US3483840A - Mast assembly for sailing vessels - Google Patents

Mast assembly for sailing vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3483840A
US3483840A US720498A US3483840DA US3483840A US 3483840 A US3483840 A US 3483840A US 720498 A US720498 A US 720498A US 3483840D A US3483840D A US 3483840DA US 3483840 A US3483840 A US 3483840A
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Prior art keywords
mast
sail
boltropes
yards
sails
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Expired - Lifetime
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US720498A
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English (en)
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Wilhelm Prolss
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like

Definitions

  • the masts are of at least three-strut construction
  • a mast of tripod construction should be provided on the deck of the ship with a pivot mount of a relatively large diameter which will obstruct the arrangement of extremely long hatches, for example, on cargo vessels.
  • Pivot mounts, winches and furled sails are not covered and, therefore, are exposed to sea water, corrosion, atmospheric influences and ice-formation, depending upon individual conditions.
  • the winch has to take care of twelve to sixteen ropes per sail; and since, as mentioned, the furled sails remain in the open' they still cause residual drag.
  • the present invention relates to a sailing vessel mast Patented Dec. 16, 1969 ice which has curved yards rigidly secured thereto and is turnable about a vertical axis and inclinable in a manner such that the surfaces of the furlable or reefable sails horizontally guided between the yards are still substantially vertical during normal heel of the ship; and it is a characteristic feature of the invention that the sails are furlable or reefable by winding the same upon rotatable drums or the like positioned within the masts which are hollow, the axis of rotation of each drum being substantially parallel to the axis of the respective mast.
  • the mast may have an elliptical cross-section, the transverse axis of which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the yards.
  • the latter has a vertical slot at its front.
  • the sail is drawn onto its drum by reef lines at the start of the reefing operation, the reef lines being connected to the boltropes of the sail approximately at the center thereof, the boltropes being guided by the yards.
  • each of the reef lines extends to the associated boltrope between a pair of guide rollers which are disposed laterally of a central cut-out portion in a boltrope-guiding channel of the respective yard, and over which roller the boltrope passes during furling and setting of the sail.
  • the boltropes may pass through trough-like guide means when travelling from the area of the boltrope-guiding rollers to the drum, the trough-like guide means being mounted for pivotal movement in a vertical plane.
  • the boltropes of the sails may be helically wound upon the drums and, for example, may be inserted in helical grooves on the drums, the upper boltropes ascending and the lower boltropes descending on the drums during reeling.
  • the pivotal movement of the trough-like guide means may be positively controlled, e.g., by means of a threaded spindle, to insure that the boltropes will be properly wound and deposited in the helical grooves of the drums.
  • a pair of boltropes may be attached to each guided edge of the sail in a manner such that the edge is sandwiched therebetween.
  • the boltropes are preferably of round cross-section, but a rectangular shape may be used if desired. These ropes serve as shoulders engaging the walls of the channels in the yards to carry and secure the sails.
  • the sheets which serve for this purpose may likewise be wound on the drum and unwound therefrom.
  • tension rollers which may be subject to the action of forces exerted by springs or other auxiliary means, for example, pneumatic or hydraulic devices.
  • the lower mast portion mounted in the hull is preferably inclined forwardly of the vessel in a vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the vessel.
  • the mast is turnable by means of a lower bearing and an upper collar or journal hearing, but mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic means are provided for locking the mast in the desired position. Since the bearing axis at the lower portion of the mast is inclined towards the bow of the vessel and, therefore, an angle is formed between the bearing axis and the main axis of the mast, it is achieved that the surface of the braced-up sail will be approximately vertical even during heel of the vessel, and that sail surface and weight will shift towards the weather-side, i.e., wind-ward, during bracing.
  • the construction of the mast of a sailing vessel in accordance with the invention will result in a higher aerodynamic propulsion effect and in decreased drag, that is, improved voyage efficiency.
  • All driving and operating elements are disposed in the interior of the mast or hull so as to be protected from the influence of weather, and it is even possible to heat the interior of the mast.
  • Relatively pure or dry air may be drawn from the interior of the hollow mast for use in connection with air conditioning systems, motors and turbines.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a mast according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic cross-section illustrating the manner in which the sail is guided in the yard by means of double boltropes;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the mechanism for setting and furling the sails
  • FIG. 5 illustrates means for guiding the boltropes while they are wound on the drum in the mast
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-section taken along line BB of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a horizontal section illustrating the tightening device for sheets of the sails
  • FIG. 8 is a partial front view of a mast having four yards in accordance with the invention, the sails arranged between the yards being shown in different reefing positions;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic perspective cross-section through a special arangement for guiding the edges of sails in channels of the masts or yards.
  • a mast 1 is mounted in the hull 2 of a vessel or ship and in a deckhouse 3 by means of a lower bearing 4 and a collar or journal bearing 5, respectively.
  • An angle 6 is formed between the inclined lower portion and the upper vertical portion of the mast. Consequently, when the mast is turned (braced) together with all the yards 10 rigidly secured thereto, the entire surface of the sails will tend to incline to windward and toward the bow of the vessel, the yards tending to ascend from windward to lee at an oblique angle. Since, however, the vessel will simultaneously list to lee while the lateral component of the force of the wind is increased by the bracing operation, the surface of the sails will again be approximately vertical and the yards will again be disposed approximately horizontally, provided the angle 6 is selected in conformity with the average heel angle of the vessel. These conditions have a favorable effect upon the over-all efiiciency of the rigging.
  • FIG. 2 shows a streamlined cross-section 9 of the mast 1 having the yard 10 and a connecting guide member 11 secured thereto, which latter member accommodates suitable reef lines (described later) and subsequently the boltropes of the sails during reefing and setting operations, the boltropes and sails being pulled through a slot 12 at fl1e front side of the mast.
  • Openings 13 betwen mast 1 and connecting member 1 1 serve for the passage of sheets, etc., and for inspection of the interior of the mast.
  • FIG. 3 The cross-section through a yard 10 shown in FIG. 3 illustrates a pair of boltropes 14 which are attached to the edge 15 of the sail 16 by sewing or the like in a manner such that the edge 15 is sandwiched therebetween.
  • a flexible slide element 28 (FIG. 9) of T-shaped crosssection which may comprise, for example, resistant artificial material.
  • This slide element may be reinforced (prepared for ready use) e.g., by inserts or filler material 29 of textile fabric comprising suitable fibers such as artificial fibars or threads, or may be built up entirely from such fibers or threads in braided form or the like by weaving or any other suitable manufacturing process.
  • FIG. 4 which is a diagrammatic view of the mechanism for setting and furling the sails, the yards and the respective portion of the mast have been omitted for reasons of simplicity.
  • Sail 16 is provided with an upper boltrope 14 and a lower boltrope 14' which are both movable in corresponding guide channels of the yards 10 (see FIG. 3).
  • a reeling drum 17 is disposed within the mast behind the sail and is rotatable in opposite directions by suitable driving means.
  • Each of the channels guiding the boltropes has a portion cut-out in the direction towards the mast and located at the center of the yard, and the central portion of each of the boltropes 14, 14 is connected to the coordinated drum 17 by a pair of take-in or reef lines 20, 20'.
  • Pairs of rollers 21, 21' are arranged immediately adjacent to the edges of the portions cut away from the boltrope-guiding channels of the yards, the rollers 21, 21 of each pair being positioned at opposite sides of the respective reef line 20, 20.
  • the sail is again set by reversing the direction of rota- I tion of the drum 17 so that the sheets 18, 18 will draw the boltropes .14, 14 into the guide channels of the yards 10 until the sail reaches the position shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-section through the arrangement and indicates the manner in which the double boltropes 14 are disposed in the guide member 22.
  • each of the guide member 22, 22 Adjacent to the rollers 21, 21' each of the guide member 22, 22 is mounted on a pivot 23, while the other end of the guide member is movable upwards and downwards as indicated at 24, for example, by means of a threaded spindle (not shown).
  • the purpose of the guide member is to direct the boltropes so that they will be wound helically on the drum, which requires travel through the distance h in the axial direction of the drum with respect to the upper boltrope 14 as well as the lower boltrope 14.
  • the height of the sail 16 at its center has been made smaller by twice the distance 12 than the height at its outer lateral edges or leeches.
  • the shape of the sail is likewis adapted to the taperingshape of the yards, the height of which decreases towards the outer portions thereof, that is, towards the yardarms.
  • FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of the drum 17 and rollers 21 in the body of mast 1 and in the connecting member 11 adjacent to the yard, respectively.
  • the sheets 18 pass over tightening or tension rollers 25 which in turn are subject to the action of extension springs 26.
  • This arrangement will compensate for minor differences in the reeling radius with respect to the sheets and boltropes. Studs or rods 27 or other travel-limiting means render it possible that during the setting of sails the entire pull exerted by the drum is transmitted through the sheets to the boltropes, independently of the dimensions of the springs.
  • FIG. 8 the uppermost sail is entirely furled in the interior of the mast, th intermediate sail is shown half set, and the lowermost sail is shown completely set.
  • FIG. 9 which has been explained hereinbefore illustrates a sail-guiding device which is suitable for general use in connection with guide channels in masts and yards, and thus the application thereof is not limited to mast assemblies as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8.
  • the inserts 29 of textile fabric serve for reinforcement.
  • Suitable synthetic materials for the slide element 28 are, for example, polytetrafluor ethylene.
  • the inserts 29 of textile fabric may consist of fibrous threads such as polyester.
  • a set of sails as shown in FIG. 8 will be wound on a corresponding number of individual drums, each of which may be driven, for example, by a separate hydraulic motor.
  • a sailing vessel at least one hollow mast, a plurality of spaced curved yards rigidly secured to said mast, at least one reefable sail adapted to be guided by adjacent spaced yards for substantially horizontal movement therebetween, said mast being turnable about a generally vertical axis and inclinable so as to maintain the surface of said sail in a substantially vertical plane during normal heel of said vessel, rotatable means arranged in the interior of said hollow mast and having an axis of rotation substantially parallel to the axis of said mast, and means for winding said sail on said rotatable means and unwinding it therefrom to furl and set said sail, respectively.
  • a sailing vessel as claimed in claim 4 including boltropes attached to said sail and guided by said yards, and a reef line connected to each of said boltropes approximately at the center of the latter for pulling said sail onto said drum at the start of a reefing operation.
  • a sailing vessel as claimed in claim 8 including means for helically winding said upper and lower boltropes upon said rotatable means in a manner such that said upper boltrope ascends on said rotatable means and said lower boltrope descends thereon during winding.
  • a sailing vessel as claimed in claim 9, wherein said rotatable means comprises a drum having helical guide grooves therein.
  • a sailing vessel as claimed in claim 1 including sheets connected to said sail and said rotatable means, said sheets being adapted to be wound upon said rotatable means for setting said sail.
  • a sailing vessel as claimed in claim 13 including at least one channel in said yards for guiding said sail, and a flexible slide element of substantially T-shaped cross-section attached to said sail at one edge thereof for engaging said channel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Mechanical Means For Catching Fish (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
US720498A 1967-04-22 1968-04-11 Mast assembly for sailing vessels Expired - Lifetime US3483840A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP0041973 1967-04-22

Publications (1)

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US3483840A true US3483840A (en) 1969-12-16

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US720498A Expired - Lifetime US3483840A (en) 1967-04-22 1968-04-11 Mast assembly for sailing vessels

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US (1) US3483840A (cs)
FR (1) FR1569855A (cs)
GB (1) GB1217587A (cs)
NL (1) NL157563B (cs)
SE (1) SE373544B (cs)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3795215A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-03-05 F Butler Mast structure
US3835804A (en) * 1973-02-01 1974-09-17 P Jackson Sail furling
US3841251A (en) * 1973-09-17 1974-10-15 R Larson Sailboat
US3948199A (en) * 1973-05-10 1976-04-06 Gilbert Lamboley Tubular metal mast for the rigging of a sailing boat
US4061101A (en) * 1977-02-23 1977-12-06 Gregory Edward Cook Sail furling apparatus
US4480570A (en) * 1982-10-05 1984-11-06 Metalmast Marine, Inc. Mainsail furling mast assembly and mast construction therefor
WO2015094638A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Hobie Cat Company Cantilevered sail rig
CN108347012A (zh) * 2018-04-11 2018-07-31 大连船舶重工集团舵轴有限公司 风帆电缆敷设装置

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3316139A1 (de) * 1983-05-03 1984-11-08 Hartmut Berthold 2000 Norderstedt Schwarz Segelschiff
FR2561613B1 (fr) * 1984-03-23 1986-07-04 Estoueig Pierre Commandes conjuguees de voilures pour orientation et variation de surface
US4591343A (en) * 1985-04-10 1986-05-27 Schaumann Peter H Walker-sailor watercraft
FR2589424B1 (fr) * 1985-10-31 1987-12-18 Baju Jean Louis Dispositif de propulsion eolienne, notamment pour embarcations ou navires, ce dispositif comportant au moins un element de voilure coulissant le long d'elements de guidage horizontaux
CZ291300B6 (cs) * 1997-04-10 2003-01-15 Fred A. Wagner Iii. Zataľitelná nosná plocha pro letoun s pevnými křídly
FR3017596A1 (fr) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-21 Christian Leviel Ralingue d'ancrage
US20180127075A1 (en) 2016-10-15 2018-05-10 Alistair JOHNSON Tig rig sail system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US94277A (en) * 1869-08-31 Improvement in ttjeling and reeting- sails
US130788A (en) * 1872-08-27 Improvement in spring bed-bottoms
US2561253A (en) * 1946-05-17 1951-07-17 Wells-Coates Wells Wintemute Sailing craft

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US94277A (en) * 1869-08-31 Improvement in ttjeling and reeting- sails
US130788A (en) * 1872-08-27 Improvement in spring bed-bottoms
US2561253A (en) * 1946-05-17 1951-07-17 Wells-Coates Wells Wintemute Sailing craft

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3795215A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-03-05 F Butler Mast structure
US3835804A (en) * 1973-02-01 1974-09-17 P Jackson Sail furling
US3948199A (en) * 1973-05-10 1976-04-06 Gilbert Lamboley Tubular metal mast for the rigging of a sailing boat
US3841251A (en) * 1973-09-17 1974-10-15 R Larson Sailboat
US4061101A (en) * 1977-02-23 1977-12-06 Gregory Edward Cook Sail furling apparatus
US4480570A (en) * 1982-10-05 1984-11-06 Metalmast Marine, Inc. Mainsail furling mast assembly and mast construction therefor
WO2015094638A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Hobie Cat Company Cantilevered sail rig
CN108347012A (zh) * 2018-04-11 2018-07-31 大连船舶重工集团舵轴有限公司 风帆电缆敷设装置
CN108347012B (zh) * 2018-04-11 2023-10-24 大连船舶重工集团有限公司 风帆电缆敷设装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1506774B2 (de) 1972-06-15
NL157563B (nl) 1978-08-15
SE373544B (sv) 1975-02-10
DE1506774A1 (de) 1969-10-30
NL6805634A (cs) 1968-10-23
FR1569855A (cs) 1969-06-06
GB1217587A (en) 1970-12-31

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