pounds per ream to 100 pounds per ream.
  • functional organic coatings such as starch solutions, polyethylene emulsions and the like
  • These materials are applied as a sizing agent and are generally applied by size presses or dip coaters, as previously discussed in connection with the application of detergents. Consequently, the same problems exist in the prior art.
  • the web was normally completely saturated with the size material when only a thin surface coating is desired. To apply a thin surface coating, in the present instance, it is desirable to maintain the speed above about 250 feet per minute.
  • substantial savings are effected since the conventional size press and dip coating operations have highly restricted speeds because of the tendency to foam.
  • the disc size was at least about 1 in diameter.
  • the paper to charging plate distance should be about A to about 1" and the disc to paper distance between about 2 and 4".
  • the sizing fluid is maintained at a temperature of about 77 F. Under these conditions, applications of sizing material between about 5 and 25% by weight can be obtained.
  • the present invention was also found quite effective in the deposition of latex on 2-ply facial tissue. Amounts of latex in the range of about 1 to were applied with no plugging of the atomizer. Good atomization of the coating material was obtained with no significant loss of material and a very uniform web coverage resulted. Because of the nature of latex, some drying is also needed.
  • a water-dispersible lecithin material was applied to the dull side of a web of aluminum foil.
  • about 0.5 pound per ream of coating material was applied, and good results were obtained so long as the aluminum did not contact the charging plate.
  • the coating material was an aqueous solution, the efliciency of deposition was poor. This, of course, could be significantly improved by the addition of a nonaqueous or insulating liquid. As in the previous instance, drying of the coated product is necessary.
  • a method for applying a surface coating to a web of material as said web travels past the point of application, said web in its travel having an electrical charge induced on it by machine friction comprising:
  • the coating material contains a nonconductive additive adapted to reduc the dielectric constant of the coating material to a value substantially lower than that of water.

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US3625743A (en) * 1967-12-12 1971-12-07 Tamotsu Watanabe Method for impregnating running paper with moisture
US4089765A (en) * 1973-12-14 1978-05-16 Canada Wire And Cable Limited Electroimpregnation of paper and non-woven fabrics
US4147836A (en) * 1978-03-28 1979-04-03 American Can Company Polyester coated paperboard for forming food containers and process for producing the same
FR2473407A1 (fr) * 1980-01-09 1981-07-17 Mgaloblishwili Juza Procede de realisation de revetements polymeres sur un dielectrique en rouleau et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4489672A (en) * 1981-01-05 1984-12-25 Polaroid Corporation Apparatus for coating semiconductive material
US4513683A (en) * 1981-01-05 1985-04-30 Polaroid Corporation Coating uniformity improvement apparatus
USRE32270E (en) * 1978-03-28 1986-10-28 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Polyester coated paperboard for forming food containers and process for producing the same
US5164046A (en) * 1989-01-19 1992-11-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making soft tissue paper using polysiloxane compound
US5215626A (en) * 1991-07-19 1993-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for applying a polysiloxane to tissue paper
US5227242A (en) * 1989-02-24 1993-07-13 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multifunctional facial tissue
US5246545A (en) * 1992-08-27 1993-09-21 Procter & Gamble Company Process for applying chemical papermaking additives from a thin film to tissue paper
US5246546A (en) * 1992-08-27 1993-09-21 Procter & Gamble Company Process for applying a thin film containing polysiloxane to tissue paper
US5605605A (en) * 1992-03-02 1997-02-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for treating and sizing paper substrates
US5783043A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Christensen; Leif Paper coating apparatus
US5814188A (en) * 1996-12-31 1998-09-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper having a surface deposited substantive softening agent
US5851352A (en) * 1997-05-12 1998-12-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft multi-ply tissue paper having a surface deposited strengthening agent
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US5980919A (en) * 1997-11-10 1999-11-09 Potlatch Corporation Emollient compositions and methods of application to a substrate by electrostatic spraying
US6117525A (en) * 1996-06-14 2000-09-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-elevational tissue paper containing selectively disposed chemical papermaking additive
US6136147A (en) * 1994-08-01 2000-10-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for applying debonding materials to a tissue
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US20060121814A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a low surface energy additive
US20060121207A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Prodoehl Michael S Process for making a fibrous structure comprising an additive
US20060121278A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Vinson Kenneth D Fibrous structures comprising a nanoparticle additive
US20060134384A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-22 Vinson Kenneth D Fibrous structures comprising a solid additive
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US9289329B1 (en) 2013-12-05 2016-03-22 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Method for producing pant type diapers
US9387131B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2016-07-12 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for minimizing waste and improving quality and production in web processing operations by automated threading and re-threading of web materials
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US4089765A (en) * 1973-12-14 1978-05-16 Canada Wire And Cable Limited Electroimpregnation of paper and non-woven fabrics
US4147836A (en) * 1978-03-28 1979-04-03 American Can Company Polyester coated paperboard for forming food containers and process for producing the same
USRE32270E (en) * 1978-03-28 1986-10-28 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Polyester coated paperboard for forming food containers and process for producing the same
FR2473407A1 (fr) * 1980-01-09 1981-07-17 Mgaloblishwili Juza Procede de realisation de revetements polymeres sur un dielectrique en rouleau et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4489672A (en) * 1981-01-05 1984-12-25 Polaroid Corporation Apparatus for coating semiconductive material
US4513683A (en) * 1981-01-05 1985-04-30 Polaroid Corporation Coating uniformity improvement apparatus
US5164046A (en) * 1989-01-19 1992-11-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making soft tissue paper using polysiloxane compound
US5227242A (en) * 1989-02-24 1993-07-13 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multifunctional facial tissue
US5215626A (en) * 1991-07-19 1993-06-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for applying a polysiloxane to tissue paper
US5605605A (en) * 1992-03-02 1997-02-25 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for treating and sizing paper substrates
US5709776A (en) * 1992-03-02 1998-01-20 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for treating and sizing paper substrates
US5246545A (en) * 1992-08-27 1993-09-21 Procter & Gamble Company Process for applying chemical papermaking additives from a thin film to tissue paper
US5246546A (en) * 1992-08-27 1993-09-21 Procter & Gamble Company Process for applying a thin film containing polysiloxane to tissue paper
US6136147A (en) * 1994-08-01 2000-10-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for applying debonding materials to a tissue
US5783043A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Christensen; Leif Paper coating apparatus
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US5814188A (en) * 1996-12-31 1998-09-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft tissue paper having a surface deposited substantive softening agent
US5851352A (en) * 1997-05-12 1998-12-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Soft multi-ply tissue paper having a surface deposited strengthening agent
US6468392B2 (en) * 1997-09-26 2002-10-22 Fort James Corporation Soft chemi-mechanically embossed absorbent paper product and method of making same
US5980919A (en) * 1997-11-10 1999-11-09 Potlatch Corporation Emollient compositions and methods of application to a substrate by electrostatic spraying
EP0919288A2 (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 Nordson Corporation Electrostatic dispensing apparatus and method
EP0919288A3 (en) * 1997-11-25 2003-10-08 Nordson Corporation Electrostatic dispensing apparatus and method
US6376024B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2002-04-23 Hurletron, Incorporated Web processing with electrostatic cooling
US6435094B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2002-08-20 Hurletron, Incorporated Web processing with electrostatic moistening
US6299685B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2001-10-09 Hurletron, Incorporated Web processing with electrostatic moistening
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US7703599B2 (en) 2004-04-19 2010-04-27 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Method and apparatus for reversing direction of an article
US7861756B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2011-01-04 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Staggered cutting knife
US7708849B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2010-05-04 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for cutting elastic strands between layers of carrier webs
US7640962B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2010-01-05 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Multiple tape application method and apparatus
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US7638014B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2009-12-29 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Method of producing a pants-type diaper
US7537215B2 (en) 2004-06-15 2009-05-26 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Method and apparatus for securing stretchable film using vacuum
US20060134384A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-22 Vinson Kenneth D Fibrous structures comprising a solid additive
US20060121278A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Vinson Kenneth D Fibrous structures comprising a nanoparticle additive
US20060121814A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a low surface energy additive
US8398821B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2013-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a low surface energy additive
US7208429B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2007-04-24 The Procter + Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a nonoparticle additive
US7459179B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2008-12-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a fibrous structure comprising an additive
US7976679B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2011-07-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a low surface energy additive
US20060121207A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Prodoehl Michael S Process for making a fibrous structure comprising an additive
US7811403B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2010-10-12 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Transverse tab application method and apparatus
US7452436B2 (en) 2005-03-09 2008-11-18 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Transverse tape application method and apparatus
US8007484B2 (en) 2005-04-01 2011-08-30 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Pants type product and method of making the same
US7618513B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2009-11-17 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Web stabilization on a slip and cut applicator
US7533709B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2009-05-19 Curt G. Joa, Inc. High speed vacuum porting
US20060265867A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-11-30 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Use of ultrasonic horn to mechanically secure hooks to a smooth material web
US20070148365A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 Knox David E Process and apparatus for coating paper
US7770712B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2010-08-10 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Article transfer and placement apparatus with active puck
US9622918B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2017-04-18 Curt G. Joe, Inc. Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web
US8293056B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2012-10-23 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Trim removal system
US9433538B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2016-09-06 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web and formation of articles using a dual cut slip unit
US10456302B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2019-10-29 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Methods and apparatus for application of nested zero waste ear to traveling web
US7780052B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2010-08-24 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Trim removal system
US9550306B2 (en) 2007-02-21 2017-01-24 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Single transfer insert placement and apparatus with cross-direction insert placement control
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US9387131B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2016-07-12 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for minimizing waste and improving quality and production in web processing operations by automated threading and re-threading of web materials
US8398793B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2013-03-19 Curt G. Joa, Inc. Apparatus and method for minimizing waste and improving quality and production in web processing operations
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1126539A (en) 1968-09-05
LU51122A1 (da) 1966-07-18
DK123338B (da) 1972-06-12
NL6606746A (da) 1966-11-18
DE1646093A1 (de) 1971-07-22
BE681169A (da) 1966-11-17
SE303677B (da) 1968-09-02
NO119826B (da) 1970-07-06
ES326801A1 (es) 1967-03-16

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