US3464461A - Endless belt for paper or board making machine and a method of weaving cloth therefor - Google Patents

Endless belt for paper or board making machine and a method of weaving cloth therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3464461A
US3464461A US634602A US3464461DA US3464461A US 3464461 A US3464461 A US 3464461A US 634602 A US634602 A US 634602A US 3464461D A US3464461D A US 3464461DA US 3464461 A US3464461 A US 3464461A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cloth
paper
twill
belt
warps
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Expired - Lifetime
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US634602A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ian George Cumming
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United Wire Works Ltd
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United Wire Works Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms

Definitions

  • a loom for weaving the cloth is provided with means for reversing the operation of the heddle frames of the loom at the required intervals so as to reverse the twill pattern.
  • This invention relates to woven cloth for endless belts for paper or board making machines, and to a method of making such cloth.
  • Such belts are used on the wet end of Fourdrinier paper or board making machines to convey and dewater paper pulp so as to form a mat or sheet of fibres.
  • the cloth may be woven with metal or synthetic warps and wefts, or with metal warps and synthetic wefts, or with synthetic warps and metal wefts, the belt being formed by joining together the ends of the cloth with the warps running lengthwise of the belt.
  • the warps form knuckles on the underside and topside of the woven belt, and, in operation, the underside warp knuckles are subjected to severe abrasive wear as the belt travels over suction boxes and other stationary surfaces such as forming boards and foils which are fitted to the paper or board making machine. Furthermore, on Inverform Machines, very severe abrasive wear is caused by the autoslice blades.
  • the warp knuckles wear grooves in the surface of the tops of the suction boxes and on the leading edges of the autoslice blade, and these grooves are a replica of the longitudinal pattern of the underside warp knuckles.
  • a grooved suction box top may result in a very serious shortening of the life of the belt and create faults in the paper or board being made.
  • the belt If the belt is released from the grooves due either to sufiicient lateral pressure or to the presence of a discontinuity in the pattern of the underside warp knuckles, as for example at the joint or seam which makes the belt endless, the belt slides over the top of the grooves which rasp the warp knuckles, causing further wear and frequently a disturbance in the uniformity of the sheet formation.
  • a grooved suction box top also causes serious trouble States Patent O when a new belt is fitted. Differences in warp pattern in relation to the grooves cause severe local Wear and drastically reduces the life of the belt.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide cloth, which, when formed into a belt and used on a paper making machine as aforesaid, does not form grooves in the tops of the suction boxes and does not react undesirably to grooves previously formed thereon, or which has a lesser tendency to do so than belts hitherto used.
  • twill woven cloth for forming or formed into an endless belt for a paper or board making machine in which the twill pattern is reversed at predetermined intervals so that each warp forms throughout its length a series of substantially chevron-shaped formations transversely directed in the plane of the cloth.
  • a method of weaving twill cloth for an endless belt for a paper or board making machine comprising reversing the twill pattern at predetermined intervals so that each warp forms throughout its length a series of substantially chevron-shaped formations transversely directed in the plane of the cloth.
  • a loom for weaving twill cloth for endless belts for paper or board making machines in which there is provided apparatus adapted and arranged so as to reverse the operation of the heddle frames at predetermined intervals.
  • Said apparatus may comprise forward and reverse drives from the main shaft of the loom to the heddle cam shaft, a clutch for effecting engagement of one or other of said drives, a clutch-actuating device, and a time switch device controlling the latter so that the said drives engage alternately at predetermined intervals.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a plan view of a typical conventionally woven three shed twill paper or board making belt, in which the twill pattern A -A is going from right to left when viewed in the direction of the arrow,
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view corresponding to FIG. 1, to a larger scale, the twill pattern A A going from right to left when viewed in the direction of the arrow,
  • FIG. 3 shows the top surface of a typical conventionally woven three shed twill, in which the twill pattern A A is going from left to right when viewed in the direction of the arrow,
  • FIG. 4 shows the top surfaces of a panel of cloth in accordance with the present invention, in which the twill patterns A A A A and A -A are reversed from left to right to right to left and then to left to right when viewed in the direction of the arrow,
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagrammatic view of apparatus for effecting the change in sequence of heddle reciprocation in a loom so as to reverse the twill pattern
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic side view of the cams and heddle arrangements in a loom.
  • each warp is interlaced with the weft so that it passes over one weft and under the next two. Adjacent warps follow the same pattern of interlacing but are arranged to be out of phase with each other by one weft. In such a twill woven cloth, the topside knuckles of a series of adjacent warps created by passing over wefts follow diagonal lines A A across the width of the cloth.
  • FIG. 2 The details of weave shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, and the pattern can be changed to form a line of knuckles running in a diagonally opposite direction A A across .the cloth by changing the pattern of interlacing as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the warps follow a chevron or zig-zig pattern, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the angle of slope is influenced by the flexibility of the warp and weft, the diameter of the warp and weft and the numbers of warps and wefts per inch.
  • the warps are indicated by the numeral 25, and the wefts by the numeral 26.
  • weaving consists of taking every alternate warp and holding it apart from the intervening warps so that the weft may thus be placed. The alternate warps are then crossed over the weft which has just been placed and another weft is placed. The process repeats and a plain woven cloth results.
  • the two groups into which the warps are divided are known as sheds.
  • sheds it is necessary to divide the warps into a minimum of three sheds. The sheds are created by threading each warp through a heddle and the heddles corresponding to the warps of one shed are held in one frame whilst the heddles corresponding to the warps of the other sheds are held in other frames.
  • the number of frames is determined by the number of sheds required. In a three shed twill, for example, it is necessary to have three heddle frames as shown in FIG. 6 at 1, 2 and 3. In order that the warps and wefts may be interlaced it is necessary for the heddle frames 1, 2, 3 to reciprocate vertically. This is arranged by a system of levers known as treadles and shown in FIG. 6 at 24 which are articulated by a bank of cams 23, FIG. 5. There are two treadles 24 to each heddle frame and one cam 23 to each treadle 24.
  • the cycle for each heddle frame is such that the frame is held down whilst two wefts are placed and is held up whilst a third weft is placed.
  • the sequence of operation is such that for the first weft the first frame is up whilst the second and third frames are down. The second frame comes up for the second weft and the first and third remain down.
  • the first cycle is complete after the next move when the third frame comes up for the third weft and the first and second stay down. This sequence of operation creates a slope in the warps, as already described, in one direction.
  • a slope in a diagonally opposite direction is obtained by precisely reversing the sequence so that, after the first frame has been up, the third frame comes up whilst the first and second stay down. Next, the second frame comes up whilst the first and third stay down.
  • 30 indicates the warp beam
  • 32 indicate warps in a shed
  • 33 indicates the woven cloth
  • 34 the cloth beam.
  • the mainshaft 4 is a constantly rotating shaft, running at half the loom speed, and the heddle cam shaft 5 is driven from the mainshaft 4 through two spur gear wheels 9, or a chain and chain wheels 11, 12.
  • the ratios of the spur gears and chain wheels are identical and in this embodiment each ratio is 1.5/1.
  • the spur gear 9 and chain wheel 11 are both free to rotate on the mainshaft 4 but are held in a fixed position along the mainshaft 4 by split thrust and journal bearings 13.
  • the gear wheel 10 and the chain wheel 12 are both fixed to the heddle cam shaft 5, and the latter drives the heddle cams 23 which in turn actuate the heddle frames 1, 2 and 3 carrying the warps.
  • clutch member 6 which rotates with and is movable along the mainshaft 4 on a sliding key.
  • clutch member 8 engages a clutch member 8 and disengages a clutch member 7.
  • the members 7 and 8 are fixed to the gear wheel 9 and chain wheel 11 respectively. As can be seen, if clutch member 6 is moved from engagement with the member 7 into engagement with the member 8, the shaft 5 changes direction of rotation.
  • the clutch member 6 is moved along shaft 4 by means of a rod 18A of a piston in an air cylinder 18 pushing or pulling a lever 17 which is pivotally mounted at 14.
  • Clutch shoes 15 are pivotally attached to the lever 17 and fit into an annular recess 16 in the clutch member 6.
  • the internal faces of the clutch members 7 and 8 have teeth 19 which engage with similar teeth on the external faces of the member 6.
  • a sequence-timing device 20 is provided for counting a predetermined number of wefts inserted and is actuated by a drive 21 fixed to the shaft 4.
  • the device 20 through connections 20a actuates a controller 41 which is connected to the drive unit '42 for the main shaft 4 and is also connected through connections 22a to a solenoid-controlled valve 22 for the air cylinder 18.
  • the controller 41 When the device 20 triggers the controller 41, it operates through the drive unit 42 to arrest the drive to the shaft 4 to stop the loom, and then after a timed delay of two to three seconds, the controller 41 energizes the solenoid-controlled valve 22, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the device 20 again actuates the controller 41 which thereagain stops the loom and after a timed delay of two to three seconds de-energizes the solenoid valve 22 to thereby extend the rod 18A to shift the lever 17 from right to left, first disengaging the chain wheel drive 11, 12 and then engaging the gear drive 9, 10.
  • the loom is then restarted automatically with the result that the twill pattern weave is again reversed and returns to the original direction.
  • the device 20 then counts a predetermined number of wefts and the operation is repeated so that the direction of the twill pattern is reversed in alternation throughout the length of the cloth.
  • the distance between reversals may be varied from 2 inches to 4 feet with advantage and the twill specification may be selected from the full range of twills which it is possible to weave.
  • the invention uses in a controlled manner the phenomenon that the warps and wefts of cloth woven in a twill pattern in a normal state of equilibrium do not lie at right angles to each other.
  • the following is an example of this phenomenon.
  • a length of twill cloth woven with the same pattern throughout its length is laid out flat it forms a parallelogram. If such a piece of twill woven cloth is formed into an endless belt the line of the joint forms an angle with the transverse axis of the belt.
  • the warp lies parallel to the running axis of the wet end of the paper or board making machine and the weft lies parallel to the seam or joint.
  • the cloth may be, for example from 40 to 110 mesh.
  • an endless belt for a paper making machine made of twill woven cloth said belt having warps extending throughout the length of the belt and wefts extending across the width of the belt, the improvement consisting in that the cloth comprises a series of sections throughout the length of the belt and the twill pattern is reversed between successive sections, whereby each warp forms throughout its length a series of substantially chevronshaped formations transversely directed in the plane of the cloth.
  • Twill woven Fourdrinier cloth having a series of sections throughout its length, warps extending through said series of sections, and wefts extending across the width of the cloth, in which the twill pattern is reversed between successive sections, whereby each warp forms throughout its length a series of substantially chevronshaped formations transversely directed in the plane of the cloth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US634602A 1966-04-30 1967-04-28 Endless belt for paper or board making machine and a method of weaving cloth therefor Expired - Lifetime US3464461A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB19107/66A GB1134566A (en) 1966-04-30 1966-04-30 A method of weaving fourdrinier fabric for endless belts of paper or board making machines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3464461A true US3464461A (en) 1969-09-02

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ID=10123897

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US634602A Expired - Lifetime US3464461A (en) 1966-04-30 1967-04-28 Endless belt for paper or board making machine and a method of weaving cloth therefor

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Country Link
US (1) US3464461A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1710373B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES340667A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1548284A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1134566A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO127411B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE341659B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4592395A (en) * 1983-03-01 1986-06-03 Hermann Wangner - Gmbh & Co. Kg Papermachine clothing in a fabric weave having no axis of symmetry in the length direction
US10329714B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2019-06-25 Astenjohnson, Inc. Guiding resistant forming fabric with balanced twill machine side layer
CN117415253A (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-19 安平县霖霄机械制造有限公司 一种编网机

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI56988C (fi) * 1969-06-10 1987-06-16 Huyck Corp Pappermaskinsduk innefattande sammanvaevda varp- och inslagstraodar.
DE3044762C2 (de) * 1980-11-27 1982-11-25 Fa. F. Oberdorfer, 7920 Heidenheim Papiermachergewebe
FR2534601B1 (fr) * 1982-10-14 1986-08-22 Franck Sa Toiles Procede de fabrication de toiles plastiques, en particulier pour machines a papier, et toile plastique ainsi obtenue

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1587338A (en) * 1921-12-23 1926-06-01 Lindsay Wire Weaving Co Wire belt and process for making same
GB427915A (en) * 1934-02-01 1935-05-02 William Goodacre & Sons Ltd Improvements in and relating to loom shedding mechanism
US2143552A (en) * 1937-04-23 1939-01-10 United Wire Works Ltd Manufacture of paper-makers' wire cloth
US2152982A (en) * 1936-07-25 1939-04-04 John D Watson Harness motion for looms
US2227669A (en) * 1939-04-19 1941-01-07 C H Johnson And Sons Ltd Woven wire for use in paper-makers' machines or apparatus
US2903021A (en) * 1955-12-23 1959-09-08 F C Huyck & Sons Fourdrinier cloth
FR1296090A (fr) * 1961-05-02 1962-06-15 Commande des métiers à tisser
US3139119A (en) * 1960-05-18 1964-06-30 William E Buchanan Fourdrinier fabric
US3211606A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-10-12 Wisconsin Wire Works Paper making wire
US3214818A (en) * 1965-11-02 Ian elrick ewen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR743806A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1933-04-07
DE1019158B (de) * 1955-09-14 1957-11-07 Oberdorfer Fa F Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Papiermaschinensiebes, dessen Kettendraehte quer zurLaufrichtung wellenfoermig gekruemmt sind
FR1369242A (fr) * 1963-09-14 1964-08-07 United Wire Works Ltd Fabrication de toile tissée pour les courroies sans fin des machines à fabriquer le papier
FR1441063A (fr) * 1965-07-09 1966-06-03 United Wire Works Ltd Procédé de fabrication d'un tissu pour les courroies sans fin des machines à papier

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3214818A (en) * 1965-11-02 Ian elrick ewen
US1587338A (en) * 1921-12-23 1926-06-01 Lindsay Wire Weaving Co Wire belt and process for making same
GB427915A (en) * 1934-02-01 1935-05-02 William Goodacre & Sons Ltd Improvements in and relating to loom shedding mechanism
US2152982A (en) * 1936-07-25 1939-04-04 John D Watson Harness motion for looms
US2143552A (en) * 1937-04-23 1939-01-10 United Wire Works Ltd Manufacture of paper-makers' wire cloth
US2227669A (en) * 1939-04-19 1941-01-07 C H Johnson And Sons Ltd Woven wire for use in paper-makers' machines or apparatus
US2903021A (en) * 1955-12-23 1959-09-08 F C Huyck & Sons Fourdrinier cloth
US3139119A (en) * 1960-05-18 1964-06-30 William E Buchanan Fourdrinier fabric
US3211606A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-10-12 Wisconsin Wire Works Paper making wire
FR1296090A (fr) * 1961-05-02 1962-06-15 Commande des métiers à tisser

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4592395A (en) * 1983-03-01 1986-06-03 Hermann Wangner - Gmbh & Co. Kg Papermachine clothing in a fabric weave having no axis of symmetry in the length direction
US10329714B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2019-06-25 Astenjohnson, Inc. Guiding resistant forming fabric with balanced twill machine side layer
CN117415253A (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-01-19 安平县霖霄机械制造有限公司 一种编网机
CN117415253B (zh) * 2023-12-05 2024-03-15 安平县霖霄机械制造有限公司 一种编网机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE341659B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-10
NO127411B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-06-18
ES340667A1 (es) 1968-06-01
GB1134566A (en) 1968-11-27
FR1548284A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1968-12-06
DE1710373B1 (de) 1971-07-08

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