Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
  • C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
  • C08G18/6648—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
  • D01F6/70—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyurethanes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S528/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
  • Y10S528/903—Polymerizing or processing an isocyanate under substantially anhydrous conditions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S528/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
  • Y10S528/906—Fiber or elastomer prepared from an isocyanate reactant

Definitions

• This invention relates to the preparation of polyurethane spinning solutions and to rubbery elastic filaments and fibers from segmented polyurethane-polyurea elastorners which are resistant to gel formation when dissolved in polyacrylonitrile solvents.
• polyesters containing hydroxyl groups and diisocyanates may be reacted at elevated temperatures to produce NCO-containing polymers which can then be reacted in polyacrylonitrile solvents with ethylene diamine at temperatures below C. to produce high molecular weight polyurethane-polyurea adducts.
• the filaments obtainable from these solutions by spinning have good general physical and elastic properties.
• One feature of the production of filaments on industrial scale is the relatively short time within. which these solutions undergo gel formation, and spinning becomes impossible. This process has been found to be particularly advantageous in the case of solutions having viscosities of '600 to 1,000 poises at 20 C. However, one must be able to store solutions having such viscosities 3,481,905 Patented Dec. 2, 1969 for over a week under normal industrial conditions rather than only for the production of filaments by the dry spinning process.
• spinning solutions for the preparation of spandex fibers by reacting in a polar solvent for polyacrylonitrile an NCO containing prepolymer with a mixture of ethylene diamine and l-amino-3-aminomethyl- 3,5,S-trimethyl-cyclohexane.
• the prepolymer is prepared by reacting a substantially linear polyester having terminal hydroxyl groups and a molecular Weight of from about 1,600 to about 2,600 with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate in a ratio of NCO to OH of from about 1.5 :1 to about 1.95:1.
• the highly viscous spinning solutions are subsequently formed into elastic filaments by the wet or dry spinning process.
• a substantially linear polyester containing hydroxyl groups and having a molecular weight of about 1,600 to about 2,600, preferably about 1,700 to about 2,100 is reacted in the melt or in inert solvents, such as, methylene dichloride, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, benzene or chlorobenzene, and if desired in admixture with low molecular weight diols having one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms, with diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate at a temperature below C.
• the ratio of NCO to OH groups in the components used in this reaction should be from about 1.5 to l to about 1.95 to 1 in order that prepolymers having free NCO groups will be produced.
• the linear polyesters containing terminal hydroxyl groups are prepared by condensing a dicarboxylic acid and one or more diols at elevated temperature.
• the acid numbers of the polyesters are generally below 8, preferably 0 to 3.
• the melting point of the polyesters is preferably below about 60 C. because otherwise the elastic properties of the end-products will be impaired, especially at low temperatures, and the tendency of the polymers to gel in solution will also be adversely affected.
• Any suitable dicarboxylic acid may be used in the production of these polyesters, such as, for example, succinic acid, ad-ipi acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, thiodibutyric acid, sulfonyldibutyric acid and the like.
• Any suitable diols may be used, such as, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, butane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, hexahydro-p-xylyleneglycol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol, 2,2-diethylpropane-1,3-diol, the hydroxyalkylation products of the above glycols and the like.
• Polyesters of lactones, e.g. e-caprolactone may also be used as starting materials.
• polyesters prepared in this way are highly reactive components, it is quite customary to deactivate them with small quantities of dioxane/SO adduct, benzoyl chloride or traces of hydrogen chloride before they are reacted with diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate.
• any suitable low molecular weight diols containing one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms may, if desired, be mixed into the polyester, such as, for example, the bishydroxyalkylation products of primary and disecondary amines with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide, and have a molecular weight below 500, such as, for example, N-methyl-diethanolamine, N-butyl-diethanolamine, N-cyclohexyl-diethanolamine, N,N-di-(b-hydroxyethyl) -N,N'-diethylhexahydro-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-
• the quantity of diols having one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms should be so calculated that the amount of tertiary nitrogen atoms, based on the finished elastomer substance, does not exceed 200 milliequivalents/Kg, and preferably only 80 to 150 milliequivalents of tertiary nitrogen are present per kilogram of elastomer product.
• the NCO-containing prepolymers obtained in the melt are added slowly, with stirring, at temperatures below about 35 C. and preferably below about 25 C. into a solution of ethylene diamine and l-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (present as a mixture of two steroisomeric forms), in a polyacrylonitrile solvent.
• the quantity of solvent is usually so calculated that after termination of the chain lengthening reaction, the polyurethane-polyurea solution is present in the desired concentration.
• the chain lengthening reaction is accompanied by a rapid rise in viscosity so that viscosities of between 150 and 600 poises at C. are reached.
• the product is then often adjusted to a desired higher final viscosity by the addition of a small quantity of hexamethylene-l,6-diisocyanate, tetramethylene-l,4-diisocyanate or biurettriisocyanate which is obtained by reacting 3 mols of hexamethylene-l,6-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water. In most cases, however, the isocyanates are added diluted with a small quantity of solvent.
• the solids content of the finished elastomer solution may amount to 18 to 30 percent by weight.
• the polyacrylonitrile solvents used such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, must be free from constituents which are capable of reacting with diisocyanates although these solvents may contain the usual small quantities of water found in commercial solution.
• the molar ratio of the chain lengthening mixture of ethylene diamine and 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane employed may be varied between 60:40 and 90:10 but is preferably between 75:25 and 80:20. However, the overall molar ratio of chain lengthening mixture is already partly determined by the ratio of NCO to OH groups used in the preparation of the NCO-containing prepolymer.
• the NCO content of the prepolymer is relatively low, one also uses a low proportion of 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane in the chain lengthening mixture and conversely, a higher NCO content in the prepolymer necessitates the use of a higher proportion of 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane for the preparation of stable polyurethane-polyurea solutions.
• the quantity of ethylene diamine/ l-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5 ,5 trimethyl-cyclohexane mixture used for the chain lengthening reaction amounts to 90 to 140 mols percent, depending on the NCO to OH ratio in the prepolymer and the desired final viscosity.
• the percentage of chain lengthening agents added is based on the free NCO groups-content of the prepolymers.
• the prepolymer melt may be dissolved in a part of the polyacrylonitrile solvent and rapidly cooled to about to C., this solution then being added as described before, to the solution of chain lengthening mixture. If, however, the prepolymer has been prepared in one of the above-mentioned inert solvents, it is generally advisable to remove the solvent by distillation before the chain lengthening reaction. The process is in no way, however, impaired by the presence of this inert solvent provided it does not amount to more than 20 percent by weight, based on the total amount of solvent.
• Titanium dioxide, talcum or other pigments may, of course, be added to the elastomer solution before further working up, or alternatively these pigmenting agents may already be present during the chain lengthening reaction.
• the polyurethane-polyurea polymers which are obtained in solution when carrying out the process accord ing to the invention are of particular importance in industry owing to their high solubility and the resistance of their solutions to gel formation and degradation at room temperature or slightly elevated temperature.
• the elastic filaments and fibers are produced byknown spinning methods, either dry, i.e., by spinning the elastomer solution in air or inert gases at elevated temperatures, orwet, i.e., by injecting the elastomer solution into coagulating baths and winding the resulting filaments which are given a surface treatment with talcum or oily dressings to prevent them from sticking together on the spool.
• the spun filaments have excellent physical properties such as high elongation on tearing and high mechanical strength, low permanent elongation and high elastic modulus.
• EXAMPLE 1 About 250 parts of a polyester of adipic acid, hexane- 1,6-diol and 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol (proportion by weight of diols 65/35; OH number 55.5; acid number 0.8) are dehydrated for about one hour at about 120 C. under pressure of about 12 mm. Hg and then reacted with about 50 parts of diphenylmethane4,4'-diisocyanate at about to about C. for about one hour, with stirring. The melt of the polyester-diisocyanate adduct is dissolved in about 400 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide (H O content 0.01 percent) and cooled to 20 to 25 C in about 10 minutes.
• H O content 0.01 percent N,N-dimethylformamide
• EXAMPLE 2 About 250 parts of the dehydrated polyester described in Example 1 are reacted with about 56.25 parts of diphenylmethane- 4,4-diisocyanate at about 90 to about 95 C. for about one hour, with stirring, to form a prepolymer which is then dissolved in about 400 parts of N,N-dimethylforrnamide (H O content 0.01 percent) and cooled to about 25 C. in about minutes.
• N-methyldiisopropanolamine About 4.14 parts of N-methyldiisopropanolamine are stirred into the polyester melt, and about 59.1 parts of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate are then added and the components are reacted together for about one hour, with stirring, at about 80 to'about 85C. to form an NCO- containing prepolymer.
• the prepolymer is dissolved in about'400'parts of'N,N-dimethylformamide. (H O content 0.01 percent) and is at the same time cooled to about 25 C. within about'15 minutes. The prepolymer solution is then.
• the solution of the propolymer is introduced slowly at room temperature into a stirred solution of about 5.8 parts of ethylene diamine and about 5.5 parts of 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexane in about 360 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide. About 7 parts of finely divided titanium dioxide (rutile) are then added to the viscous solution over the course of several hours. When the solids content of the spinning solution is 27.5 percent, stable viscosity is 365 poises/" C. Filaments having the following properties are obtained under the conditions given hereinafter for the wet spinning process:
• Elongation at break (percent) 490 Permanent elongation (percent) 22 E-modulus (mg./d.) 133 EXAMPLE 5
• About 3750 parts of the polyester described in Example 1 are deactivated with about 15 parts of a 35 percent SO /dioxane solution in a manner analogous to that indicated in Example 3, and dehydrated and thoroughly mixed with about 75 parts of N-methyldiisopropanolamine. The mixture is then reacted for about one hour at about 90 to about 95 C. with about 954 parts of diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate.
• the resulting prepolymer is dissolved in about 6000 parts of N,N-dirnethylformamide (H O content 0.01 percent) and cooled to about C. within about minutes.
• the NCO-containing prepolymer solution is introduced slowly, with stirring, at 18 to 23 C. into a solution of about 67.8 parts of ethylene diamine and about 63.8 parts of 1-amino-3- aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane in about 7600 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide which in addition contains about 123 parts of titanium dioxide (rutile) dispersed in it.
• Addition of about 21 parts of hexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate causes the viscosity to rise to 920 poises/ 20 C.
• the spinning solution obtained which has a solids content of 27 percent, is spun by the wet spinning process described in detail hereinafter to form filaments having the following properties? l Titre (d.) 500 Strength (g./d.) 0.35 Elongation at break (percent) 680 Permanent elongation (percent) 20 E-modulus (mg./d.) '50
• the same solution is worked up by the dry spinning process described hereinafter to produce-filaments having the following properties:
• EXAMPLE 6 7 ing prepolymer solution is introduced slowly, with stirring, at 18 to 24 C. into a solution of about 90 parts of ethylenediamine and about 85.2 parts of 1-amino-3- aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane in about 8060 parts of N,N-dirnethylformamide which in addition contains about 128 parts of titanium dioxide (rutile) dispersed in it.
• the viscosity is adjusted to 720 poises/ 20 C. after several hours by adding about 23 parts of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate in about 50 parts of N,N- dimethylformamide.
• the spinning solution which contains 27 percent of solids, can be formed into filaments having the following properties by the hereinafter described Wet spinning process:
• Filaments having the following properties can be produced from the same solution by the dry spinning process described hereinafter:
• the solutions are thoroughly filtered by passing them through a filter press and are then degasified in a vacuum to make free from bubbles.
• the solutions indicated can be spun both by the wet and the dry spinning process.
• the permanent elongation is determined after stretching the filament three times by 300 percent of its initial length, allowing a recovery time, in each case of about 30 seconds.
• the modulus is determined by elongation of the filament to 300 percent of its initial length.
• EXAMPLE 7 About 21,000 parts of a mixed polyester of hexane-1,6- diol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol and adipic acid (molar ratio of diols 65:35; OH number 1.45) are dehydrated in a vacuum at about C. for about one hour, mixed with about 445 parts of N-methyldiisopropanolamine and about 6300 parts of diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate at about 70 C., and heated to about 90 C. for about 50 minutes with stirring.
• NCO-containing prepolymer melt so produced are introduced with intensive stirring into a cold solution of about 540 parts of ethylene diamine and about 380 parts of l-amino- 3-aminomethyl-3,5,S-trimethyl-cyclohexane in about 77,- 000 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide, which contains in addition about 1140 parts of titanium dioxide (rutile) dispersed in it.
• the viscosity is adjusted to 690 poises by further addition of about 195 parts of hexamethylene-1,6- diisocyanate.
• the spinning solution is briefly heated at about 90 C. and directly thereafter spun dry from a 48 aperture spinneret at a shaft temperature of about 200 C.
• the filaments are wound at a rate of about 300 m./min.
• the spinning solution is briefly heated to about 65 C. and directly thereafter spun dry from a 12 aperture spinneret at a shaft temperature of about C.
• the draw-off speed is 450 m./rnin.
• a spinning solution for the preparation of polyurethane fibers prepared by the process which comprises reacting in a polar solvent for polyacrylonitrile an NCO- terminated prepolymer with a mixture of ethylene diamine and 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,S-trimethyl-cyclohexane, said prepolymer being prepared by the process which comprises reacting one mol of a substantially linear polyester having terminal hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of from about 1,600 to about 2,600 with from about 1.5 to about 1.95 mols of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
• the spinning solution of claim 1 wherein the prepolymer is prepared from an hydroxyl polyester, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a glycol containing ter- 9 10 tiary nitrogen atoms and having a molecular weight less 3,165,566 1/1965 Murphy et al. 264184 than 500. 3,386,942 6/1968 Bell et al. 260-37 5.
• Polyurethane fibers prepared by the process which comprises spinning the solutions of claim 1.
• DONALD E. CZAJA Primary Examiner References Cited 5 H. S. COCKERAM, Assistant Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS US. Cl. X.R.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

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Cited By (7)

Citations (3)

• 1966
  • 1966-06-25 DE DE1669411A patent/DE1669411C3/de not_active Expired
• 1967
  • 1967-06-21 US US647608A patent/US3481905A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (3)

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